导图社区 中小学英语语法思维导图之非谓语动词
学霸家长呕心整理，适用于中小学生归纳学习英语语法知识，可自行修改扩充知识点。
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非谓语动词
类型
不定式
形式
to do
not to do
疑问词+to do
相当于名词性结构
How to solve the problem is very important.
It is adj.+for sb.+to do sth
adj.描述不定式的特性
I don't think it advisable for him to learn medicine.
我认为他学医不合适
学医不合适
It is adj.+of sb.+to do sth
adj.描述sb.的特性
It's wrong of you to laugh at your classmates.
你嘲笑同学是不对的
你不对
do
固定搭配
had better (not) do sth.
最好（不要）做某事
would rather do sth.
宁愿做某事
can not but do sth.
只好做某事
can not help but do sth.
禁不住做某事
固定结构
Why not do sth.?
为什么不做某事
Could/Would/Will you please (not) do sth.?
请你做某事好吗？
v.+but/except to do
She can do everything except cook.
help+sb.+(to) do+sth.
主语是人时to可省略
to do and (to) do
and表并列时to可省略
to
避免重复
We don't dare to say a word unless she asks us to (say a word).
除非她要求，否则我们不敢说一个字
Ms. Iiu lied to us thougth she didn't want to (lie to us).
尽管不情愿，但刘女士还是对我们撒了谎
功能
主语
表示将来动作或具体行为
To learn Chinese well is very difficult.
头重脚轻
It is very difficult to learn Chinese well.
it为形式主语
不定式变为主语同位语
宾语
Would you like to see a film this evening?
I think it interesting to play football while it is snowing hard.
有宾补时可用形式主语
避免前重后轻
表语
His dream is to be a doctor.
表示主语的具体内容或目的
To be a doctor is his dream.
主表互换
宾补
vt.+sb.+to do
Mead asked me to sing a song.
使役/感官动词+sb.+(to) do
The boss made Tom work for whole night.
主动语态可省to
Tom was made to work for whole night by the boss.
被动语态需加to
定语
I'm looking for a girl to look after the child.
主谓关系
That girl has nothing to worry about.
动宾关系
状语
They jumped with joy to hear the news.
表原因
In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows.
表目的
in order突出强调
独立成份
To be honest, I don't like him very much.
老实说，我非常不喜欢他
分词
作表语
The pop music is very interesting.
doing说明主语的特性
I am interested in pop music.
done说明主语的状态或感受
作宾补
I heard him singing in the classroom.
宾语与doing是主动关系
I will have my watch repaired.
宾语与done是被动关系
作定语
Do you know the girl standing under the tree?
doing表主动、进行
Who were the guests invited to your party last night?
done表被动、完成
作状语
Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautfiful.
条件状语
He fell off the hill,breaking his left leg.
结果状语
动名词
作主语
表示惯常性动作或抽象性行为
Playing with children is fun.
It is fun playing with children.
动名词变为主语同位语
作宾语
I look forward to receiving your letter soon.
My hobby is collecting stamps.
表示主语的具体内容
Collecting stamps is my hobby.
Let's buy a washing machine.
表示被修饰词的用途
Let's buy a machine for washing.
介宾短语作定语
辨析
动名词只用于被修饰词前，表无生命名词的用途
a swimming pool
游泳池
现在分词可用于被修饰词后，存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示动作正在进行
a swimming girl
正在游泳的女孩
不定式用于被修饰词后，指将来的动作
There are no exercises to write.
过去分词表被动关系，指已完成的动作
Please hand in your written exercises.
现在分词表主动、正在进行
I heard him singing in the next room.
过去分词表被动、正在进行
I heard the song sung in the next room.
不定式表主动、已经完成或即将发生
I heard him (to) sing in the next room.
rember/forget/reget
to do sth.
还没做
doing sth.
已做过
stop/go on
做另一件事
做原来的事
need/want/require
doing
需要做
to be done
