中小学英语语法思维导图之句子语态

学霸家长呕心整理，适用于中小学生归纳学习英语语法知识，可自行修改扩充知识点。

语态

• 定义
  • 表示主语与谓语动词之间的关系的动词形式
    • 主语是动作的执行者
      • 主动语态
        • I opened the door.
    • 主语是动作的承受者
      • 被动语态
        • The door was opened.
• 语态构成
  • 现在时
    • do
      • be done
  • 进行时
    • be doing
      • be being done
  • 将来时
    • will do
      • will be done
  • 完成时
    • have done
      • have been done
  • 情态
    • vm. do
      • vm. be done
• 语态转换
  • S+do+O
    • O+be done+(by A)
      • Mead writes a letter everyday.
      • A letter is written by Mead everyday.
  • S+do+Oi+Od
    • Oi+be done+Od+(by A)
      • He gave me a book.
      • I was given a book.
    • Od+be done+to/for Oi+(by A)
      • A book was given to me.
  • S+do+O+OC
    • O+be done+OC+(by A)
      • We made Mead header of the team.
      • Mead was made header of the team.
  • do+O
    • Let+O+be done
      • Don't throw the things about.
        • 不要乱扔东西
      • Let the things not be thrown about.
  • S+do+宾从
    • It+be done+宾从
      • They say that Mayun is one of the richest people.
      • It is said that Mayun is one of the richest people.
    • say/believe/report/know/hope/think
      • 主语（信息来源）不确定时常用被动语态
  • S+do+that A vi.
    • A+be done+to vi.
      • We believed that he would succeed.
      • He was believed to succeed.
• 特殊规则
  • 主动形式表被动意义
    • 系动词表感官感受
      • The shirt feels much soft.
        • 这衬衫摸起来很柔软。
      • look/sound/taste/prove等
    • 不及物动词表主语特性
      • This kitchen cleans very easily.
        • 这厨房清洗很容易。
      • read/write/sell/clean/cook/burn/draw/cut/wear等
      • The door won't shut.
        • 这扇门关不上。
      • open/close/shut/lock/move
        • 常与can't/won't连用
    • 表事情发生的动词
      • The accident happened last week.
      • happen/spread/take place
    • 动名词含被动之意
      • The problem requires studying.
        • The problem requires to be studied.
      • 作需要讲的need/want/require之后
  • 不能使用被动语态情形
    • 表状态的及物动词作谓语
      • The hall can hold 100 people.
      • have有fit适合suit适合hold容纳cost花费last持续
    • 宾语是反身代词或相互代词
    • 宾语是表地点或处所的名词
    • 宾语是不定式或动名词