导图社区 中小学英语语法思维导图之句子种类
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编辑于2021-01-13 22:51:47种类
陈述句
定义
叙述一件事情
表达一种看法
分类
肯定式
主语+谓语+其他
I understood the sentence.
主语+系动词+表语
This is very good.
否定式
not
简单谓语
do+not+实义动词
复合谓语
be+not+表语
I am not a writer.
do not+系动词+表语
I didn't become a writer.
助动词+not+实义动词
情态动词+not+实义动词
其它否定词
no/nothing/never/hardly/little/seldom
疑问句
定义
用来提出问题的句子
分类
一般疑问句
be+主语+表语
Are you ok?
助动记/情态动词+主语+谓语
Can I help you?
用Yes/No回答
—Can't he answer the question?
他不能回答这个问题吗?
—Yes, he can.
不,他能回答。
Yes有时可用certainly/surely/of course/all right等代替
—No, he can't
是,他不能回答。
No有时可用sorry/never/I'm afraid等代替
特殊疑问句
疑问代词结构+一般疑问句其他成份?
What is your mother?
你妈妈是做什么的?
疑问副词结构+一般疑问句其他成份?
When were you born?
选择疑问句
一般疑问句+or+可选择部分?
Do you like tea or coffee?
一般疑问句+or not?
Do you like tea or not?
特殊疑问句+,+可选择部分+or+可选择部分?
What do you like,tea or coffee?
反意疑问句
肯定陈述句+否定附加问句
—He's a doctor, isn't he?
他是医生,是吗?
—Yes, he is.
是,他是医生。
—No, he isn't.
不,他不是医生。
否定陈述句(含否定词)+肯定附加问句
—He isn't a doctor, is he?
他不是医生,是吗?
—Yes, he is.
不,他是医生。
—No, he isn't.
是,他不是医生。
I/we think+宾从
—I don't think that is his fault, is it?
我认为这不是他的错,是吗?
—Yes,it is.
不,这是他的错
附加问句规则
主语
数和陈述句主语一致
用人称代词替代名词
用人称代词替代指示代词
This is a great party, isn't it?
用it替代指物不定代词
everything/nothing/something等
助词
时态和陈述句一致
否定结构须缩写
用aren't I对应I am
I am right, aren't I?
我是对的,是吗?
肯定祈使句+will you/won't you
Look at the blackoard, will/won't you?
否定祈使句+will you
Don't make any noise, will you?
感叹句+be+主语
What beautiful colors, aren't they?
祈使句
定义
表请求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子
分类
Do型
(You) Get up quickly.
主语you常省略
Stop talking.
Don't forget me!
否定结构
Do attend the meeting, please.
加强语气
Be型
Be a good boy!
Don't be late for school!
否定结构
No/Never型
No talking.
Never talk.
指明对象型
Tom and Mary come here.
Tom, (you) get up.
中间有分割人名是称呼语
Let型
Let me
Let me try again.
Let's
Let's have another try.
包含说话对象
Let us
Let us not say anything about it.
不包含说话对象
否定结构
Let 第三人称
Let Tom go there himself.
Don't let them play with fire.
否定结构
感叹句
定义
表示强烈感情的句式
分类
What型
What+(a+)adj.+n.(+主语+谓语)
What exciting news!
What a clever boy he is!
How型
How+adj.+a+n.(+主语+谓语)
How clever a boy he is!
和What型结构不同意思相同
How+adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)
How clever the boy is!
How+主语+谓语
How time flies!
光阴似箭
倒装句
定义
因语法结构要求或修辞需要而改变语序的句子
分类
完全倒装
谓语+主语+……
There be
定义
在何时何地有什么事
用法
时态
一般现在时
There is +单数名词/不可数名词+地点/时间
There are +复数名词+地点/时间
There are many students in the class.
一般过去时
There was/were
一般将来时
There will/be going to
现在完成时
There have/has been
情态语气
There 情态动词 be
否定
be+no
be+not (any)
There are not (any) students in the class.
疑问
be+there+其他
Are there any students in the class?
be形式
与句中主语一致
多主语时与最近名词一致
There is a teacher and many students in the class.
be可为live/lie/exist/stand/go/come
Long long ago, there lvied a king.
副词小品词+谓语动词+名词主语+……
Out rushed a young lady.
A young lady rushed out.
过去分词/现在分词+be+主语+……
Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.
部分倒装
语法需要
助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语
表示强调
Only+状语置于句首
Only by working hard can we succeed.
只有努力工作,我们才能成功
否定意义的词置于句首
Seldom do I go to work by bus.
so/neither/nor引导句型
Mead likes this novel. So do I.
米德喜欢这本小说,我也喜欢
She can hardly driver.Neither can I.
她几乎不会开车,我也不会
so/ such...that结构中的so/such位于句首
So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.