英语国家社会与文化

英语 国家社会与文化 Brief History of American Economy 思维导图

Brief History of American Economy

• Colonial period
  • Trapping and trading in furs, and fishing. Some people exported tobacco, rice, and indgio.
  • People were self-sufficient, living primarily on small farms.
  • A variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Build fishing fleets and trading vessels, bulid small iron forges.
  • The prosperity of colonial economy demanded more rights. Which led to the emergence of the United States.
• The new nation's economy
  • The constitution of 1787 established that the state is a "common" market.
  • The last clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property "
  • The federal government would nurture infant industries by providing over subsidies and imposing protective tariffs on imports.
  • And the first National Bank of the United States was chartered in 1791; it lasted until 1811, after which a successor bank was chartered.
• Westward Expansion
  • Large plantation, together with the population surge, enhanced people's demands for new land, hence the Westward Expansion.
  • The Westward Movement, expanding the nation's borders to include more than three million square miles, contributed to America's emergence as one of the wealthiest countries of the 20th century.
  • The Westward Movement at the same time means cruel. So the history of the Westward Movement is also a history stained with blood.
  • New inventions and capital investment led to the creation of new industries and economic growth. As transportation improved, new markets continuously opened.
• Industrial growth
  • The Industrial Revolution began in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and it quickly spread to the United States.
  • A third of the nation's income came from manufacturing. Urbanized industry was limited primarily to the Northeast; cotton cloth production was the leading industry. Many new workers were immigrants.
  • The economic conflicts between the North and the South got increasingly sharp and soon intensified into a war. Northern industry, which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war, surged ahead.
  • The planter aristocracy of the South, portrayed sentimentally 70 years later in the film classic Gone with the Wind', disappeared.
• Inventions, development, and tycoons
  • The development of economy brought the economic foundation for the Second Industrial Revolution. People discovered oil and invented telephones, phonographs and electric lights. Cars and planes also appeared.
  • With the development of national industrial infrastructure, abundant coal has been discovered, and steel mills are booming.
  • The industrial scale has expanded and mass production has appeared. The field of scientific management appeared in the late 19th century.
  • The “Gilded Age’" of the second half of the 19th century was the epoch of tycoons.Commercial interests have a great influence on the government.
  • The technological revolution of the 1980s and 1990s brought a new entrepreneurial culture.