学而思语法系列：6.现在完成时

本系列导图是学而思小初语法课（1-9年级）知识点的归纳总结，涵盖6*时态 1*被动语态，8大词性，5种句型，3种从句。树叶内容是课堂上老师指导的快速记忆方法。

现在完成时

• 用法
  • 1. 已完成（过去发生对现在造成影响或结果）
    • I have cleaned the bedroom.
  • 2. 说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，译为“过”
    • I have been to Alps.
      • have/has been to：去过(人已归)
      • have/has gone to：去了(人未归)
      • have/has been in：呆在
  • 3. 动作发生在过去一直持续到现在
    • I have studied XRS for two years.
    • 瞬间性动词可以用于现完，但不 能和for、since、how long 连用。
      • 必考考点： 瞬间性动词（向）延续性动词（转换） buy have borrow keep die be dead become be leave/go be away come/arrive be here start/begin be on join be in/be a member catch a cold have a cold
• 构成
  • has/have done
    • 肯定句
      • 主语 + has/have done ...
    • 否定句
      • 主语 + has/have not done ...
    • 疑问句
      • Has/Have + 主语 + done ...?
        • 肯定回答
          • Yes, 主语 + has/have.
        • 否定回答
          • No, 主语 + has/have not.
• 过去分词变化规则
  • 直：一般情况+ed
    • played, cleaned
  • 去：去哑巴e, +ed
    • lived, danced
  • 双：重读辅元辅：双写尾字母 + ed
    • plan-planned, stop-stopped
  • 改：以辅音+y结尾，改 y 为 i+ed
    • carry-carried, cry-cried
  • 特
    • 对比过去式的4般变化规则：
      • 你规我就规， 你特我也特。
    • AAA
      • cost cost cost hurt hurt hurt read read read cut cut cut let let let shut shut shut hit hit hit put put put
    • AAC
      • beat beat beaten
    • ABA
      • become became become come came come run ran run
    • ABB
      • bring brought brought keep kept kept shine shone shone build built built leave left left shoot shot shot buy bought bought lend lent lent sit sat sat catch caught caught light lit lit sleep slept slept feel felt felt lose lost lost spend spent spent fight fought fought make made made stand stood stood find found found mean meant meant teach taught taught get got got meet met met tell told told hang hung hung pay paid paid think thought thought have had had say said said understand understood undersood hear heard heard sell sold sold win won won hold held held send sent sent burn burned burned learn learned learned dream dreamed dreamed burnt burnt learnt learnt dreamt dreamt smell smelled smelled smelt smelt
    • ABC
      • be was/were been fly flew flown show showed shown begin began begun forget forgot forgotten sing sang sung bite bit bitten give gave given speak spoke spoken blow blew blown go went gone steal stole stolen break broke broken grow grew grown swim swam swum choose chose chosen hide hid hidden take took taken do did done know knew known tear tore torn draw drew drawn lie lay lain throw threw thrown drink drank drunk ride rode ridden wake woke woken drive drove driven ring rang rung wear wore worn eat ate eaten rise rose risen write wrote written fall fell fallen see saw seen
• 时间标志词
  • already(肯定), yet(疑问，否定),
  • just, ever, never, twice, several times,
  • for+时间段，since+过去时间点