动词不定式
作主语:动词不定式作主语时，
句子的谓语动词常用单数，
其位置有以下两种
把不定式置于句首
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
To see is to believe.
用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中
①It+be+名词+to do
It is of great importance to learn English well.
②It takes sb. + some time+ to do
It will take us half an hour to get there by bike.
③It + be + 形容词 +for/of sb to do sth
It is necessary for us to make a plan for this course of study.
It is kind of you to give me a lift.
for sb 与of sb 区别：看sb与其形容词是否构成逻辑上的主谓关系，如果可以就用of; 否则用for
④It seems (appears)+ 形容词+ to do
It seems impossible to finish the task in such a short time.
作状语
目的状语:to do/ in order to do/so as to do 意为，为了…
I have changed a lot in order that I can be with you.
I have changed a lot in order to be with you.
结果状语
so adj. as to
He is so stupid as to make mistakes.
作宾语: v.＋to do
用“疑问词+to+动词原形”结构作宾语的动词
Please show us how to operate the machine
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语+动词+it +宾语补足语+to do 句式
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
作定语:n.＋to do
I want something to drink
不定式做定语，与前名词构成动宾关系，不及物动词要加介词
I want to buy a big house to live in.
不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句
如 There are plans to be made at once.
→There are plans which will be made at once. (定语从句)
表示将来的动作
如:I have many letters to type. 我有许多信要打。
作宾补:v.＋sb.+to do
某人做某事
父亲想让孩子出国，并教他出国须知，母亲也允许，
鼓励并建议孩子去文化底蕴深厚的国家，
两人此事告知了爷爷奶奶，
老人却宁愿孙子留在国内，
要求、警告并强迫夫妻禁止谈论此事，
两人无奈，只好邀请邻居说服老人
有少数动词用不带to的不定式作宾补:
一感觉:feel
二听: listen to，hear
三让: make let have
五看:see，watch，look at，notice，observe
半帮助:help sb to do/sb do
做表语: be to do 表将来或目的
不定式可放在be动词或其他连系动词后面作表语。当主语部分出现实义动词do或do的其他形式如to do，did等时，作表语的不定式常不带to. （有do去to, 无do加to）
如：The only thing to do is write to him.
固定搭配
be likely to do/seem、appear to do sth
可能做某事
be said to do/ Be thought、believed、considered to do
据说，被认为
be pleased/happy to do
很高兴做某事
固定句式
It＋be＋介词短语＋to do
It is beyond you to understand me.
It is＋adj＋for/of sb to do sth
对某人来说做某事…
v＋it＋adj＋to do
做某事…
I find it easy to like lovely boy.
It＋be＋n.＋to do
It is an honor to speak mandarin.
不定式的否定形式: 不定式的否定是在不定式前加否定词not或never构成
如：He decided not to see her.
分词
作表语
暧昧：interest excite surprise=amaze move satisfy
热恋：thrill惊喜 astonish震惊
平淡：puzzle= confuse frighten
分手：embarrass bore=annoy disappoint discourage
作定语
修饰名词：n+分词
①找出谓语动词
②看空前名词与非谓语动词的关系：主动doing，被动done
③观察时态
作宾补：动词＋宾语＋补语
①找谓语动词
②看空前宾语与非谓语动词的主被动关系
一感觉feel
二听 listen to、hear
三让 let、make、have
五看 look at、see、 watch、 notice、observe
其他 leave、keep、find、with
with/without的用法：
①介词，后面接名词或者动名词
②not with＝without
前有逗号，后有名词：…，with＋n＋doing/done
前无逗号，后无名词：…with＋n/doing【主动】/being done【被动】
固定搭配
hear/see sb do 做了…
hear/see sb doing 正在做…
作状语
题型一：非谓语动词，主语＋谓语
①找谓语动词
②看主语和非谓语的主被动关系
③比较谓语和非谓语的先后顺序
④非谓语的否定：not➕非谓语动词
主动 被动
同 时 发 生 doing done
非谓先发生 having done having been done
非谓后发生 to do to be done
题型二：名词＋非谓语动词，主语＋谓语
①找谓语动词
②看名次和非谓语动词的主被动关系
③比较谓语和非谓语的先后顺序
主动 被动
同 时 发 生 doing done
非谓先发生 having done having been done
非谓后发生 to do to be done
选项是dress或者seat，直接选dressed或者seated
选项是fix
非谓语➕名词，选择fixing；
非谓语➕with，选择fixed
选项是face
非谓语➕名词，选择facing；
非谓语➕with，选择faced
选项是lose
非谓语➕名词，选择losing；
非谓语➕in/for/to，选择lost
Nobody claimed the money ____ in the library.
A discovered
B discovering
C having being discovered
D to be discovered
第一步：选项关于同一动词的不同形式
第二步：看空前是否有名词，有名词看名词与非谓语主被动，
无名词 看主语与非谓语的主被动关系。
第三步：有逗号 就看谓语与非谓语先后，同时doing，非谓语先发生having done，非谓语后发生to do
无逗号 就看该句的时态：现在doing，过去done，将来to do
前四组结构：v＋n＋非谓语动词
最后一组：doing/done
主动 被动
过去 done done
现在 doing being done
将来 to do to be done
done 过去 完成
doing现在 进行
to do 将来
决心学会想希望 decide/determine，learn，want，wish，hope，expect
拒绝设法像假装 refuse，manage，pretend
主动答应选希望 offer，promise，choose，plan
同意请求帮一帮 agree，ask，beg，help
