英语语法简单句结构复杂句分析思维导图

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英语语法简单句结构复杂句分析思维导图

• 句型一：主语+系动词+表语
  • 系动词的分类
    • 单纯表示主语的特征、状态的
      • 比如：feel,look,sound,taste,smell和appear等
      • 例句：
        • The iron feels hot. 这块铁摸起来很热。
        • The rose doesn't smell much. 这玫瑰花不是很香。
    • 表示主语由一种状态转变为另一种状态的
      • 比如：become,grow,get,turn,fall,go和come等。
      • 例句：
        • The leaf will turn yellow in autumn.
        • The teacher became angry.
        • Our supplies of sugar and rice fell short. 我们的糖，米供应不足。
        • The jokes fell flat. 玩笑毫无效果。
        • I've got to return the book this afternoon;it falls overdue a week. 我今天下午得还书，已经过期一周了。
        • fall due 到期
        • fall asleep 睡着
      • go作为系动词的例子
        • go hungry
        • go mad
        • go bad
        • go crazy
        • go sour
        • go wrong
        • go作为系动词，一般用于贬义
      • come作为系动词，一般用于褒义
        • Hope your dreams will come ture.
        • The dream has come true.
        • come right 纠正了，正确了。
    • 表示主语保持某种状态的
      • 比如：continue,remain,stay,keep,hold,rest和prove等
      • 例句：
        • He has fallen into the habit of doing morning exercises to stay healthy.
        • If you don't stay busy,you die.I don't want to die right now. 如果你不辛勤忙碌，就等于死亡。我可不想现在就死去。
        • You man rest assured that he will come to the party. 经管放心，他会来参加聚会的。
        • The weather continued fine for several days.
        • He held silent for the whole day.
    • 近似于不及物动词的系动词
      • 有：sit,act,arrive,blush,marry,die和be born等
      • 例句：
        • Jane Austin died a spinster.
        • He died a hero's death.
        • Lei Feng died young.
        • Lei Feng worked hard.
        • He used to be very rich,but died poor.
        • He died a local company manager. 他死的时候是一家公司的经理。
        • Don't act stupid. 别装傻。
        • Don't act stupidly. 别笨手笨脚的。
        • I acted foolish. 我当时只是故意装傻。
        • I'm ashamed I acted foolishly.
        • All men are created equal. equal修饰All men
        • I was born a leader.
        • The boy blushed scarlet. 这孩子羞红了脸。
        • I married young.
  • 简单句叠加成复杂句
    • Vitamins are organic compunds. 维生素是一种有机化合物。
    • Vitamins are organic compunds necessary for the normal growth of life. 形容词短语，来后置修饰名词compunds.
    • Vitamins are organic compunds necessary for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals,including man.
    • Vitamins are organic compunds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals,including man.
• 句型二：主语+谓语
  • 谓语动词的特点
    • 该句型的谓语动词是不及物动词，所表示的动作没有作用对象，其本身意思完整。
    • 例句：
      • The egg hatched.
      • The little eagle grew up.
      • It clucked and cackled.
      • 谓语动词后面往往会接状语，用来修饰谓语动词。
        • An eagle's egg was placed in the nest of a prarie chicken.
        • It scratched in the dirt for seeds. 地点状语 目的状语
  • 简单句叠加成复杂难句
    • This trend began during the Second World War.
    • This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to this conclusion. 定语从句，这个定语从句是一个"主语+谓语+宾语"的句型。 主语 谓语 宾语
    • This trend began during the Second World War,when sever governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
    • This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
• 句型三：主语+谓语+宾语
  • 谓语动词的特点
    • 该句型的谓语动词是及物动词，这种动词告诉我们由主语发出的动作所作用的对象是什么， 这个“所作用的对象”就是宾语。
    • 例句：
      • But the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. 但是不简便的方法就意味着你自己得双膝跪地，然后用双手把杂草连根拔除。
      • They are looking for one-minute solutions to everything.
      • Just like instant coffee,they want instant happiness.
      • They are not quick fixes.This attitude leads to disappointment.
  • 简单句叠加成复杂难句
    • The emphasis helped to obscure the great importance. 这种强调模糊了这一重要性。
    • The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen helped to obscure the great importance. 分词短语given by both scholars and statesmen,做后置定语，表明谁在强调
    • The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance. 介词短语，补充说明主语emphasis
    • The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance of changes in the conditions and consequences of international trade.
    • The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance of changes in the conditions and consequences of international trade that occurred during the second half of the nineteenth century.
• 句型四：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
  • 谓语动词的特点
    • 该句型的谓语动词是双宾动词，这种动词后面所接的成分有人又有物。一般来讲，这里的“人”表示动作的接收者，称作间接宾语； “物”表示动作作用的对象，是动作的承受者，称作直接宾语。
    • 例句：
      • He showed the guard his passort. 间接宾语 直接宾语
        • 对于这个句型，一般可以进行这样的改写，即把直接宾语提前置谓语后面，然后添加介词to或for， 再把间接宾语放在介词后面。
        • =He showed his passort to the guard.
      • I am going to buy her a gift.
        • =I am going to buy a gift for her.
    • 选择介词for还是to，取决于谓语动词。
      • 通show一样，当间接宾语后移时，间接宾语前需带介词to,表示间接宾语是动作的接受者。这样的动词 有：assign,award,bring,deliver,deny,feed,give,grant,hand,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,promise,post,read, recommend,sell,send,show,take和write等。
      • 同buy一样，当间接宾语后移时，间接宾语前须带介词for。这样的动词有：book,buy,build,change,choose, cook,fetch,find,get,keep,make,order,prepare和sing等等。
      • 有个别动词只用于“主语+动词+间接宾语(+直接宾语)”的结构，而不用介词来替换。这样的动词有：charge, cost和bet等等。
        • I'll bet you ten dollars.
        • The repairman charged me ten dollars. 修理工收了我10块钱。
      • 此外，还有更特殊的动词(如ask)当间接宾语后移时，间接宾语前需带介词of.
        • Can I ask you a question?=Can I ask a question of you?
        • I have a question to ask of you.
        • I have a big favor to ask of you.
  • 简单句叠加成复杂句
    • Her work won her the Nobel Prize in 1983.
    • Her work in genetics won United States scientist Barbara McClintock the Nobel Prize in 1983. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 时间状语
• 句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
  • 谓语动词的特点
    • 该句型的谓语动词是宾补动词，这种动词后面接宾语，而此宾语后又接补充说明宾语的补足语。
    • 常见的带复合宾语的动词有:appoint,believe,call,choose,consider,declare,elect,feel,keep,leave,let,make, name,nominate,prove,see,suppose和vote等等。
    • 例句：
      • I very much hope that this new medium will make my Christmas message more personal and direct. 宾语 宾语补足语
      • A hedge between keeps friendship green. 保持距离，友谊长青。
      • They appointed John chairman.
      • I believe him to be true.
      • The chairman declared the meeting over.
      • You can leave the door open.
  • 区分双宾语和复合宾语
    • 在宾语后面加上be动词，若能构成一个语义通顺的句子，即是补足语。
    • 例句：
      • I made John our chairman.
      • I made John a cake.
      • She will make him a good husband. 她会把他变成一个好丈夫的。
      • She will make him a good wife. 她会成为他的好妻子的。
  • 简单句叠加成复杂难句
    • Willa Cather considered this noved her best work.
    • Willa Cather considered her novel of life in nineteenth-century Nebraska,My Antonia her best work.