形容词和形容词词组

《新编英语语法教程》第24讲，形容词和形容词词组。教学目的:了解形容词的分类;掌握形容词的用法及功能 教学重点:形容词的用法 教学难点:形容词的位置

形容词和形容词词组

• 形容词分类
  • 结构
    • 单词形容词
      • 自由词素:tall，big
      • 自由词素➕affix:unkind
    • 复合形容词
      • 数词➕名词:three-day ocean-going hand-made
  • 句法功能
    • 中心形容词
    • 外围形容词
  • 词汇意义
    • 动态形容词:brave，patient，calm，faithful，obstinate，shy，serious，trouble，tidy，witty，kind
    • 静态形容词:tall，short，big，ugly，deep，blue，white
    • 等级形容词（有比较级＆接受强调词修饰）: tall taller tallest beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
    • 非等级形容词
      • 由名词转化而来的形容词，表示类别，来源，出处的形容词 : atomic scientist（原子科学家）French food Chinese carpet
      • perfect，excellent，extreme （因本身已有“极度”含义）
• 形容词与分词
  • 由-ing分词转化来的形容词 : absorbing, alarming, amusing, annoying, astonishing. Borrowing challenging, changing, charming, comforting, confusing, convincing. Demanding, disappointing, discouraging, disturbing. embarrassing.Entertaining, exacting, exciting. Fascinating. Insulting, interesting inviting, lasting missing.Policing pricing promising puzzling. Refreshing, shocking, surprising.terrifying.worrying
  • 由-ed分词转化来的形容词 : Alarmed, amazed, amused, balanced. Ford. Appointed distinguished divided, educated, embarrassed, excited, exhausted, fascinated, frightened, hurried. Interested, limited noted shocked undressed.unexpected unclassified.
  • 主动意义 和 被动意义: boilling water boiled water (沸腾的水) (煮开了的水) a chaming girl a charmed girl (迷人的姑娘) (着了魔法的姑娘) exciting news an excited audience (振奋人心的消息) (兴奋激昂的听众) an interesting story an interested look (有趣的故事) (带着感兴趣的样子) a pleasing voice a pleased look (悦耳的嗓音) (满意的表情) a trrifying story a ternified woman (令人恐怖的故事) (感到惊恐的妇女)
• 形容词词组的构成
  • 1.形容词带宾语 ( object of the adjective )。 形容词+宾语( worth，afraid) : I'm afraid so. 形容词+介词词组: Ann is afraid of snakes. 形容词+ 不定式(短语) : Are you willing to help? 形容词+that从句: I am convinced that he is innocent.
  • 2.形容词带状语 副词、名词(词组) +形容词(表示程度) : very old buildings 形容词+介词词组(表示原因、范围、 对象等) : She lookedsurprised at seeing me. 形容词+ 不定式(短语) (表示原因、范围、结果等) : Annisnot yet strong enough to travel. 形容词+that从句(用在表示心境和情绪的形容词后，表示原因): I'm sorry (that) I broke your pen.
• 形容词词组的用法
  • 形容词词组作名词修饰语
    • 1.形容词(词组)的前置: ①同一级别按长短 ②不同层次的前置形容词词序排列:限定词(前、中、后位) --- 表示说话人评价的形容词---表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词---表示颜色的形容词---表示国别、来源、材料的形容词---表示用途或目的的形容词、名词等类别词---名词中心词。 E.g. the man′s first two interesting little red French oil paintings
    • 2.形容词。(词组)的后置: The headword is a some-/any-/no compound; Adjectives with a prepositional phrase or an infinitive as complementation; With some adjectives, their position in the noun phrase is determined by the noun they modify. E.g. the people involved/ concerned/ interested
  • 形容词词组作补语
    • 补语形容词主要有两类: 一类 是表示健康状况的词(adjective denoting health conditions) E.g. He's very well. You look ill. 另--类是以前缀a-开首的词，不能单独做前置修饰语(adjectiveswith a- as prefix) : E.g. The two brothers are very much alike. I was alone in the house. He was asleep. Predicative adjectives (补语形 容词) cannot be placed before a noun as premodifier, but can be so when they are modified by an adverb, eg: a fast asleep child (✔) an asleep child (✖) 1. adjective + prepositional phrase : He was absent form the meeting. I'm not yet accustomed to the cold. 2. adjective+to-infinitive : She is stupid not to follow your advice. =It is stupid of her not to follow your advice. He is impossible to teach.=It is impossible to teach him. 3. adjective +that-clause I'm sure that we'll succeed. I'm glad that you like it. I found him careless. I found the cottage very delightful. 以上2例中为形容词(词组)作宾语补语。
  • 形容词词组作状语
    • 1.修饰形容词表示程度。 Cathy is wearing a dark blue dress. Mrs Brown has reached a good(=very) old age. 2.修饰动词(词组)，表示动作发生时主语或宾语的状态。 Drink it hot(=when it is hot). Most of vegetables are eaten raw(=when they areraw). 3.修饰整个句子，表示时间、原因、结果、让步、伴随状况等，多是状语从句省略的结果。 Ripe, these apples are sweet. He dropped on the rock, dead.
• 能否用于: (动🉑静不
  • 动词be开首的 祈使句:Be patient！✔Be tall✖
  • 使役结构:I persuaded her to be generous.✔ I persuaded her to be pretty.✖
  • 进行时:She is being in witty.✔ She is being beautiful.✖