导图社区 英汉思维模式对比思维导图
对于英汉思维翻译进行描述,简单易懂,主要从直觉思维、理性思维等方面分别进行了概述,有助于帮助您熟悉知识要点,加强记忆。
编辑于2021-06-15 08:39:08英汉思维模式对比
分析性思维
英美人倾向于分析性思维,从部分到整体,强调个体的独立性。
我望着你的背影,心里安慰地想:父亲还很康健呢。《梦》 Looking at you from behind, I inwardly consoled myself with the thought that father was still hale and hearty.
我想不到我在很短的时间以后就会失掉你,失掉这一切。 I did not have the slightest inkling that you together with everything else would in a moment vanish out of sight.
他并不躺在晴空下享受阳光,却在暗夜里燃起火炬,给人们照亮道路,使他们走向黎明。 Instead of basking in the sunshine under a clear sky, he holds a burning torch in the darkness of night to illuminate peoples way so that they can continue their journey till they see the dawn of a new day.
客体思维
英语具有主客体分离,以分析性思维为主。英语严格按照句法组句,主语地位突出。
台上坐着主席团。 The presidium was seated on the platform.
买不起别买. Don't buy if you cannot afford it
这儿沙滩闪烁,松林掩映,远山连绵, 自有一种心旷神怡的气氛。 Its gleaming sands and backdrops of pinewoods anc distant hills give it a pleasant and restful atmosphere.
理性思维
英语的理性思维方式在语言上表现为句式整齐,行文严谨,各分句之间环环相扣,整个句子呈现放射状核心结构。
到处是给太阳晒得懒洋洋的风,不像搅动屋里沉闷的那样有生气。就是鸟语,也似乎琐碎而单薄,需要屋里的寂静来做衬托。我们因此明白,春天是该镶嵌在窗子里看的,好比画配了框子。 Outside the sunslothed breeze blows everywhere, but it is not so lively as that which stirs the gloominess inside the house. Even the chirping of the birds sounds so thin and broken that the quietness of the house is needed to set it off. It seems that spring was always meant to be put behind a windowpane for show, just like a picture in a frame.
春天从窗外进来,人在屋里坐不住,就从门里出去,不过屋子外的春天太贱了!到处是阳光,不像射破屋里阴森的那样明亮; As spring comes in through the windows, so people-unable to bear staying inside any longergo outdoors. The spring outside, however, is much too cheap, for the sun shines on everything, and so does not seem as bright as that which shoots into the darkness of the house.
又是春天,窗子可以常开了, It is spring again and the window can be left open as often as one would like.
直线思维
在语言上就表现为英语比较直接和明确,直接切入主题然后交代相关内容,在句式上是前重心(front weight),头短尾长。
请将回信寄到中华人民共和国上海市淮海路1001号55号楼604房间王刚先生收。Please write back to Mr. Wang Gang, Room 604, Building 55, Number 1001, Huaihai Road, Shanghai, PRC.
10年后的一天,我在法国里昂的一家咖啡馆遇到了我的老同学。 I happened to come across my university schoolmate ten years later at a café in Lyon, France.
Trageties can be witen in literature since there is tragedy in life. 生活中既然有悲剧,文学作品中就可以写悲剧。
认知性思维
英语的大部分概念意义相对确定和单纯。
他吃完饭去了学校。 He finished his meal and went to school.
There are no eggs or tomatoes in the fridge. 冰箱里没有鸡蛋和西红柿。
这是一场朝气蓬勃的演出。 It was a performance of verve and vitality.
精确性思维
英语喜用静态描写,一般较常用名词、动名词,较少使用谓语动词,或者用其他手段表示运动意义的倾向。
老师让我帮助小刚学习。 The teacher asked me to help Xiao Gang with his lessons.
小偷抢了钱包拔腿就跑。 The thief snatched my purse and immediately took his heels.
他疲惫不堪,天气也越来越炎热,于是他下决心一碰到舒适的阴凉处就坐下休息。 His weariness and increasing heat determined him to si t down in the first convenient shade.
模糊性思维
汉语喜欢用动态描写,大量使用动词,经常使用兼语式或者连动式。
老师让我帮助小刚学习。 The teacher asked me to help Xiao Gang with his lessons.
小偷抢了钱包拔腿就跑。 The thief snatched my purse and immediately took his heels.
他疲惫不堪,天气也越来越炎热,于是他下决心一碰到舒适的阴凉处就坐下休息。 His weariness and increasing heat determined him to si t down in the first convenient shade.
意向性思维
汉语中没有冠词,提到名词时数词经常省略,句子和没落的关联更多地依靠内在的意义和逻辑来实现,还有汉语的许多概念具有不确定性。
冰箱里没有鸡蛋和西红柿。 There are no eggs or tomatoes in the fridge.
他吃完饭去了学校。 He finished his meal and went to school.
这是一场朝气蓬勃的演出。 It was a performance of verve and vitality.
曲线思维
汉语则迂回曲折,先交代周围环境或者情况,然后再集中到主要对象,在句式上是后重心(end weight),头长尾短。
Trageties can be witen in literature since there is tragedy in life. 生活中既然有悲剧,文学作品中就可以写悲剧。
请将回信寄到中华人民共和国上海市淮海路1001号55号楼604房间王刚先生收。Please write back to Mr. Wang Gang, Room 604, Building 55, Number 1001, Huaihai Road, Shanghai, PRC.
10年后的一天,我在法国里昂的一家咖啡馆遇到了我的老同学。 I happened to come across my university schoolmate ten years later at a café in Lyon, France.
直觉思维
汉语的直觉思维方式在汉语上的表现主要是句子之间的跳跃性大,中间缺乏形式上的联系,使汉语的句式和行文具有流动性特点,呈现流动结构。
又是春天,窗子可以常开了, It is spring again and the window can be left open as often as one would like.
春天从窗外进来,人在屋里坐不住,就从门里出去,不过屋子外的春天太贱了!到处是阳光,不像射破屋里阴森的那样明亮; As spring comes in through the windows, so people-unable to bear staying inside any longergo outdoors. The spring outside, however, is much too cheap, for the sun shines on everything, and so does not seem as bright as that which shoots into the darkness of the house.
到处是给太阳晒得懒洋洋的风,不像搅动屋里沉闷的那样有生气。就是鸟语,也似乎琐碎而单薄,需要屋里的寂静来做衬托。我们因此明白,春天是该镶嵌在窗子里看的,好比画配了框子。 Outside the sunslothed breeze blows everywhere, but it is not so lively as that which stirs the gloominess inside the house. Even the chirping of the birds sounds so thin and broken that the quietness of the house is needed to set it off. It seems that spring was always meant to be put behind a windowpane for show, just like a picture in a frame.
主题思维
由于汉语倾向主体思维和整体性思维特点。因此,汉语的行文和组句往往围绕主题展开,主语不明显。
买不起别买. Don't buy if you cannot afford it
台上坐着主席团。 The presidium was seated on the platform.
这儿沙滩闪烁,松林掩映,远山连绵, 自有一种心旷神怡的气氛。 Its gleaming sands and backdrops of pinewoods anc distant hills give it a pleasant and restful atmosphere.
整体性思维
中国人倾向于整体思维,从整体到部分,强调整体定位,整体和部分关系和谐统一。
我想不到我在很短的时间以后就会失掉你,失掉这一切。 I did not have the slightest inkling that you together with everything else would in a moment vanish out of sight.
我望着你的背影,心里安慰地想:父亲还很康健呢。 Looking at you from behind, I inwardly consoled myself with the thought that father was still hale and hearty.
他并不躺在晴空下享受阳光,却在暗夜里燃起火炬,给人们照亮道路,使他们走向黎明。 Instead of basking in the sunshine under a clear sky, he holds a burning torch in the darkness of night to illuminate peoples way so that they can continue their journey till they see the dawn of a new day.