导图社区 英美文学
这是一个关于英美文学的思维导图,包含包含早期文学、中世纪、文艺复兴时期文学、浪漫主义时期等。
编辑于2023-12-13 22:43:05英美文学
早期文学 (5世纪-1066)
产生 (5世纪中叶)
作品
重要事件
中世纪 (1066-1485)
文学类型
重要事件
文艺复兴时期文学 (15世纪后期-17世纪初)
Renaissance
定义
Revival of interests in classical culture ( ancient Greece and Rome)
intellectual and cultural movement
14th-16th cen. Italy
特点
复兴classical literature
关注human life
代表
Dante
Divine Comedy 神曲
Petrarch
Father of Humanism
Boccaccio
Decameron 十日谈
核心keynote
Humanism
Find man
Promote learning
English Renaissance (14-17 cen.)
时期
pan-European Renaissance
历史事件
Hundred Years' War with France
The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485)
Tudor Dynasty (1485-1603)
历任君主
Henry Tudor (Henry Ⅶ)
founder
the fall of Plantagenet
the ending of Middle English
Henry Ⅷ
the Protestant Reformation
breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church
political movement in a religious guise
生平
Marry (Bloody Marry)
Counter-Reformation
Married to Catholic
burning of protestants
Edward Ⅵ
1st monarch--Protestant
Elizabeth Ⅰ (Virgin Queen)
tools
unmarried
compromise on religious problem
繁荣
a period of stability and internal peace
an age of great exploration for England
one of the most splendid ages in English literature
重要事件
The Enclosure Movement (15世纪末-17世纪)
Commercial Expansion 16th cen.
War with Spain (1587)
Spanish Armada
阶段(3)
Stage 1
Mark: Modern English
引入printing
William Caxton
代表:Thomas More
作品:Utopia
特点:conversation
social conditions of England
an ideal society--Utopia
内容-
From everyone according to his capacity
To everyone according to his needs
Stage 2
代表
John Done
John Milton
William Shakespeare
地位
summit of English Renaissance
one of greatest writers
生平
Warwickshire
local grammar school
Marriage,1582
the lost years
upstart crow
the great globe
the peak of his career (the beginning of the 17th century)
a shrewd businessman
final years and death, April 23, 1616
创作阶段
Stage 1 1590-1594 (Apprenticeship)
特点:
Youthfulness
Rich imagination
exaggerated language
optimistic atmosphere
Stage 2 (1595-1600)
特点 period of development
more artistic plot
great comedies;
作品:喜剧
仲夏夜之梦
威尼斯商人
第十二夜
皆大欢喜
一报还一报
Stage 3 (Peak of his career)
特点:
full of gloom and depression
reflect social contradictions of the time
作品 (四大悲剧)
哈姆雷特
类型
revenge tragedy
背景
late medieval period
Denmark
基调
dark, melancholy
ironic
violent
经典独白soliloquy
奥赛罗
李尔王
麦克白
Stage 4 (1608-1612)
特点:
restored serenity--peace
light, magic, music reconciliation and romance
作品
暴风雨
Francis Bacon
地位
第一位English essayist
生平
神学院
律师学院
作品
professional专著,关于法律
purely literary
Essays论说文集
of studies
most impressive display of Bacon's intellect
landmark in the development of English prose
三部分
Function of Study
Method of study
Benefits of study
特点
修辞手法
elliptical sentence
Parallelism
Analogy
philosophical
The advancement of Learning 《学术的进展》
a pioneering essay in support of empirical philosophy经验哲学
知识分两类
divine revelation
working of human mind
New Instrument 《新工具》
Methodology
inductive method of reasoning归纳法
deductive method of learning推理演绎法 亚里士多德的方法论
特点
a flowering of literature
drama 最为繁荣 16C末全盛
Stage 3
启蒙运动/新古典主义时期文学 (1660-1798)
Enlightenment
定义
progressive intellectual movement
enlighten the whole world
核心
reason, rationality, equality and science
代表
physicists
Newton
philosophers
Voltaire
Rosseau
Montesquieu
English Enlightenment
时期
harmony to conflicts
monarch vs parliament
parties
religious problems
两大革命
Glorious Revolution
Industrial Revolution
阶段
Stage 1 (The Age of Reason)
代表
Stage 2 (The Age of Novel)
代表
Daniel Defoe
地位: Father of English Novel
生平: multiple identities
merchant
spy/secret agent
writer
作品
Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记
1st-person narration
Samuel
地位:epistolary form书信体
sentimentalist novelist
生平
作品
Pamela
Henry Fielding
地位: founder of realistic novel
生平
作品
Tom Jones
3rd-person narration
Stage 3 逐渐开启(The Age of Poem)
代表
Thomas Gray
Elegy written in a Country Graveyard 墓园哀歌
Graveyard School
Gothic writing
特点
mystery
drama
gloom
suspense
terror
作品
The Castle of Ortranto 奥特兰城堡
Horace Warpole
Sentimentalism
marks the midway transition from neo-classicism to romanticism
浪漫主义时期 (1798-1832) The Age of Poem
现实主义时期文学
多产作家
38 plays
154 sonnets
themes: love, beauty, time, friendship, bitter satire of the social evils
sonnet 18
rich in figurative language, rhetorical devices central to the expression of the theme
structure
4 stanzas of 14 lines
rhyme scheme 韵律
abab cdcd efef gg
metrical form 格律
iambic pentameter
rhetorical devices 修辞手法
themes 主题
2 long poems
Middle Ages
find God
Prove preconceived ideas