最强英语学术写作东南大学

整理了东南大学的英语学术写作的考试重点内容, 旨在培养学生的英语学术写作能力,帮助学生在初步掌握写作技巧的基础上把学术论文写得更加规范,为毕业论文的写作及今后学术研究打下坚实基础。

考点

• 1.可能问题
  • 0.可能考的单词
    • 1.调查
      • investigate
    • 2.招募
      • recruit
    • 3.完成
      • accomplish
    • 4.给出
      • provide
    • 5.分析
      • analyse
  • 1.人称代词使用
    • 1.不能使用第一人称
      • 1.My reading has shown that-- According to the literature reviewed
      • 2. I also found that/I think that直接去掉
      • 3.We need to know--It must be found out
    • 2.不能使用第二人称,改用被动语态
    • 2.第三人称: 别性别歧视,he/she
  • 2.it的使用
    • 可做形式主语,一定要有明确指代才行
  • 3.动词/形容词都名词化更正式
  • 4.句子规范
    • 1.不能使用缩写 won't--will not
    • 2.更正式的否定形式
      • 1.not . . . any —> no
      • 2.not . . . much —> little
      • 3.not . . . many —> few
    • 3.不能使用 etc等等,改为 and other...
    • 4.不能使用you,改为被动形式
    • 5.不能使用直接问句
      • What can be done to lower costs? —> We now need to consider what can be done to lower costs. We now need to consider how costs may be lowered.
    • 6.句子太短或者缺少连接词时,要加上连接词
      • 通常改为定语从句,非限制定语从句,两个句子加when,and连接
  • 5.三种不同文内引用方式
    • 1.Information prominent citation
      • 强调内容而非作者,作者往往放在最后
    • 2.Author prominent citation
      • 强调作者,作者往往放在最前面
    • 3.Weak author prominent citation
      • 没有指明了具体的人,只用了有几个人,在最后给出作者
  • 6.三种避免剽窃plagiarism方式 (可能考填空)
    • 0.词和句式都要改写
    • 1.Quoting引用
    • 2.Paraphrasing译文
      • 译文和原文差不多长,甚至比原文还长
    • 3.Summarizing概括
      • 概括较短
  • 7.method section包含内容
    • 必须包含的两个部分是materials和procedure
  • 8.result and discussion
    • 1.The purpose of comparison: to show similarities
    • 2.The purpose of contrast: to show differences
    • 0.描述步骤
      • 1.介绍表格信息和最主要的趋势,包括时间/地点/内容/目的
      • 2.描述相关的最重要的数据,需要的话可以作比较
      • 3.总结数据/趋势
    • 1.多用when从句,定语从句,非限制性定语从句
    • 2.关于--with respect to
    • 3.然而--whereas
    • 4.考虑到--regarding/considering
    • 5.一般来说--in general
  • 8.conclusion
    • 0.一篇文章中,被动结构占主导地位
    • 1.摘要summary和限定词limitation中的动词大部分都是用过去式
    • 2.implication and recommendation用一般现在时
    • 3.如果施动者是任意的或者不认识的,通常使用被动语态
  • 9.reference
    • 1.IEEE格式
      • 字母.作者,"文章名"in书名,出版社城市,国家如果不是美国:出版社缩写,年份,pp.xxx-xxx
    • 2.MLA格式
      • 作者last name,first name.书名.出版地方:出版人,出版年份.出版媒介.
  • 常用替换
    • just like--as well as
    • go to school--being at school
• 2.名词改写
  • 1.increase--increase
  • 2.verify--verification核实
  • 3.establish--establishment
  • 4.assist--assistance
  • 5.discover--discovery
• 3.更正式形式
  • 1.短语改为动词
    • 1.bring about--create
    • 2.do over--repeat
    • 3.come up with--create
    • 4.pick up--detect发现,检测
    • 5.meet with--encounter
  • 2.句子改写
  • 3.加连接词
  • 4.段落改写
  • 5.人称代词
  • 6.名词化
  • 7.句子释义

英语学术写作 4,5,6重点

• 0.题型
  • 1.单选题、匹配题、排序题、判断题、填空题等
  • 2.改写题
• 1.Academic Writing Style
  • 1.学术写作特点
    • objective,complex,formal structure,referencing引用
  • 2.Language Focus
    • 1.Word Choice
    • 2.Formal Grammar and Style
      • 1.Avoid contractions缩略
        • won't = will not
      • 2.Use the more appropriate formal negative forms否定形式
        • 1.not . . . any —> no
        • 2.not . . . much —> little
        • 3.not . . . many —> few
      • 3.Limit the use of "run on" expressions, such as "and so forth" and "etc."
        • etc = and other...
      • 4.Avoid addressing the reader as "you".
        • 改为被动形式
          • You can see the results in Table 1.-> The results can be seen in Table 1.
      • 5.Limit the use of direct questions
        • What can be done to lower costs? —> We now need to consider what can be done to lower costs. We now need to consider how costs may be lowered.
    • 3.Linking Words and Flow
      • 1.Tips for linking - Using 'This' Or 'lt'; Using 'which' or 'that'
  • 3.Academic Writing Skills
    • 1.Recognizing识别 Different Styles
    • 2.Choosing Appropriate Styles
  • 核心
    • 1.人称代词使用
      • 1.不能使用第一第二人称,改用被动语态
      • 2.第三人称: 别性别歧视,he/she
    • 2.it的使用
      • 可做形式主语,一定要有明确指代才行
    • 3.动词/形容词都名词化更正式
• 2.Research Proposal 研究计划
• 3.Introduction & Literature Review
  • 1.Typical Ingredients 成分
    • 1.a statement of the importance of the subject
    • 2.mention of previous work on the subject
    • 3.a justification理由 for dealing with the subject
    • 4.a statement of your objectives目标
    • 5.a statement of the limitations of the work
    • 6.a mention of some of the differing viewpoints on the subject
    • 7.a definition of the topic being discussed
  • 2.Tense in Citation 引文时态
    • 1.simple present tense
      • used to cite other authors' ideas, relate what other authors say or discuss the literature文献, theoretical concepts, methods, etc.
    • 2.Simple past tense
      • used to particulars for recounting叙述 events, results found or a preceding generalizations先前的概括, or the basis for a claim, etc..
    • 3.Present perfect tense
      • used to state that the research results are recent, expressing what has been found over an extended period in the past and up to the present to highlight the direct relevance of previous studies to the writer's own research.
  • 3.Citing Verbs
    • 1."Neutral"中立的 citing verbs
      • show,point out,state,reveal,mention
    • 2."Tentative'试探的 citing verbs
      • suggest,imply,recommend
    • 3."Strong' citing verbs
      • argue,claim,deny,support,strongly believe that
  • 4.Citing Previous Research
  • 5.Avoiding Plagiarism剽窃
    • 1.Quoting
    • 2.Paraphrasing 改写
    • 3.Summarizing
    • 4.The main difference between paraphrasing and Summarizing
      • 1.A summary is much shorter than an original passage
      • 2.Aparaphrase is almost as long as or even longer than the original passage.
• 4.Methodology Description
  • 1.Sequential Markers
    • 1.To begin with..., First of all...
    • 2.Secondly..., Next..., After that..., In addition
    • 3.Finally..., Lastly...
  • 2.information elements
    • Of all the information elements in this list, the only items that are always included in the method section are materials and procedure.
  • 3.Ordering Methodology Elements
• 5.Results & Discussion
  • 1.时态和语态
    • 1.When describing actions or situations that happened in the past，or expressing actions that follow each other，the simple past tense is normally used.
    • 2.A majority of verbs in summary摘要 and limitation限定词 sections are in the past.
    • 3.The simple present tense ismore common in implication and recommendation sections.
    • 4.Passive voice is normally used if the agent is arbitrary任意的,or not known
• 6.Research Conclusion
  • 1.写作技巧
    • 1.summarising the findings
      • 1.These findings suggest that in general ......
    • 2.significance of the findings
      • 1.These findings enhance our understanding of ......
    • 3.limitations of the research
      • 1.Finally, a number of limitations need to be considered.First，......
    • 4.recommendations for further research
      • 1.These findings provide the following insights for future research .....
    • 5.Implications / Recommendations
      • 1.The current study has a number of important implications for future practice.
• 7.Abstract & Documentation
• 8.Acknowledgements&submission