美国文学

考试自用美国文学资料！超全美国文学知识梳理，一起学习，知识全面详细，干货满满，现在不收藏，还在等什么呢。

美国文学

• Trascendentalism
  • Transcendentalism
    • Placed the Oversoul as the most important thing
    • Stressed the importance of the individual
    • Offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God
    • Things in nature tended to become symbolic, and the physical world was a symbol of the spiritual
  • Author
    • Ralph Waldo Emerson
      • Journal
        • the Dial
      • Other works
        • Essays: First Series
        • Essays: Second Series
        • Poems
        • Nature
          • the Bible of New England Transcendentalism
        • Representatie Men
        • Conduct of life
        • May Day and Other Poems
        • Society and solitu
    • Henry David Thoreau
      • Walden(Life in the Woods)
        • 瓦尔登湖
    • Relations
      • Emerson: a great thinker Thoreau: a great experimentalist
    • Nathaniel Hawthorne
      • The Scarlet Letter
        • 
      • The House of the Seven Gables
      • Collection of short story
        • Twice-Told Tales
        • Mosses from an Old Manse
    • Herman Melville
      • 赫尔曼 维尔梅尔
      • Work
        • Typee
          • 泰比
        • Omoo
          • 欧缪
        • Mardi
          • 玛地
        • Redburn
          • 雷得本
        • White Jacket
          • 白外衣
        • Pierre
          • 皮埃尔
        • Billy Budd
          • 比利 巴德
        • Clarel
          • 克拉莱尔
        • Moby-Dick
          • 白鲸
    • Allan Poe
      • Short story
        • Horror
          • The Fall of the House of User
          • The Black Cat
          • The Cask of Amontillado
          • Ligeia
            • 莉盖亚
        • Ratiocination
          • The Purioined Letter
            • 被窃的信件
      • Poem
        • The Raven
          • 乌鸦
          • Symbol of his dark doubts and frutrated longing
        • Annabel Lee
          • 安娜贝尔丽
        • The Sleeper
          • 睡美人
        • A Dream Within a Dream
          • 梦中梦
        • To Helen
        • Israfel
          • 伊斯拉斐尔
        • Bell
          • 钟
        • Sonnet-To Science
          • 十四行诗--致科学
        • The City in the sea
          • 海中的城市
    • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
      • Famous Poem
        • A Psalm of Life
          • 人生礼赞
        • The Courtship of Miles Standish
          • 迈尔斯 史坦迪什求婚
        • The Song of Hiawatha
          • 海华沙之歌
        • Evangeline
          • 伊凡吉林
        • Hyperion, A Romance
          • 海波林
      • Collection of Poem
        • Vioce of the Night
          • 夜吟
        • Ballads and Other Poems
          • 歌谣及其他
        • Poems on Slavery
          • 关于奴隶制的诗篇
      • Drama
        • The Spanish Student
        • Dante's Divine Comedy
• Literature in 20th century
  • Jazz Age
    • describe the period of 1920s and 1930s, the years between WWI and WWII
    • with the rise of the great depression, the values of this age saw much decline
  • The Lost Generation
    • Lost means disoriented, wandering, directionless
  • Imagism
    • Definition
      • A type of poetry that uses claear and direct statement in order to put an exact picture in the reader's head
    • Author
      • Ezra Pound
        • Poetry
          • A Lume Spento
            • 灯火熄灭之时
          • The Cantos
            • 诗章
          • Personae
            • 人物
          • Collected Early poems of Ezra Pound
            • 庞德的诗章
          • In a Station of the Metro
            • 在地铁站
      • Robert Frost
        • Poetry
          • the Road not taken
          • Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
      • Edwin Arlington Robinson
        • Richard Cory
          • 理查德 科里
        • Miniver Choevy
          • 米尔弗 契维
      • Carl Sandburg
        • 卡尔 桑德堡
        • Fog
          • 雾
        • The Chicago Race Riot
          • 芝加哥诗歌
      • Wallace Stevens
        • 华莱士 史蒂文斯
        • The Emperor of Ice-cream
          • 冰淇淋皇帝
        • Anecdote of the Jar
          • 坛子轶闻
        • Sunday Morning
          • 星期日早晨
        • The Necessary Angel
          • 必要的天使
      • Eugene O'Neil
        • 尤金 奥尼尔
        • The Hairy Ape
          • 毛猿
      • Francis Scott Fitzgerald
        • 弗 司哥特 菲茨杰拉德
        • The Great Gatsby
        • This side of Paradise
          • 天堂的另一面
        • Tender is the Night
          • 夜色温柔
        • Tales of the Jazz Age
          • 爵士乐时代的故事
      • Ernest Hemingway
        • The Sun Also Rises
          • 太阳依旧升起
        • the Old Man and the Sea
        • A Farewell to Arms
          • 永别了，武器
        • Hemingway Code Hero
          • who wounded but strong more sensitive, enjoys the pleasures of life in face of ruin and death and maintain, through some notion of a code, an ideal of himself
      • T.S Eliot
        • The Waste Land
        • The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock
      • William Faulkner
        • The Sound and The Fury
          • 喧哗与骚动
        • As I Lay Dying
          • 我弥留之际
        • Light in August
          • 八月之光
        • Absalom, Absalom
          • 押沙龙，押沙龙
        • Go Down, Moses
          • 去吧， 摩西
        • A Rose for Emily
          • 献给艾米莉的玫瑰
• Realism
  • The Characteristics of American Realism
    • American realists renders reality closely and in comprehensive detail
    • American realists selectively present the reality with an emphasis on verisimilitude, even at the expense of a well-made plot
    • Character is more important that action and plot; his or her complex ethical choices are often the subject. Characters appear in their real complexity of temperament and motive. They are in explicable relation to nature, to each other, to their social class, and to thier own past.
    • Class is important. The novel has traditionally served the interests and aspirations of middle class.
    • Events are usally plausible. Realistic novels avoid the sensational, dramatic elements of naturalistic novels & romances.
    • Diction is natural vernacular, not heightened or poetic; tone being comic, satiric, or matter-of-fact
    • Objectivity in presentation becomes increasingly important: overt authorial comments or intrusions diminish as the century progresses
  • Author
    • Walt Whitman
      • Leaves of Grass
        • 草叶集
        • Extol transcendent power of love, brotherhood, and comradeship
        • Express the ideals of democracy and equality
        • Advocate the realization of the individual value
      • Song of Myself
        • 自我之歌
      • I Sit and Look Out
        • 坐观世间
        • Show the poet's attitudes towards pains and evils in the world
      • O Captain, My Captain!
        • 船长,我的船长
      • When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom
        • 当紫丁香最近在天井里开花的时光
      • I hear America Singing
        • 我听见美国在歌唱
    • Emily Dickinson
      • Poetry
        • I Died for Beauty—— But Was Scarce
          • Reveal that beauty and truth are the same
        • I'm Nobody
          • Expresses her desire to be pleased to be nobody, reflecting her pessimistic ideas of standing aloof from worldly affairs
          • It discusses the weakness of human beings
        • Because I could not stop for Death
        • The imagination
    • Harriet Beecher Stowe
      • 哈丽叶特·比切·斯托
      • Uncle Tom's Cabin
        • The Cabin's symbolizes "Family"
    • Mark Twain
      • Work
        • The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
        • Life on the Mississpi
        • Running for Governor
        • Autobiography
          • 马克吐温自传
        • A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court
          • 康州美国佬大闹亚瑟王朝
        • The Gilded Age
        • The Million Pound Note
      • Language
        • Famous for his humor and satire
        • used the artistic style of hyperbole
        • made his writing full of allegories that lay behind the humor
    • O'Henry
      • Work
        • Cabbages and Kings
          • 白菜与国王
        • The Four Million
          • 四百万
        • The Gift of Magi
          • 麦琪的礼物
        • The Last Leaf
          • 最后一片叶子
        • The Ransom of Red Chief
          • 红色酋长的救赎
        • The Cop and the Anthem
          • 警察和赞美诗
        • The Furnished Room
          • 带家具出租的房间
        • Roads of destiny
          • 命运之路
    • Henry James
      • Novel
        • The Portrait of a Lady
          • 贵妇画像
        • Daisy Miller
          • 黛西米勒
        • international theme
          • A large international background between Europe and America
          • the confrontation of the two cultures, two groups of people, and two value systems
        • What Maisie Knew
          • 梅西所知道的
        • The Turn of the Screw
          • 螺丝在拧紧
        • childhood and adolesence
        • The Ambassadors
          • 奉使记
        • The Wings of Dove
          • 鸽翼
        • international theme
        • The Bostonians
• American Romanticism
  • Romanticism
    • Expression of "a real new experience"
    • Puritanism as a cultural heritage
    • Being full of "newness"
    • Being both imitative and independent
  • Author
    • Washington Irving
      • 华盛顿 欧文
      • Father of American literature
      • Short story
        • Sketch Book
          • 见闻札记
    • Jame Fenimore Cooper
      • The Pioneer
      • The Last of the Mohicans
• Colonial-America
  • John Smith(The First American writer)
    • An English soldier of fortune
    • Famous explorer and colonist
    • Establisher of Jamestown
  • Anne Bradstreet
    • 安妮 布拉德斯特里特
    • A Puritan poet
    • Work
      • Contemplation
        • 沉思录
  • American First writers
  • The literature of Reason and Revolution
    • Political conditions
      • British government took measure to ensure the colony's dependence
      • War for Independence
      • The formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic
    • Ideology conditions
      • Enlightenment
    • Influences of American Puritanism
      • "God helps those who help themselves"
    • Background
    • Benjamin Franklin
      • Work
        • The Autobiography
          • 自传
        • Common Sense
          • 常识
        • The American Crisis
        • Rights of man
          • 人权论
        • Poor Richard's Almanack
          • 穷理查年检
    • Thomas Jefferson
      • Work
        • The Declaration of Independence
          • 独立宣言
    • Philip Freneau
      • Father of American Poetry
      • Poetry
        • The Wild Honey Suckle
          • 野金银花
        • The House of Night
• Three world master
  • O' Henry
  • Maupassant
    • 莫泊桑
  • Chekhov
    • 契诃夫