大学英语- 思维导图

这是一篇关于大学英语刘炜然 思维导图，每个词汇后面都通过注释的形式，补充了词汇的中文意思以及英文解释。

a computer system

1. hardware

硬件 physical parts that make up a computer system

1.1. central processing unit(CPU)

中央处理器 the brain of the computer ; execute program instructions ; coordinate the activities of all the other units

1.1.1. control unit

控制单元 examines the instructions in the user's program interprets each instruction and causes the circuits and the rest of the components to execute the functions specified

1.1.2. arithmetic logic unit(ALU)

算术逻辑单元 performs mathematical calculations and logical operations

1.1.3. register

寄存器 high-speed units of memory used to store and control data

1.2. main memory

主存储器 holds the instructions and data

1.2.1. random access memory(RAM)

存取存储器 RAM is volatile, which means information is lost when the computer is turned off.

1.2.2. read only memory(ROM)

只读存储器 ROM is non-volatile,containing instructions and routines for the basic operations of the CPU

1.3. peripherals

外围设备/外接设备 socket into which an external device may be connected

1.3.1. input devices

输入设备 make data to go into the computer's memory

1.3.1.1. microphone

麦克风 receives sound and converts it into an electrical signal

1.3.1.2. webcan

网络摄像头 capture images and videos

1.3.1.3. camera

相机 capture images and records videos； used for video calls； taking photos； recording videos and monitoring

1.3.1.4. keyboard

键盘 type in words； input text,number and various commands

1.3.1.5. drone

无人机 Drone, also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or unmanned aerial vehicle, is a type of unmanned aerial vehicle operated by radio remote control equipment or its own program control device.

1.3.1.6. touchscreen

触摸屏 Add a layer of sensing film to the display screen, and gently touch the screen with fingers or other pen shaped objects to enable electronic computers to perform operations

1.3.1.7. graphics tablet

绘图板 A drawing board is an application or tool that can be used to draw and edit vector graphics, traditional drawing, or any image on the screen.

1.3.1.8. handwriting pen

手写笔 The emergence of handwriting pens is for inputting Chinese, and users do not need to learn other input methods to easily input Chinese

1.3.1.9. light pen

光笔 Light pen, an input device of an electronic computer, used in conjunction with a display. Sensitive to light, shaped like a pen, often connected to the host via cables. You can perform drawing and other operations on the screen.

1.3.1.10. English translation

英语翻译器 Using computer programs to translate English into another language

1.3.1.11. fax machine

传真机 A fax machine is a communication device that applies scanning and photoelectric conversion technology. It can convert still images such as files, charts, and photos into electrical signals and transmit them to the receiving end for recording and copying.

1.3.1.12. mouse

鼠标 direct the cursor

1.3.1.13. drawing board

画板 A canvas, also known as a canvas, refers to a blank workspace on which users can draw, insert images, and graphics

1.3.1.14. digital board

数位板 A digital board is a type of computer peripheral, also known as a digital board, graphics board, LCD board, etc. Its main function is painting and handwriting input 3. It usually consists of a tablet and a stylus or stylus, with sensors on the tablet that can sense the position and pressure of the stylus or stylus, thereby transferring handwritten or drawn content to the computer

1.3.1.15. game controller

游戏手柄 Game controller is a common component of electronic game consoles, which controls virtual characters in games by manipulating its buttons, etc

1.3.1.16. scanner

扫描仪 A scanner is a scientific instrument that can be used to detect and analyze the shape and appearance data of objects or environments in the real world.

1.3.1.17. magnetic card reader

磁卡读取器 The magnetic stripe reader can be connected to any computer or terminal with an RS232 serial port, used to read and write magnetic stripe information on magnetic cards or passbooks. Magnetic card reader is a device used for reading magnetic card information

1.3.1.18. bar code reader

条形码阅读器 A barcode reader is a special type of scanner that recognizes specific barcodes and converts them into recognizable information.

1.3.2. output devices

输出设备 to extract the finished product from the system

1.3.2.1. display/monitor

显示器 display data

1.3.2.1.1. CRT(cathode ray tube)monitors

阴极射线管显示器

1.3.2.1.2. TET(thin film transistor)monitor

薄膜晶体管显示器

1.3.2.1.3. DLP(digital light processing)monitor

数字光处理显示器

1.3.2.1.4. Plasm Screen monitor

等离子屏幕显示器

1.3.2.1.5. LCD(liquid crystal display)monitors

液晶显示器

1.3.2.1.6. LED(light-emitting diodes)monitors

发光二极管显示器

1.3.2.1.7. Touchscreens monitor

触摸屏显示器

1.3.2.1.8. OLED(organic light-emitting diode)monitor

有机发光二极管显示器

Different Types of Monitors

1.3.2.1.9. resolution

分辨率 Resolution refers to the number of pixels per inch or screen length in an image or video

1.3.2.1.10. pixel

像素 Pixels are the basic units that make up digital images, usually composed of small squares of the image that have clear geographical locations and assigned color values

1.3.2.1.11. refresh rate

刷新率 The refresh rate is the number of times the screen updates images per second. This value is usually expressed in Hertz ^ (Hz ^) units.

1.3.2.1.12. screen size

屏幕尺寸 Screen size refers to the diagonal size of the screen, which is a standard measure of screen size. Screen size is usually expressed in inches by the length of the diagonal

1.3.2.1.13. response time

响应时间 Response time refers to the time interval between the receipt of input data or requests by a system or component and the production of corresponding output results.

1.3.2.1.14. lifespan

使用寿命 The useful life, also known as natural life in economics, refers to the time it takes for an item to be new until it becomes completely unusable.

1.3.2.1.15. aspect radio

宽高比 Aspect ratio refers to the ratio between the width and height of a video image.

1.3.2.1.16. colour depth

色深 Color Depth, also known as bit depth, is a unit used to represent the number of colors in digital images in bits

Parameter indicators of display screens

1.3.2.2. printer

打印机 convert electronic documents , images , or other types of data into physical files

1.3.2.3. speaker

扩音器、喇叭 amplify he sound signal

1.3.2.4. earphone

耳机 convenient 、portable、private、and with sound isolation effect

1.3.2.5. projector

投影仪 project images or videos onto a screen or other surface

1.3.2.6. sound

音响 A sound system specifically refers to a set of audio systems that combine electrical equipment to produce sound.

1.3.2.7. plotter

绘图仪 A device that can draw graphics or images on paper, film, or thin film

1.3.2.8. radio

收音机 A radio is an electronic device used to receive radio broadcasts. It can receive radio waves propagating through space and convert them into sound signals, allowing users to receive programs from different broadcasting stations

1.3.2.9. 3D printer

3D 打印机 A 3D printer is a printer that can print three-dimensional objects.

1.3.2.10. VR glasses

虚拟现实眼镜 VR glasses, also known as VR headsets or virtual reality headsets, are devices that use headsets to block the user's visual and auditory perception of the outside world, thereby guiding the user to experience the sensation of being in a virtual environment

1.3.3. storage devices

存储设备 storage of both data and programs

1.3.3.1. hard drives

硬盘驱动器 section that holds programs and data while they are executed or processed

1.3.3.2. DVD drives

DVD驱动器 A DVD drive, also known as a CD player or optical drive, is a machine used to read and write the content of a CD.

1.3.3.3. flash drives

闪存驱动器 A USB flash drive is a miniature high-capacity portable storage product that uses a USB interface and does not require a physical drive. It uses flash memory as the storage medium

2. software

软件 a set of instructions/program

3. motherboard

主板 Motherboard, also known as motherboard, system board, logic board, motherboard, motherboard, etc., is the central or main circuit board that constitutes complex electronic systems such as electronic computers.

3.1. processor

处理器 the brain of the computer ; execute program instructions ; coordinate the activities of all the other units

3.2. memory chip

内存芯片 A storage chip, also known as a memory, is an electronic device used to store binary data. Its main function is to save information and maintain data after a power outage.

3.3. expansions slot

扩展槽 Expansion slots, also known as expansion slots, are slots in a computer used to secure expansion cards and connect them to the system bus.

3.4. controller

控制器 The computer controller is the neural center of a computer, commanding the automatic coordination of various components in the entire machine. Under the control of the controller, the computer can automatically perform a series of operations according to the programmed steps to complete specific tasks.

connected by buses

总线 Bus likes a electrical channels which allow devices inside the computer to communicate with each other.

4. desktop

台式机 A desktop computer is composed of an independent computer host, an independent computer keyboard, and an independent computer monitor.

5. laptop

笔记本电脑 Laptop, abbreviated as laptop, also known as "portable computer, laptop, handheld computer, or laptop", is characterized by its compact body.

6. PDA

掌上电脑 A handheld computer is a mobile electronic device that utilizes handheld devices to implement operating system and network functions, and supports mobile applications.

7. tablet PC

PC机 A PC is a personal computer, which refers to a computer that is suitable for personal use in terms of size, performance, and price, and is directly controlled by the end user.

8. mainframe

主机 In the field of computer science, the host refers to the main body of a computer, excluding input and output devices, and is also used to place the motherboard and other major components in the control box

different types of computer

9. the operation process of a computer

9.1. input

输入 data is collected and entered

9.2. storage

存储 files and programs are held on disk

9.3. output

输出 the results are shown on the monitor or in print form

10. binary code

二进制代码 computers do all calculations using a cod made of just two number--0 and 1

10.1. binary digit

二进制数 0 or 1

10.1.1. bit(b)

比特，位 1 or 0

10.1.2. Byte(B)

字节 8 bits

10.1.3. Kilobyte(KB or K)

千字节 1024 bytes

10.1.4. Megabyte(MB)

兆字节 1024 KB or 1048576 bytes

10.1.5. Gigabyte(GB)

吉字节 1024 MB or 1073741824 bytes

10.1.6. Terabyte(TB)

太字节 1024 GB or 1099511627776 bytes

PS：1.每个词汇后面都通过注释的形式，补充了词汇的中文意思以及英文解释 2.整个思维导图各分支都按照层次逐级添加了编号 3.输入输出设备部分通过标签的形式，以“传输媒介”为分类进行了批注