虚拟语气

这是一篇关于虚拟语气的思维导图，虚拟语气可以用来表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情，它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

虚拟语气

语气的种类

陈述语气

表示动作或状态符合事实

Trees turn green in spring .

The yellow leaves are falling in the autumn wind.

The moon is peeping through the window at the sleeping girl .

祈使语气

表示号召、命令、请求、警告、禁止等。

Let me help you .

Do drop in to see me .

Stand by and do nothing .

虚拟语气

表示对动作的假设或推测。即表示与事实相反的或发生可能性很小的动作。

I wish I were a white cloud in the sky.

Mother told me to put on the sweater lest I should catch a cold.

Not to be moved by the sight would require a heart of stone .

虚拟语气在条件句中的使用

与现在事实相反

条件从句 【if主语+动词过去式（be动词的过去式用were）】

结果主句 【主语+would/should/might/could等+动词原形】

副主题

与将来事实相反

条件从句 【A式：一般过去式】 【B式：were +不定时】 【C式：should+动词原形】

结果主句 【would/should/might/could等+动词原形】

必须把这三个形式背下来

与过去事实相反

条件从句 【if+主语+had+过去分词】

结果主句 【主语+would/should/might/could等+have+过去分词】

虚拟语气在条件句中的使用

副主题

与现在事实相反

He wouldn't feel so cold if he were indoors.

I am sorry I am busy just now. If I had time , I would certainly go to the movies.

If they treated me as a slave, I had to resign.

If wishes were horses , beggars might ride.

与将来事实相反

If he were here this evening, we would play cards.

If she were to marry Jack , she would be happy.

If he should have enough money, he would buy the whole building for his wife.

If it snowed tomorrow , I would stay at home .

与过去事实相反

If we hadn't made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful .

The flood would have caused great damage to the local people if the reservoir hadn't been built.

If his advice had been good, it would have been accepted.

If ha had known it , he would have told me .

虚拟条件句谓语可用进行时， 表示“如果...正在..."

If she were living a hard life, we should be responsible for it .

If human being s were not killing each other , we could be living a happy life.

If you hadn't been studying so hard, you might have failed the exam.

条件句中有were，had，should，could时，可以省略if， 把were，had，should，could置于主语前形成倒装句。

Were it necessary, I might change my job.

Had you informed me earlier,I wouldn't have assigned the contract.

Should I have time ,I would call on aher .

Could you meet Mary, you should not be able to recognize her .

虚拟语气主句除陈述句外，还可以是疑问句或祈使句。

If she had everything, would she not be happy?

If he had owned the whole world, how happy he would have been !

If you were man enough , don't give up .

If you should need help, please tell me .

If you gave up the plan, what should I do ?

错综时间条件句： （虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不同，选用适当的虚拟形式）

Had I taken my umbrella with me this morning , I should not be wet now.

If I were you , I wouldn't have missed the film last night .

If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now .

If the ship had left at noon it would be passing through the canal now.

If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour.

If you hesitated this moment, you migh suffer in future.

If Marry should arrive today, she must have started three days ago.

隐含条件虚拟句 【用的是跳层的或间接的方式表示深层次的条件】 常用于这种情况下的词有：with,without, but for,or, but, otherwise, even, in case of , what if（如果...将如何）等

But for your help, we couldn't have succeeded.

They wouldn't have reached the agreement so easily without that common ground. (共同立场）

Under such circumstances i would probably have done the same.

I would do so in your place.

Given more time ,I would do it better .

I would have been deceived even in his place.

Cooked a little longer, the meat would be more delicious.

用于动词wish后的宾语从句中

与现在事实相反， 【用过去式[be用were】

I wish she were here zt the moment.

I wish I studied better than any other student in my class.

I wish he did best in everything that he wants to .

与将来事实相反， 【用would，should，could，might等+动词原形】

I wish you wouldn't be so nervous.

He wished she might do better next time.

he wishes that she would be the happiest girl in this world.

与过去事实相反， 【用had+过去分词或would/could/might等+have+过去分词】

I wish she had taken my advice.

I wish I had never seen her.

Sophia wished that she could have solved the problem all by herself.

if only 和would that后用虚拟语气结构. 意为;"要是...就好了“

If only she had known where to find you.

If i could speak several foreign languages.

Would that I had seen her before she died.

谓语动词用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望， 用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。

Would that I were young again .

If only he were more cautious.

虚拟语气用在 suggest,order,demand 等后的宾语从句中

在propose, command,request, desire, insist, require,decide, promise, arrange,ask(要求），determine, recommend,advise,intend,prefer,direct, 等这些表示态度的动词后的宾语从句中。[should +动词原形】

They intended that the news (should) be suppressed.

He advised that the doctor (should ) be sent for .

Sometimes she would suggest that I should be saving some of the money.

She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.

用在advice, demand,order 等名词后的主语从句、表语从句 和同位语从句中

这样的名词有;advice，demand,order,necessity,decision, proposal, requirement,suggestion, recommendation,preference,request,motion, desire等。 谓语用动词原形或should+动词原形

The demand is that the assignment should be handed in today.

He issued the order that the troops ( should ) withdraw at once.

It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year.

Their suggestion that a treaty (should ) be signed was put forward by a young boy .

虚拟语气用在 necessary,important 等后的从句中

形容词important, necessary, urgent,essential, appropriate, desirable, insistent,vital, advisable,preferable,proper, 等词后的句子谓语为[should] +动词原形

It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made.

It is essential that the program (should）be loaded into computer.

She was anxious that he rdaughter (should) be taken good care of .

表示惊讶， 懊悔，失望 等感情的形容词用法同上。 含义为：”居然，竟然“

这样的词还有;amazing，odd,strange, surprising,astonishing, annoying, upsetting,embarrassing,discouraging, disoppointing,incredible, tragic,a pity, a shame, 等。

It is amazing that he should have learned so much in such a short time .

I am surprised that he should have been so rude to you .

It is incredible that Jane should have finished her paper so soon.

It was astonishing that she should have kept the secret from her husband all through their lives.

It is strange that he should speak ill of his brother.

It is（high，about）time 后的句子中（谓语动词用过去时）

It is high time that we were off.

It is time that we went to school .

It is time that somebody taught you to behave yourself.

It is quite time she should wash her clothes. (should不省略）

用在as if/though引出的表语从句 或让步状语从句中。 表示与现在相反用过去时； 表与过去相反用过去完成时； 表将来相反用过去将来时。

He talks as if he knew all about it .

She looks as if he were seriouly ill.

I felt as though we had known each other for years.

He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself.

用在would rather/would sooner后的句子中， 谓语用过去式。

I'd rather you paid money yourself.

I would sooner she painted the wall green next time .

I"d rather she had done that .

I would sooner you didn't do anything about it for the time being .