虚拟语气

这是一篇关于虚拟语气的思维导图，虚拟语气可以用来表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情，它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

虚拟语气

• 语气的种类
  • 陈述语气
    • 表示动作或状态符合事实
    • Trees turn green in spring .
    • The yellow leaves are falling in the autumn wind.
    • The moon is peeping through the window at the sleeping girl .
  • 祈使语气
    • 表示号召、命令、请求、警告、禁止等。
    • Let me help you .
    • Do drop in to see me .
    • Stand by and do nothing .
  • 虚拟语气
    • 表示对动作的假设或推测。即表示与事实相反的或发生可能性很小的动作。
    • I wish I were a white cloud in the sky.
    • Mother told me to put on the sweater lest I should catch a cold.
    • Not to be moved by the sight would require a heart of stone .
• 虚拟语气在条件句中的使用
  • 与现在事实相反
    • 条件从句 【if主语+动词过去式（be动词的过去式用were）】
      • 结果主句 【主语+would/should/might/could等+动词原形】
  • 副主题
  • 与将来事实相反
    • 条件从句 【A式：一般过去式】 【B式：were +不定时】 【C式：should+动词原形】
      • 结果主句 【would/should/might/could等+动词原形】
        • 必须把这三个形式背下来
  • 与过去事实相反
    • 条件从句 【if+主语+had+过去分词】
      • 结果主句 【主语+would/should/might/could等+have+过去分词】
• 虚拟语气在条件句中的使用
  • 副主题
    • 与现在事实相反
      • He wouldn't feel so cold if he were indoors.
      • I am sorry I am busy just now. If I had time , I would certainly go to the movies.
      • If they treated me as a slave, I had to resign.
      • If wishes were horses , beggars might ride.
    • 与将来事实相反
      • If he were here this evening, we would play cards.
      • If she were to marry Jack , she would be happy.
      • If he should have enough money, he would buy the whole building for his wife.
      • If it snowed tomorrow , I would stay at home .
    • 与过去事实相反
      • If we hadn't made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful .
      • The flood would have caused great damage to the local people if the reservoir hadn't been built.
      • If his advice had been good, it would have been accepted.
      • If ha had known it , he would have told me .
• 虚拟条件句谓语可用进行时， 表示“如果...正在..."
  • If she were living a hard life, we should be responsible for it .
  • If human being s were not killing each other , we could be living a happy life.
  • If you hadn't been studying so hard, you might have failed the exam.
• 条件句中有were，had，should，could时，可以省略if， 把were，had，should，could置于主语前形成倒装句。
  • Were it necessary, I might change my job.
  • Had you informed me earlier,I wouldn't have assigned the contract.
  • Should I have time ,I would call on aher .
  • Could you meet Mary, you should not be able to recognize her .
• 虚拟语气主句除陈述句外，还可以是疑问句或祈使句。
  • If she had everything, would she not be happy?
  • If he had owned the whole world, how happy he would have been !
  • If you were man enough , don't give up .
  • If you should need help, please tell me .
  • If you gave up the plan, what should I do ?
• 错综时间条件句： （虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不同，选用适当的虚拟形式）
  • Had I taken my umbrella with me this morning , I should not be wet now.
  • If I were you , I wouldn't have missed the film last night .
  • If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now .
  • If the ship had left at noon it would be passing through the canal now.
  • If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour.
  • If you hesitated this moment, you migh suffer in future.
  • If Marry should arrive today, she must have started three days ago.
• 隐含条件虚拟句 【用的是跳层的或间接的方式表示深层次的条件】 常用于这种情况下的词有：with,without, but for,or, but, otherwise, even, in case of , what if（如果...将如何）等
  • But for your help, we couldn't have succeeded.
  • They wouldn't have reached the agreement so easily without that common ground. (共同立场）
  • Under such circumstances i would probably have done the same.
  • I would do so in your place.
  • Given more time ,I would do it better .
  • I would have been deceived even in his place.
  • Cooked a little longer, the meat would be more delicious.
• 用于动词wish后的宾语从句中
  • 与现在事实相反， 【用过去式[be用were】
    • I wish she were here zt the moment.
    • I wish I studied better than any other student in my class.
    • I wish he did best in everything that he wants to .
  • 与将来事实相反， 【用would，should，could，might等+动词原形】
    • I wish you wouldn't be so nervous.
    • He wished she might do better next time.
    • he wishes that she would be the happiest girl in this world.
  • 与过去事实相反， 【用had+过去分词或would/could/might等+have+过去分词】
    • I wish she had taken my advice.
    • I wish I had never seen her.
    • Sophia wished that she could have solved the problem all by herself.
• if only 和would that后用虚拟语气结构. 意为;"要是...就好了“
  • If only she had known where to find you.
  • If i could speak several foreign languages.
  • Would that I had seen her before she died.
    • 谓语动词用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望， 用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。
  • Would that I were young again .
  • If only he were more cautious.
• 虚拟语气用在 suggest,order,demand 等后的宾语从句中
  • 在propose, command,request, desire, insist, require,decide, promise, arrange,ask(要求），determine, recommend,advise,intend,prefer,direct, 等这些表示态度的动词后的宾语从句中。[should +动词原形】
  • They intended that the news (should) be suppressed.
  • He advised that the doctor (should ) be sent for .
  • Sometimes she would suggest that I should be saving some of the money.
  • She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.
• 用在advice, demand,order 等名词后的主语从句、表语从句 和同位语从句中
  • 这样的名词有;advice，demand,order,necessity,decision, proposal, requirement,suggestion, recommendation,preference,request,motion, desire等。 谓语用动词原形或should+动词原形
  • The demand is that the assignment should be handed in today.
  • He issued the order that the troops ( should ) withdraw at once.
  • It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year.
  • Their suggestion that a treaty (should ) be signed was put forward by a young boy .
• 虚拟语气用在 necessary,important 等后的从句中
  • 形容词important, necessary, urgent,essential, appropriate, desirable, insistent,vital, advisable,preferable,proper, 等词后的句子谓语为[should] +动词原形
  • It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made.
  • It is essential that the program (should）be loaded into computer.
  • She was anxious that he rdaughter (should) be taken good care of .
• 表示惊讶， 懊悔，失望 等感情的形容词用法同上。 含义为：”居然，竟然“
  • 这样的词还有;amazing，odd,strange, surprising,astonishing, annoying, upsetting,embarrassing,discouraging, disoppointing,incredible, tragic,a pity, a shame, 等。
  • It is amazing that he should have learned so much in such a short time .
  • I am surprised that he should have been so rude to you .
  • It is incredible that Jane should have finished her paper so soon.
  • It was astonishing that she should have kept the secret from her husband all through their lives.
  • It is strange that he should speak ill of his brother.
• It is（high，about）time 后的句子中（谓语动词用过去时）
  • It is high time that we were off.
  • It is time that we went to school .
  • It is time that somebody taught you to behave yourself.
  • It is quite time she should wash her clothes. (should不省略）
• 用在as if/though引出的表语从句 或让步状语从句中。 表示与现在相反用过去时； 表与过去相反用过去完成时； 表将来相反用过去将来时。
  • He talks as if he knew all about it .
  • She looks as if he were seriouly ill.
  • I felt as though we had known each other for years.
  • He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself.
• 用在would rather/would sooner后的句子中， 谓语用过去式。
  • I'd rather you paid money yourself.
  • I would sooner she painted the wall green next time .
  • I"d rather she had done that .
  • I would sooner you didn't do anything about it for the time being .