英语语法思维导图

这是一篇关于英语语法思维导图，主要内容包括：不定式，动名词，过去分词，现在分词，非谓语动词。

中心主题

• 非谓语动词
• 现在分词
  • 含义
    • 主动+进行
      • 主动
        • doing
        • having done
      • 被动
        • being done
          • The problem being discussed now has sth. to do with us. （now暗示正在进行）
          • The building being built is our library.
        • having been done
          • Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。
          • Having been told to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to return to his village.
      • 否定形式
        • not doing / not having done
      • 独立主格
        • Time permitting, I will finish another lesson.
  • 句子成分
    • 定
      • 定语
        • an inspiring speech
    • 表
      • 表语
        • The dirty street is disgusting.
    • 补
      • 宾补
        • 感官动词
          • feel, find, hear, keep, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch
          • 例
            • I could feel the wind blowing on my face. 我能感到风迎面吹来
        • 使役动词
          • have, leaves, keep, set
          • 例
            • He kept them working all day. 他让他们整天干活。
    • 状
      • 状语
        • 原因
          • Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him. =Since I don't know his address, I can't...
        • 时间
          • Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. (＝When they heard the news, they ...)
        • 条件
          • Working hard, you will succeed. (=If you work hard, you will succeed)
        • 让步
          • Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. (=Although they know all this ...)
        • 伴随 方式
          • I stood there, listening to the broadcast. (=I stood there and listened to the broadcast.)
        • 结果
          • His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
• 过去分词
  • 含义
    • 被动+完成
      • done
        • The problem discussed yesterday has sth. to do with us. （yesterday暗示已讨论完成）
        • He is a teacher respected by all.
  • 句子成分
    • 定
      • 定语
        • the inspired audience
    • 表
      • 表语
        • All the windows are broken. 相当于形容词
    • 补
      • 宾补
        • I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
    • 状
      • 状语
        • 原因
          • Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. (=Because he was caught in a heavy rain，he...)
        • 时间
          • Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. (= When the city is seen from the tower ...)
        • 条件
          • Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. ( If these seeds are grown in rich soil，...)
        • 让步
          • Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. (= Even if he was laughed by many people ...)
        • 伴随 方式
          • The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students. (=The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by ...)
  • 记忆口诀
    • 分词作状语，主语是关键
      • 逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。
    • 主语找出后，再来判关系
      • 主动用-ing，被动用-ed，
    • Having done ，表先后
      • 千万要牢记
• 动名词
  • 现在分词 VS 动名词
    • a sleeping bag
      • a bag used for sleeping
        • 用途、功能
    • a sleeping child
      • a child who is sleeping
        • 动作正在进行
• 不定式
  • 一般
    • to be written
    • to write
    • 与谓语动词的动作同时发生 或之后发生（将来）
    • We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。
    • The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。
  • 进行
    • to be writing
    • 动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生
    • The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。
  • 完成
    • to have been written
    • to have written
    • 动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前
    • I happened to have seen the film. 我碰巧看过这部电影。