导图社区 情态意义表示
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英语语法,情态意义表示,专四考点,为学习者提供了一个全面而深入的英语语法学习平台。帮助学习者在考试前快速回顾和巩固所学知识。
英语语法情态意义表示法一情态动词本身具有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语,用以表示说话人对动作或状态的看法或主观设想。
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情态意义表示
表示
预见
(古)“will/shall+不定式“表示单纯将来
shall一般用于第一人称;will一般用于第二、三人称
(现)will可用于一切人称表示“将来”
非正式语体中,will更是常用于第一人称主语
推测
should
They should be home by now(他们现在大概到家了)
ought to
They ought to be home by now(他们现在大概到家了)
must
They must be home by now(他们现在一定到家了)
will/would
对特定事态的推测(若用would则口气不够肯定,但仍指现在时间)
That would be George,I expect(我想大概是乔治)
对某种习惯性事态的推测,用will指现在习惯,用would指过去习惯,均不重读
Mary will work all day without a rest(玛丽常常全天不停地工作)
对某些不受时限的客观过程的推测,只用will表示现在时间,可与一般现在时的类似用法交替使用
Oil will float on water(油总是浮于水面)
命令
语气
简单生硬
command/order/instruct/must/be to
You must be back before dark
He commanded/ordered/instructed his men to come early
You are to write your name at the top of each sheet of paper
客气婉转
request/ask/suggest/invite
He asked the men to come early
语调
高音调再·加个please会有不耐烦的语气
Come here please
祈使句
Please be more patient
禁止
forbid/prohibit
I forbid you the use of my computer
不完全句
No smoking
mustn't
You mustn't play foodball in the park
be not to
You're not to enter my room without knocking
拒绝
will not(重读)
I won't do it
would not(重读)
They wouldn't accept your offer
也可用refuse、reject、decline等词
I wouldn't refuse help to an old man
胆敢
dare
情态助动词
通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句
I dare not go here
例外:I dare say (我想,我恐怕)
多用现在时,可作现在时间与过去时间,否定形式daren't可作过去时间
Tom wanted to come,but he daren't
主动词
通常用于疑问句和否定句,随后不定式可带to也可不带to
He doesn't dare(to) answer
过去式dared通常只用于文学语言等正式语体,也还是用于否定意义
Nobody dared lift their eyes from the ground
需要
need
只用于否定句和疑问句
He needn't worry about it
以need作情态助动词提问
答语是肯定的,用must
答语是否定的,需用needn't
询问对方是否“需要”“必须”做某事,可用need或must
答语若为否定的,得用needn't或don't have to,不能用mustn't
其他
Should
在某些语境中不表具体意义,仅表话语中的感情色彩,如惋惜、欢欣等(称为putative should)
It's unbelievable that he should be working so hard
在某些惯用的疑问句和感叹句中也是如此
How should I know?(我怎么会知道呢)
That he should dare to attack me!(想不到他竟敢攻击我)
还可在某些语境中与be-型虚拟式交替使用
I insisted that he go/should go with me
在一些状语分句中也不带具体的情态意义
He ran away lest he should be found by people
还可以与say和think搭配表示婉转语气
I should think your approach is correct
Would
在特定语境中表示婉转口气
I don't think he would be so careless
还可用于客气请求
What would you advise me to do
可用于委婉建议
Wouldn't it be better for us to start off a little earlier tomorrow morning