Cambridge IGCS Chemistry Coursebook 2023 Chapter 15 知识点整理

这是一篇关于Reactivity of metals的思维导图，主要内容包括：Metal displacement reactions，The metal reactivity series。

Reactivity of metals

• The metal reactivity series
  • Reactivity: the ease with which a chemical substance takes part in a chemical reaction
  • Reactivity series (of metals): an order of reactivity, giving the most reactive metal first, based on results from a range of experiments involving metals reacting with oxygen, water, dilute hydrochloric acid and metal salt solutions
  • Establishing the basis of a reactivity series
    • Reactions with water
      • From most reactive to least reactive: Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, copper, silver, gold
    • Reactions with dilute acids
      • magnesium
        • strong reaction, bubbles of gas, magnesium disappears, colourless solution formed
          • Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
          • Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) → MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)
      • aluminium
        • slow to react in cold, but bubbles form on heating, aluminium disappears, colourless solution formed
          • 2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3Н2(g)
          • 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) → Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3Н2(g)
      • zinc
        • bubbles of gas, zinc disappears, colourless solution formed
          • Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
          • Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
      • iron
        • bubbles of gas, iron disappears, pale-green solution formed
          • Fe(s) + 2HCl(aq) → FeCl2(aq) + H2(g)
          • Fe(s) + H2SO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + H2(g)
      • metal + acid → a metal salt + hydrogen
• Metal displacement reactions
  • Displacement reaction: a reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a solution of its salt
  • Displacement as a redox reaction
    • • oxidation is the loss of electrons • reduction is the gain of electrons.
  • An overview of metal reactivity
    • K -> Na -> Ca -> Mg -> Al -> (C) -> Zn -> Fe -> (H) -> Cu -> Ag -> Au
    • The most reactive metals are the most powerful reducing agents, giving electrons to other ions or compounds.