语法-形容词

这是一篇关于语法-形容词的思维导图，主要内容包括：特殊结构，定义：用来修饰名词，说明事物或者人的状态，性质，特征的词，总结，形容词做定语在句中的位置，形容词在句中的作用。

语法-形容词

• 形容词在句中的作用
  • 做定语
    • 置于被修饰词（名词）的前面
      • Friendship is the golden thread that ties the hearts of all the world.
  • 做表语
    • 置于系动词的后面，不要放在动词后
      • Who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
    • 做表语时候不能用人做主语的词。 convenient 方便的difficult 困难的necessary 必要的possible 可能的
      • eg:if it is convenient (adj)for sb to do sth
      • if it is convenient for you. 在您方便的时候at your convenience.
  • 做宾补
  • 以ly结尾的形容词
    • • friendly 友好的• silly 愚蠢的• likely 可能的• lovely 可爱的• lively 生动有趣的• elderly 年长的• deadly 致命的• brotherly 兄弟般的
  • -ing与-ed的用法
    • 主动：a boring man 一个（令人感到）无聊的男人
    • 被动： a bored man 一个男人感到无聊
    • his tired voice。劳累的声音（自身）
    • his tiring voice。这个声音听了后令人感到劳累（使人）
• 形容词做定语在句中的位置
  • 形容词修饰名词可以分为前置和后置，长度等于一个单词放前面，大于一个单词放名词后面。
  • 单个形容词修饰名词时
    • a开头的一类形容词,即使长度等于一个单词也要放在名词后。
      • alive; alike; awake; aware; asleep
      • He is the most famous scientist alive in the world today
    • something等复合不定代词，形容词放在后面。eg:anyone else。something inportant
      • There is nothing wrong with the machine.
    • 有些形容词做定语可以做前置定语也可做后置定语，含义不同
      • concerned 忧心忡忡的；有关的
        • 当忧心忡忡的时候放在名词前面
        • 当有关的放在名词后面
        • You may skip through a book ,reading only those passages concerned.
      • involved 复杂难懂的；相关的，有关联的
        • 复杂难懂的放在名词前面充当前置定语
        • 有关的当后置定语
        • The concerned headmaster will talk to the students involved.
  • 多个独立的形容词修饰名词时候
    • 观点形容词在前，主观离得远good; lovely；beautiful; handsome; comfortable
    • 描绘形容词在后，客观离得近red；round；wooden
    • 离核心名词越近限定越强，观点形容词+描绘形容词
    • 口诀：美小圆旧黄，中国木书房
      • “美"代表“描述类"。 “小"代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类"。 “圆"代表“形状类"。 “旧”代表“新旧、年龄类”。 “黄"代表“颜色类"。 “中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类”。 “木''代表“物质、材料、质地类"。 “书"代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类"。 “房"代表“中心名词“
    • 形容词后置的情况
      • 形容词短语
        • • a typical mistake • a mistake typical of beginners of English • the popular songs • the songs popular in the 1970s
        • They have a house larger than yours.
        • I know an actor suitable for the part.
        • Many brave soldiers willing to volunteer.形容词短语
        • The boys easiest to teach were in my class.
      • 后置定语高级用法
        • parents eager to support their children不是完整句。形容词短语做后置定语更高级。想要完整句就加are
        • 一件与你的夹克类似的夹克
          • a jack similar to yours.形容词短语后置。非完整句
          • a jack which is similar to yours.从句
          • a jack is similar to yours. 有了系动词，意思就变了，我的夹克和你的夹克类似。
    • 形容词罗列也可以后置，放在被修饰名词的后面，并用逗号隔开。
      • He bought a set of furniture, simple and beautiful.
• • 形容词的原级比较用法
    • as+形容词原级+as 和.....一样
      • My uncle looks just as young as he was ten years ago.
    • not...so/as +形容词原级+as 和……不一样
      • He is not as/so bright as he looks.
      • It is not so easy as in dealing with adults.
  • 形容词的比较级
    • than的比较级
      • A+be+比较级+than+B
      • 在than的前面必须有形容词或者副词的比较级形式，被比较的两个对象应该是同类事物：This question is less difficult than that question
    • more and more 越来越
      • 不可用在单音节词前，不能重复使用形容词或副词。两个比较级之间用and连接，不是公式
        • more and more beautiful（正确）• more beautiful and more beautiful（错误）
        • fatter and fatter （正确） more and more fat（错误）
        • • The city is becoming more and more beautiful. • That female singer is getting fatter and fatter.
    • 形容词的比较级前面可以用表示程度的词或者短语进行修饰
      • a bit, a little bit, a little, a lot, a great deal, any, even, far ,much, very much, no, rather, slightly
      • • Are you feeling any better? • Things are no better than before. • He makes far fewer mistakes in spellings than before.
    • 有些词一般不用来修饰比较级
      • very, many, quite
      • • My girlfriend is very older than me.把very改成much
    • 比较用法的文化差异
      • • less impressive 差极了 • I have had worse. 我更糟 • He is not the most handsome man.丑极了 • Being romantic is not his biggest advantage.一点都不浪漫（浪漫不是他最大的优点）
    • 否定意义的词+比较级=最高级的意思
      • 否定意义的词：few,nothing,never
      • It couldn't be worse. = worst
      • I have never heard a better song. 最好听的歌
    • further/furthest 可用于抽象意义，“进一步的，更多的，更深入的”
      • • further debate • further delays • further demands • further information更多的信息 • further study • This was the furthest concession that he would make.这是他做出来的最大妥协
    • elder和 eldest表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系
      • • my elder brother/sister • his eldest son/daughter
    • last; later; latter; the latest;
      • later表示时间上“较迟的”
        • I am having a meeting right now. Could you call me later?
      • latter表示顺序上的“后者”，与 former(前者)相对应。
        • Should we take a bus or a taxi? Kim wants to take the bus, but I prefer the latter.
      • the latest最新
        • • the latest fashions • the latest news • His latest novel is being published now.
      • last：最后的
        • • He was the last to arrive.
        • A: What do you think of the writer's latest novel?最新的 B: I like it much better than his last one.
    • • last; later; latter; the latest;
  • 形容词的最高级
    • the+最高级+in+地方，必须加the
      • It is the most expensive car in the world.
    • the+序数词+最高级+in+地方
      • 太湖是中国东部的一个淡水湖，占地面积2250平方公里，是 中国第三大淡水湖，仅次于鄱阳和洞庭。 With an area of 2,250 square kilometers, Lake Tai in eastern China is the third largest freshwater lake after Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake.
      • The most beautiful sound in the world is your voice.
      • The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, but it is the third longest river in the world. 长江是中国最长的河流，是世界第三长的河流。
      • 珠江是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。 The Pearl River is the third longest in China after the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
    • the+形容词/副词的最高级+of+所属范围（同类范围）
      • Certain zoologists regard crows the most intelligent of birds.
      • Gold is the least useful of all metals
      • 可以把“of+范围”这一短语放置在句首 • Of all metals, gold is the least useful.
      • An owl represents __ the wisest of___ animals.
      • 2. Saturn(土星) is __ the second largest__ planet after Jupiter.不能用of结构，因为不是最大的，是第二大，要是最大代planet也应该加s。the second largest of
    • 最高级不加the在形容词前，表示非常，很，的意思。相当于very/very much
      • The story is most interesting. 这个故事非常有趣。
  • 倍数比较
    • 倍数+as+形容词原级+as
      • The windows of the red house are twice as wide as those of the brown house.是两个同类事物之间做对比，同名不同物，做对比
    • 倍数+形容词比较级+than
      • This rope is three times longer than that one.
    • 形容词比较级+than....+by+倍数
      • This hall seats more people than that one by three times.
• 特殊结构
  • • more A than B（A比B多，A多） • rather A than B（不是A是B） 与其说是 B ，不如说是 A
    • • He is more a makeup blogger than a teacher.A多
  • • less A than B（A比B少，B多，否定A） • not so much A as B（A离not近所以不是A是B） 与其说是 A ，不如说是 B
    • • He is less a teacher than a makeup blogger，B多
  • AB都是名词，阅读中答案在强调的地方
• 总结
  • more than 不只是，极其
    • His visit to New York was more than sightseeing.不只是观光他去纽约
  • no more than 仅仅 ，只不过 （只是），no是针对这件事情本质上的否定，不是A
  • not more than 不比..更…。not是在比程度
  • no more + adj.+ than… 与…一样不…=not… any more than…。只要是no整体都是否定的
  • not more + adj.+ than… 不比…更…
  • • • You are not more capable of speaking English than I am.（NOT是否定比较级，NOT修饰MORE，你不比我好，但不表示都坏，水平差不多）
    • • You are no more capable of speaking English than I am.(no是否定两件事，两个人能力都不好)
  • not better+adj+than
  • no better +than
• 定义：用来修饰名词，说明事物或者人的状态，性质，特征的词