句子成分（主谓宾表定状补插入语）

这是一篇关于句子成分（主谓宾表定状补插入语）的思维导图，主要内容包括：插入语，补语，状语，定语，同位语，表语，宾语，谓语，主语。

句子成分（主谓宾表定状补插入语）

• 主语
  • 句子说明的对象
  • 祈使句没有主语，其他都有
  • 名词，代词，数词，不定式，动词ing，从句都可以充当主语
    • • Seeing is believing. • To see is to believe.谚语前后结构必须一样
    • Between six and seven in the morning介词短语本来做宾语，强调 is the time I go jogging.全部倒装。
• 谓语
  • 主语的行为动作，或者所处的状态。只有动词可以作谓语
  • 从谓语可以体现：否定，疑问，主语的数（第三人称单数），时态，被动语态，虚拟语气
  • 谓语的组合形式
    • 实义动词
    • 系动词+（表语）=谓语
      • i fear（实义动词）=i am afraid（系动词+形容词）
    • 助动词/情态动词+实义动词
      • I would like to助动词 invite实义动词 all my friends to the get-together.
      • I have tried this way three times and failed（而且省略了have） three times.
      • The best thinking has been done助动词被动形式 in solitude.
    • 助动词/情态动词+系动词+（表语）
      • The best thinking has been done in solitude.
    • 少见：助动词+情态动词+系动词（does not have to be）
      • Life does not have to be perfect 复合谓语） to be wonderful.
      • Life does not（助动词） have to（情态助动词） be（系动词） perfect（表语） to be wonderful.
• 表语
  • 定义
    • 说明主语的特征，属性，状态，身份等
    • 表语是主补，对主语内容的补充
    • 系动词+表语=谓语
  • 表语可由名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，介词短语，从句、不定式充当
  • Love is a sweet torment（sweet做定语修饰表语）torment名词做了表语
  • She was the first表语 to leave but the last（the+形容词表名词性质） to arrive.
  • The sky looks much higher形容词比较级做表语 in autumn.
  • My wish is to become an artist。（todo不定式做表语）（an artist是不定时的宾语）
  • Is anybody in? 副词in做表语 anybody is in不是介词
  • My hometown is among mountains. 倒装句，表语是my hometown
  • The tragedy of life is not that man loses but that he almost wins. 并列两个表语从句。不会说系表=谓语，尤其是还是从句
• 宾语
  • 定义
    • 动作的承受者，和能做主语的成分一样
    • 名词，代词，数词，不定式，动词ing，从句都可以充当宾语，谁能做主语谁能做宾语
  • I enjoy reading American stories宾语.
    • to do和doing都可以带自己的逻辑宾语，整体当成宾语
  • Are you planning to travel this summer?
  • doing和to do都是动词语义，通常会接宾语。看reading foreign stories 自带逻辑宾语foreign stories ，其后都是reading带出来的宾语。 单看enjoy reading，reading是宾语。整个句子reading foreign stories是宾语
  • （One of the oldest human needs）主语 is系动词 having someone【doing做表语】 to wonder非谓语后面接逻辑宾语 （where you are）【 when you don't come home at night时间状语】.
    • 表语 having someone to do， to do相当于宾补，如果把wonder当成动词，它也可以接宾语，它的逻辑宾语是 where you are
  • Which of the italicized parts functions as an object(宾语)? A He doesn‘t like the idea of my talking at the meeting是idea同位语. B. It no use your pretending not to know the matter.主语 C. Her falling into the river主语 was the climax of the whole trip. D. My parents strongly object to谓语动词是短语 my going out alone at night.
  • Are you planning to travel宾语 this summer?时间状语
    • 谓语里加不定式只有would like to do和 have to do两种情况，剩下的都是宾语情况，比如plan to do （todo是宾语）
• 同位语
  • 定义
    • 对名词作进一步解释说明，说明与被说明的词在语法上处于同等地位。
    • 被说明的词往往是名词
    • 置于被说明的词之后
    • 名词，代词，数词，从句都可以作同位语，解释说明名词。doing和to do 也可以
  • They each同位语 can get a chance to travel by air.
    • to do解释chance
  • The news that we're having a holiday tomorrow is true.
    • 同位语从句解释news
• 定语
  • 定义
    • 表述名词或者代词的修饰语
    • 前置定语=一个词
      • 形容词 /代词/数词/名词/名词所有格/ 动词的-ing形式 /动词的-ed形式等
    • 后置定语>一个词
      • 形容词/副词/介词短语/不定式/动词的-ing形式 /动词的-ed 形式等
      • 副词做定语也放后面
    • 形容词，名词，数词，从句，doing，to do，done ，介词短语
  • 定语+被修饰的词=名词短语
    • I have a pretty friend.宾语=a friend 把pretty friend当成定语+被修饰名词=名词短语
  • 前置定语
    • 形容词，代词，数词，名词，名词所有格，动词ing形式，动词ed形式
      • Look at these beautiful flowers!
      • Put the child in the sleeping bag状语，祈使句，sleeping修饰bag
      • Write it on your heart（状语） that everyday is the best day（the best最高级做了定语修饰day） of the year.
      • You should adapt to the changing situation.
    • 代词做定语：she baby
    • 名词作定语（不能自己造）：environment protection
  • 后置定语
    • 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动词ing和ed形式
      • I have got something不定代词 interesting 定语后置，特例to tell every one of you
      • Fame usually comes to those宾语 who are thinking about something else定语从句.
      • The books 【on the top（top相当于定语修饰shelf） shelf】后置定语 were just bought.
      • This is 【the best最高级做前置定语 way to solve （不定式短语做后置定语修饰way ）this problem.】整体是名词词组
      • A man 【getting up（ as soon as the cock crows）时间状语从句】（后置定语修饰a man） is a hardworking（是前置定语修饰man） man.
• 状语
  • 定义
    • 可以作状语的：副词，介词短语，不定式，ing，ed，形容词，名词
    • 修饰动词，形容词，副词，全句
    • 时间，地点，方式，比较，程度，原因，目的，结果，条件，让步
  • We eat to live not live to eat.两个to do做了目的状语
  • Tom speaks English very fast方式程度.把very和fast两个独立的副词看成一个状语，very修饰fast，fast修饰speak
  • The boy went home, hungry and tired.形容词做状语必须加逗号
  • Arriving there时间状语, call me up.
  • Don’t step on the grass地点状语.
• 补语
  • 定义
    • 宾语与宾补直接存在主谓逻辑，可以加be动词验证
    • 补充宾语的意思
    • 主语的补语是表语
    • 补语专门指宾语补足语
    • 宾语与补语直接有逻辑上的主谓关系，谁能作补语谁就能做表语，和能做表语的成分一样
  • 可由名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，介词短语，从句充当，不定式
  • Will you please副词 invite all of them宾语 in宾补? in 是副词做了宾补。all of them是宾语
  • Don’t make your children （be）study.不带to的不定式，不能写出来。make sb （to省略）do sth
  • She asked me（be） to help her.不定式做宾补
• 插入语
  • 定义
    • 与句子没有关系或者关系很松，独立于句子之外的成分称为独立成分
    • 可以是句子，词组，独立主格，词
    • • Nobody knows it, I say, nobody. • I can't make it Friday, I'm afraid.=im afraid that i cant…… • Who can be fit for the job, do you think?
    • In “ How much do you think插入语 he earns?”” how much “is _____c_____of the sentence.（ 其实是he earns how much） A the subject (主语) B. the adverbial (状语) C. the object (宾语) D. the complement (补语)
    • Which of the following italicized parts used an object(宾语) ? A. What do you think has happened to her?主语 B. Who do you think the visiting professor is?表语 C. How much do you think he earns every month ?宾语 D. How quickly would you say he would come??方式状语
    • A: Father can lift a pig with one hand.方式状语 B. Where do you get a pig with one hand?定语，修饰pig