I see a flowe.我看见一朵花。 He looks at the elephant.他看着这头大象。
I hear the sound of the bell.我听见铃声。The bell sounded loudly.（铃声响亮地响起来）
I can smell the gas. 我能闻到汽油味儿。The dog smelled the bone.狗闻了闻骨头。
Taste this soup and tell me if it needs more salt.（尝尝这汤，然后告诉我是否需要再加盐）
Feel the texture of this fabric.（摸摸这种织物的质地）
感官动词
思维
内心情感
情感
She loves reading books.（她喜爱读书。）He adores his idol.（他崇拜他的偶像）
作1（it形式主语）
It needs a lot of efforts to learn a foreign language well.
（学好一门外语需要大量的努力）
作3（表目的）
I want to learn English.
（我想要学习英语。）
作b（表目的）
简洁版 To get higher scores, I study hard.
完整版 I study hard to get higher scores.
作b（修饰限定名词）
Few people had the chance to learn to read.
很少有人有学习阅读的机会。
作3（表将来）
The girl is planning to take a piano lesson next month.
（这个女孩计划下个月上一节钢琴课。）
作3
The door remained locked. 门仍然是锁着的。
作b
简洁版
Seen from the surface, the earth is blue.
完整版
When it is seen from the surface, the earth is blue.
a fallen leaf 一片落叶 fallen表明叶子已落下，完成的状态。
The door which had been locked remained closed. 那扇之前被锁上的门仍然关着。
The injured have been taken to the hospital：伤者已被送往医院。
The people who are injured have been taken to the hospital. The injured表示一类人，即“受伤的人”
简洁版
Looking at the watch，I knew it was one o'clock.
完整版
When I was looking at the watch， I knew it was 1 o'clock.
简洁版
With mom's words ring in my head， I gave the woman my older and smiled
完整版
As mom's words ring in my head， I gave the woman my order and smiled.
a smiling face 一张笑脸 smiling形容词 表示脸正在微笑的状态
The boiling water is very hot. 正在沸腾的水很烫 boiling形容词 表示水正在沸腾状态
The water which is boiling is very hot.
His coming here is a big surprise.（他来到这儿是一个很大的惊喜）”。
Mary's singing in the concert attracted a lot of attention.（玛丽在音乐会上唱歌吸引了很多注意力）
Her dancing on the stage made the audience excited.（她在舞台上跳舞让观众兴奋）
His speaking English fluently impressed everyone.（他流利地说英语给每个人都留下了深刻印象）
4⃣️动名词: v-ing
作1/3/b
作 名词
Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动）
He was uncomfortable， and his crying the whole came ground know it
他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了。
his crying 是名词短语，在句中作主语，表示“他的哭泣”这个行为。
