goal: 👆stu. communicative competence
knowledge about how to use the lang. ✅ in communicative situations
bridge the gap between classroom lang. teaching & real life lang. use
form-oriented(重形式) function-oriented(重功能)
skills-separated(少数技能) skills-integrated(综合技能)
decontextualized(脱离语境) contextualized(结合语境)
Hedge's 5 ⭐ communicative competence
pragmatic ~(语用~)
appropriate use of the lang. in social context (appropriateness得体性)
discourse~(语篇~)
👆cohesive markers衔接标记 in written text or conversation & the ability to understand them
fluency(流利性)
prefabricated language chunks(预制语块)
solidified lang. structures can be used in discourse or conversation as a whole, 如:such as
Chomsky's view of competence
competence
the abstract grammatical knowledge of lang.
performance
the actual use of lang. in concrete situations
乔氏的能力=内化了的运用(internalized performance)
乔氏的运用=外化了的能力(externalized competence)
Hyme's view of competence
the knowledge of what to say, when, how, where & to whom
principles
communication principle交际原则(真实性)
stimulate communicative situations
task principle任务原则(目的性)
ask stu. to fulfill some tasks
meaningfulness :意义~(实用性)
teach lang. knowledge with examples that's useful or meaningful to stu.
5 criteria for evaluating communicative classroom activities
communicative purpose(交际目的)
information gap: info. is known by only some of those present