导图社区 ACCA FM 全书 Outlook 思维导图
本思维导图全面概述 ACCA(特许公认会计师公会)《财务管理》(Financial Management,简称 FM)科目的整体知识体系,以清晰、结构化的方式呈现全书六大核心模块,帮助学员从宏观上把握课程脉络,理解各部分内容之间的逻辑关联,建立系统化的财务管理思维,为高效备考与实务应用奠定坚实基础。 一、课程定位:FM 的核心目标 FM 科目承接 F1(现为 BT)和 F3(现为 FA)的会计基础,聚焦企业如何进行科学的财务决策,以实现股东财富最大化这一根本目标。它不仅是数字计算,更是战略思维的体现,强调财务决策对企业长期价值的影响 二、全书六大核心模块概览 1. 财务管理职能与目标(Part A) 明确财务管理的定义、目标与财务经理的核心职责; 理解股东财富最大化的内涵,区别于利润最大化; 掌握代理问题及其解决机制(如激励、监督、信息披露); 建立财务决策的出发点:一切服务于企业价值提升。 2. 财务管理环境(Part B) 分析影响财务决策的外部环境因素: 经济环境:利率、通货膨胀、经济周期、汇率波动; 市场环境:资本市场有效性、证券定价机制; 法律与监管环境:公司治理、税务政策、
编辑于2025-09-27 08:24:28《啊,你说得对》是日本沟通专家林健太郎创作的一本关于“不否定沟通术”的实用指南,旨在通过改变否定习惯改善人际关系,适合希望提升沟通能力的读者。
这是一篇关于好好存钱的思维导图,主要内容包括:基金的分类,配置的仓位,杠铃效应。本书从建立好好存钱的信念开始,帮助读者梳理必要和不必要的开支,戒掉超前消费去负债的坏习惯。
本思维导图聚焦 ACCA(特许公认会计师公会)《财务管理》(Financial Management,原F9科目,现为FM)中 Part F:Business Valuation(企业估值) 与 Risk Management(风险管理) 的核心知识点,系统梳理考试高频考点,帮助学员掌握企业估值的基本逻辑、常用方法及影响股价的关键因素,同时理解市场效率与风险管理在财务决策中的应用。内容严格依据 ACCA 官方考纲与学习指南编写,表述准确、结构清晰,适用于ACCA学员备考复习与知识体系构建。 一、Business Valuation(企业估值) 1. 为什么要进行企业估值? 企业估值在以下情境中至关重要: 企业并购或收购(Mergers & Acquisitions) 股票上市(IPO)或退市 股东退出或股权转让 企业重组或分拆 管理层绩效评估与激励机制设计 投资决策分析(如是否值得投资某公司) 2. 市值(Market Capitalization) 定义:Market Cap = 每股市价 × 已发行普通股股数 是衡量上市公司规模的重要指标,反映市场对公司整体价值的评估 举例:若某公
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《啊,你说得对》是日本沟通专家林健太郎创作的一本关于“不否定沟通术”的实用指南,旨在通过改变否定习惯改善人际关系,适合希望提升沟通能力的读者。
这是一篇关于好好存钱的思维导图,主要内容包括:基金的分类,配置的仓位,杠铃效应。本书从建立好好存钱的信念开始,帮助读者梳理必要和不必要的开支,戒掉超前消费去负债的坏习惯。
本思维导图聚焦 ACCA(特许公认会计师公会)《财务管理》(Financial Management,原F9科目,现为FM)中 Part F:Business Valuation(企业估值) 与 Risk Management(风险管理) 的核心知识点,系统梳理考试高频考点,帮助学员掌握企业估值的基本逻辑、常用方法及影响股价的关键因素,同时理解市场效率与风险管理在财务决策中的应用。内容严格依据 ACCA 官方考纲与学习指南编写,表述准确、结构清晰,适用于ACCA学员备考复习与知识体系构建。 一、Business Valuation(企业估值) 1. 为什么要进行企业估值? 企业估值在以下情境中至关重要: 企业并购或收购(Mergers & Acquisitions) 股票上市(IPO)或退市 股东退出或股权转让 企业重组或分拆 管理层绩效评估与激励机制设计 投资决策分析(如是否值得投资某公司) 2. 市值(Market Capitalization) 定义:Market Cap = 每股市价 × 已发行普通股股数 是衡量上市公司规模的重要指标,反映市场对公司整体价值的评估 举例:若某公
FM全书outlook
第一部分:A、B(选择)
part A FM的定义
what is FM
how to do FM(具体如何去做
根据不同的目标将公司分类、 如何衡量这些目标
Part B FM这一职位的 macro和micro环境
macro
4大objectives
如何achieve objectives
traditional
new(other policy)
micro
participators
markets
instruments
第二部分:C 、D、 E(大题只会出这3部分)
part C working capital
what is WC
WC
NWC
objectives of WC
投融资政策
finance policy
long-term finance vs short-term finance
investment policy
overtrading 和 over capitalization
how to manage WC
receivables
本国的
fundamental(只考文字)
speed up(计算)
early settlement discount
factor
invoice discounting
外国的(6个)
payables
inventory
cash
part D investment appraisal
general appraisal 4种普通方法的优缺点势必烂熟于心 投资具体的项目
NON-DCF
ROCE
calculation
decision rules
adv/disadv
payback period
calculation
decision rules
adv/disadv
DCF
NPV
calculation
decision rules
adv/disadv
IRR
calculation
decision rules
adv/disadv
NPV和IRR
相同点
不同点
什么时候一致
conventional cash flows
specific appraisa 投资具体的资产
lease or buy
asset replacement
当投资的时候总体的资本受限怎么办,capital rationing 资本受限
risk and uncertainty
what is risk?what is uncertainty?
uncertainty
sensitive analysis
adjusted payback
risk-adjusted discount rate
risk
simulation(文字)
expected value
part E business finance
souces of finance
external finance
short term finance(3个)
long term finance(3个)
internal finance(diviends)
dividends theory
dividends policy
影响分红政策的factors(7个)
dividends policy有什么
常规的
企业没钱的时候
其他的补充知识
Islamic finance伊斯兰金融(大题必背)
SMEs(small and medium entities)
problems
funding
maturity
solution
1. business angels
2. crowdfunding
3. government grant
4. tax incentives
5. supply chain finance
6. peer-to-peer financing
7. making share marketable
cost of capital
cost of debt(Kdat) 5个
1. bank loan
Kdat=interest*(1-tax rate)
2. loan notes
irredeemable bond
redeemable bond
convertible bond
shares vs debt选一个高的
3. preference shares
cost of equity 3个
DVM(diviend valuation model)
CAPM(capital asset pricing model)
project-specifiv discount rate(4 steps)
capital structure
如何权衡debt和equity的比例
operating ratio
contribution/PBIT (times)
fixed cost/total cost(%)
gearing ratio
debt/equity
BV
market value
interest cover
PBIT/interest
captial structure theory(3个)
traditional
MM
with tax
without tax
pecking order
影响finance 的因素(6个)
题型
选择一种融资方式:比如给出债和股两种方式,假设你是 财务经理,你会选择哪一种融资方式?
核心:抓住股价,谁的market price 跟高,就采取哪一种融资策略。PAIT。 还有一种特殊情况:EPS的分子为earning+coupon*face value*(1-tax)。我也不知道为什么
debt
1. extra interest=需要融资的资金*coupon
2. 用此种融资方式的PAIT=original profit+(incremental profit-extra interest)*(1-tax rate)
3. EPS=PAT-preference shares/股数
4. share price=P/E ratio*EPS
equity
1. no exta interest
2. 用此种融资方式的PAIT=original profit+(incremental profit-extra interest)*(1-tax rate)
3. EPS=PAT-preference shares/股数
4. share price=P/E ratio*EPS
选择分红政策:说白了是否要分红,一般有一个小丑跳出来说要执行zero dividend政策,然后去评价。
step 1:假设真的执行了0息政策,可以省下多少钱的分红(W1),可以提供百分之多少的融资(W2),it would not be sufficient but would provide 22% fo the total required。This would reduce external finance needing to be raised,potentially reducing financing cost,but there are a further problems with this suggestion
step 2:开始引用dividend relevant theory
signalling effect
clientele effect
liquidity effect
step 3:recommend(一定要做出推荐)
Given that xxx is a listed company with different shareholders and has consistently paid dividends in the past,
A reduciton in dividend could damage shareholder relations and possibly result in reduced shareholder wealth.The reduciton in dividend is not recommend.
第三部分:F、G(选择,重点在于section B)
part F business valution
market efficiency
定义(3个features)
分类
影响share and market price 的factors
practical factors(3个)
1. marketability and liquidity of shares
2. market imperfections and pricing anomalies
3. market capitalization
psychological factors(6个) 行为金融学financial behaviors
1. market paradox
2. herding effect
3. bubble
4. nosie trader
5. loss aversion
6. momentum effect
为什么要business valuation
business valuation的方法
asset basis
income basis
cash flows basis
Part G risk management
foreign exchange rate risk management
what is foreign exchange rate risk?(3个)
fundamental foreign exchange rate theory
1. purchase power parity(PPP) (三步走)
2. interest rate parity(IRP)
3. expectationary theory
4. international fished effect
four-way equivalence
how to manage
internal(4个)
1. use domestic currency receivables
2. matching
3. lagging
4. leading
external
1. money market hedge
receivables
payables
2. derivatives
1||| forward
2||| future
3||| option
4||| swap
interest rate risk management
what is interest rate risk management(2个) 补充:interest rate对冲的不可能三角
why will occur interest rate risk
the yield curve
theories to explain yield curve
liquidity preference theory
expectionary theory
market segmentation theory
how to manage
internal (3个)
matching
smoothing
asset and liability management
external
derivatives
1||| forward(FRA)forward rate agreement
2||| future
3||| option
4||| swap
FM大题汇总
第一部分:A、B
1. Agency problems
第二部分:C 、D、 E
part C
1. objectives of WC(大题),the conflict between these projects
2. finance policy 和 investment policy(大题)
3. how to manage receivables(大题)
4. motives of holding cash、
5. explain the cash cycle and discuss its relationship with the level of investment in working capital
6. discuss 3 factors which determine the level of a company's investment in working capital
7. 让factor来manage receivables的好处
8. techiniques that company could use in managing trade receivables
事前
事中
事后
settlement discount
票据贴现
factor
part D
1. comparision of NPV and IRR (critically discuss why NPV is better than IRR)
similarities
difference
2. why is DCF method better than Non-DCF?
3. what is soft/hard capital rationing? why investment capital may be rationed
4. simulation
5. why replacement interval decisions should be based upon equivalent annual cost
part E
1. Islamic finance
2. dividend relevant theory,让你推荐是否使用zero dividend policy?
第三部分:F、G
part F
1. DVM(diviends valuation models)的disadv
2. fundermental analysis/technical analysis
part G
1. internal methods of managing foreign/interestr rate risk
2. four way equivalence theory
3. liquidity perference/expectation theory/market segmentation risk
FM全书注意点
第一部分:A、B
part A FM的定义
Part B FM这一职位的 macro和micro环境
1. 分子是profit attributed to ordinary shareholeders只有两种情况
1||| ROE
2||| EPS
2. 分子是PBIT的只有两种情况
1||| ROCE
2||| interest cover
3. monetary当中的money supply 和rate呈反比,interest rate和exchange rate 呈正比
4. shareholders'investment所有公式背熟悉
5. Euro Currency Market不做translation的工作,做一些交易工作transaction,交易呀
6. Primary市场
issue
OTC的、tailor的量身定制的工作
7. financial house market=money market,只可以借贷本币,Eurocurrency market是外币,interbank本币外币都可以
8. 关于commercial paper 的 issue price 的计算
issue price*(1+interest rate)=nominal value
第二部分:C 、D、 E
part C working capital
1. 只记住over trading:只有流动性和长期负债变差,其他都变强。overcapitalization除了CA相关的(receivables day、inventory days )同向,其他都相反
2. 考前必做,一做就错1

working capital requirement=CA-CL
是每个月montly有这么多的receivables,不是yearly
3. 考前必做,一做就错2。

Annual cost of goods sold as per the financial statement is $100m of which the raw materials purchases account for 50% of the total. 这句话想要暗示的信息,暗示两个科目的信息: 1.cost of good sold:100m 2.payables:50m
raw material
payables:对应的是采购
working in progress
对应的是COGS
finished goods
对应的是COGS
4. 关于inventory
5. payables days注意点
BV of TP/credit purchase
BV of TP/credit sales after settlement discount
6. receivables days注意点
BV of TR/credit sales
BV of TR/ credit sales after settlement discount
7. working capital
inentory days
BV of inventory/credit purchase,not COGS
TR days
BV of TR/credit sales,not revenue,revenue including credit sales and cash sales
TP days
BV of TR/credit purchase,not COGS
8. 计算复利与单利
part D investment appraisal
1. 投资项目
计算NPV时
1||| 忽略interest
2||| only use relevant CF
3||| 画出时间轴
4||| 每一年的CF流入都不一样,我每次做都是默认一样
5||| 注意税是否滞后,尤其是小题 in arrear /one year in arrear
ROCE法
分子是PBIT
IRR 法
融资是税后
2. 投资资产
lease or buy
折现率为post tax cost of borrowing
EAC
分子为WACC
3. 资本受限
profitability index
4. 评估投资(风险和不确定性)
敏感性分析,三种方法,皆为税后
part E business finance
1. nominal value(face value、par value)到底有什么用
equity
nominal value有点像股本
用"share value"除以nominal value可以得到股数
debt
默认了bond(loan note 的面值是$100)
可以算出每一期需要支付的interest=nominal value*coupon rate
2. loan note 的interest到底怎么算?
算每一期需要支付的利息
interest per term=nominal value*coupon
算总高到期需要支付的全部利息
all interest=market value of loan notes(需要融资的所有资金的总和)*coupon,举个力资,以convertible loan买入的市场价为例子,假设买入的价格为x,convertible loan's market value=x,面值为100,
3. 注意一些表达
borrower是债务人/lender是债权人,Convertible bonds give the lender the right but not the obligation to turn the bond into a predetermined number of ordinary shares.
embark on 着手 not different from
yield of the loan note=kd
regime政府、政体
4. scrip issue = bonus issue
分录:Dr:returning earning Cr:share capital
不稀释股权dilute a shareholders existing holdings
送的股票依然享有voting rights
5. 融资是为了投资新的项目,当使用EPS的估值方法的时候,我经常会犯的错误是,profit总是忘记乘以增长率,老是用之前的方法
第三部分:F、G
part F business valuaiton
1. 注意cum/ex, 多积累一些表达
ex
has just been paid
意味着“0”没有流入钱,不需要加到最后的股价
cum
is about to paid/there is a dividend to be paid/is shortly to be paid很快就要付了, 打算付
意味着“0”有流入钱,加到最后的股价
2. MV=earning/earing yield; MV=earning(1+g)/earning yield-g
earning=PAIT- preference shares dividends/股数
3. 画出时间轴
折现到底求的是哪个时期的股价
4. 注意一些词汇和表达
multiple A by B
A*B
divide A by B
A/B
merger 兼并
collateral
附属担保品,名词
value the shares when the shares are used as collaterals(抵押) for a loan
reciprocal
倒数
the price/earnings ratio is the reciprocal of the earning yield
5. 我们其实只有系统的介绍过这个关于company的估值,并没有介绍债券是如何估值的,凡是题目问的redeemable bonds都是采用最基本的估值原理去计算:本金折现+利息折现=市场价值
part G risk management
1. 注意一些表达
strengthen升值
the euro has strengthened by 20%.欧元升值了20%。
if the $ was to strengthen against the MS,$⬆MS⬇
bring down inflation打击/降低通货膨胀
lapse失效
contract lapse 合同失效
clause 条款
货币贬值→通货膨胀inflation
2. 注意时间轴,n/12,计算PPP IRP
WACC到底是before tax还是after tax, 只有两个章节涉及到这个知识点
part D investment
after tax WACC
DCF(discount cash flows)
NPV
IRR
before tax WACC
EAC(equivalence annual cost)
the after tax cost of borrowing
lease or buy
part E finance
before tax WACC
FMbpp必做题
第一部分:A、B
part A
4
8
26
part B
26 其实我也不是很懂,但是我觉得不会考
28
letter of credit 这个知识点我都忘了在哪里了?
29
35
第二部分:C 、D、 E
part C
part D
part E
180
EPS的特殊计算:EPS的分子为earning+coupon*face value*(1-tax)。
181
Fintech的考点,我也不知道这个是什么
187
208
贼贱的题
第三部分:F、G
part F
227
228
234、235、236、237
257
259
261
264/265自认为是考前必做的题目
part G
272
275