虚拟语气

这是一篇关于虚拟语气的思维导图，无论是英语初学者搭建虚拟语气知识框架，还是进阶者深入掌握其细微用法，这张思维导图都能提供清晰指引，助力学习者精准运用虚拟语气，提升英语表达的准确性和丰富度，是英语语法学习中不可多得的优质资料。

虚拟语气

• 由if引导的虚拟条件句
  • 时态提前
  • 与过去事实相反
    • 从句if+主+had+done（过去完成式）
      • 主句谓语would/should/could/minght+have+过去分词(现在完成
        • we should have gone to the party if she had been invited.
  • 跟现在事实相反
    • 从句if+主语+动词过去时，be用were。
      • 主句谓语would/should/could/minght+动词原形
        • if it were not raining we should go for a picnic
  • 与将来事实相反
    • 从句if+主语+动词过去式（be用were）
    • 从句if+主语+were to +动词原形
    • 从句if+主语+shoulf/would+动词原形
    • 主句谓语would/should/could/minght+动词原形
      • if she should marry tom, she would be happy.
  • 倒装虚拟条件句
    • 谓语有were,had,should时，可省略if。
      • 把were ,had,should 前置到从句的主语前。
        • were they to / should they arrive befor we leave the day after tomorrow,we should have a woderful day
• 错综时间条件句
  • 从句与过去相反，主语与现在相反
    • if i had worked hard at school ,i would be an engineer.
  • 从句与现在相反，主句与过去相反
    • if he were free today,we would have sent him to beijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们已经派他去北京了。
  • 从句与过去相反，主句与将来相反
    • if it had not rained those days ,the work would be finished next week.(would +动词原形，be finished，是被动），
• 虚拟语气用于名词性从句
  • 从句谓语用should+动词原形，should可省略。
    • 宾语从句：表示建议，要求，命令等
      • she suggested we (should) leave here at noce.
    • insist和suggest各有两种意思。suggest表示建议，insist表示坚决要求时。用虚拟语气。
      • my suggestion is that the meeting (should) be held next week.
    • insist和suggest各有两种意思。suggest表示“表明暗示”，insist表示坚持说，认为。时。用陈述语气
      • his expression suggested that he was angry,
    • 主语从句， it is +n/adj/done+that 从句
      • it is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once
    • 同位语从句和表语从句表示建议，要求，命令等名词
      • his suggestion that we (should) go to shanghai is wonderful
• 含蓄条件句
  • 条件暗含在短语中
    • but for(要不是）.without,otherwise
      • but for your help we could not have succeeded in the experiment.(but for=if you did not help we)
  • 条件暗含在上下文中
    • you might staty here forever
      • 可能暗含if you wanted to
  • if only 后常用虚拟表示，要是..就好了。
    • if only he should/would visit us tomorrow.如果他明天来看我们就好了，与将来事实相反
  • 习惯用法
    • you would not know
• 其他结构
  • would rather+(not )have done,对过去的虚拟，表示过去某种选择不正确
    • i took Salluy to the cinema last nighrt,but i would rather have been there alone.
  • would rather sb did sth,宁愿让别人做某事。从句谓语用一般过去式。表示与现在或将来相反。
    • i would rather you came next week,虽然next week 是将来时，但谓语用came
  • would rather sb had done sth,宁愿某人过去做了某事，实际没做。表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。
    • i would rather you had not made a mistake,我倒是希望你没出错。
  • it is （hight） time that +定从，从句谓语多用过去式，也可用should+V，should不能省
    • it is hight time that we should have a rest.
  • as if/though
    • the injured man acted as if nothing had happened,哪个受伤的男人表现的好像什么也没发生。（与过去相反）
• 情态动词+have/done
  • could have done
    • 本来可以，本能够(却没有）
      • you could have made greater progress ,but you did not try you best.
  • should/ought to
    • 本该做某事，却没做，有责备，后悔之意
      • with all the work finished ,i should have gone to the party last night.
  • needn"t have done
    • 没必要做某事却做了
      • you need not have waken me up,i don not have to go to work today
  • may/mingt have done
    • 对过去已发生的事推断。可能/或许已经。。
      • it is no use going to his house,he may not have gone home.
  • must have done ,cannot have done
    • 对过去发生的事进行肯定推断。一定/必定
      • it must have rained last night ,for the road was quite wet