高考英语语法下部

非谓语动词—to do,被动语态的延展，由来、形式、本质、功能、出题特性、定于从句的扩展及补充、被动语态的延展等内容。

高考英语语法下部

• 非谓语动词-to do
  • 由来、形式、本质
    • 形式
      • to do（主被动）—to be done（一般式）
      • to be doing—X（进行式）
      • to have done（主被动）—to have been done（完成式）
    • 本质：n. adj. adv.
  • 功能、出题特性
    • 状语（eg:Cut down a little for supper to lose weight
      • 目的：句首/句中——为了，来，以便...
      • 原因：表示情感的形容词 be happy/sorry/astonished to do(惊讶的）
      • 结果：only to do表“出乎意料的结果" be adj.+enough to do
    • 定语
      • 名词后
        • 表将来 He is locking for a house to live in
        • 固定搭配:the ability/attempt/chance/oppotunity/desire/way to do
      • 唯一最后（被序数词、最高级或no all any 等）：the only/the first/the greatest/the next to do
    • 宾语
      • 固定搭配：refuse/manage/want/hesitate/mean/continue/used/seem/regret/struggle/threaten to do
      • 形式宾语：find/think/consider/feel+it+n./adj.+to do
        • regret to do(遗憾去做）/doing(后悔做了）
        • mean to do（打算）/doing（意味着）
    • 补语（宾补）
      • 固定搭配：allow/permit/persuade/require/invite/encourage/remind/recommend+somebody to do
      • 感官动词/使役动词：sb. be seen/be found/be heard/be made to do
      • It's said that sb. do sth(据说某人...) sb. is said to do sth(某人句首...) sb. be considered/be believed/be thought/be reported+to do
    • 主语
      • It's/was adj. for(对于） sb. to do/of（品质） sb. to do
      • 句型：It's takes time/fffort/energy to do sth
        • 注意：It's no use doing
        • It's a waste of money/time doing(It's+a/an+n.+to do)
    • 表语
      • My job is to teach
      • 固定：be to blame/wish/idea/task/purpose/duty
  • 符号：带to/不带to
    • I ofen hear him sing the song(某些使役动词或感官动词）谓语v.为被动时要加to
      • feel
      • listen to/hear
      • make/have/let
      • see/watch/observe/look at/notice
    • had better do sth
    • Why not do sth?
    • would rather do than do/prefer to do rather than do
    • 在but/except/besides后时，有do无to，有to无do
  • 主动表被动
    • 句子主语与不定式是主动关系 We have a lot of work to do
    • be+adj.+to do The water is not suitable for people to drink
    • 疑问代词+to do What to do next hasn't been decided
    • to be blame Jim is to blame for the accident
    • 当不定式的逻辑主语不清楚，且在语意上无大区别to do /to be done
• 定语从句的扩展及补充
  • 定义：在句中起定语的作用
  • 分类
    • 限制性定语从句This is the lpace which is worth visiting
    • 非限制性定语从句Look at the place which is worth visiting
  • 关系词
    • 关系代词
      • This is the place which/that is worth visiting
      • People who/that are willing to attend the party,sign here please
      • Thie is the man whose house has burned down
      • The man who/whom/that you met is my friend
      • This is the same book as was bought before
    • 关系副词
      • The time when/in、on which we got together finally came
      • ShaiHai is the city where/in、at which YaoMing are boin
      • Please tell me the reason why/for which he looks unhappy
      • The gas is called oxygen,without which we cannot live
      • We got to the riage from where we had fantastic views
  • 特殊情况
    • 只有that不用which
      • 当先行词被all/everything/nothing/anything/little much等不定代词修饰时，只能用that
        • Tell me everything that you know
      • 当先行词被adj.最高级修饰时，只能用that
        • This is the mose beautiful city that I visited
      • 当先行词既包括人又包括物时
        • He hasn't sent us the workers and equipment that we need
      • 当先行词被very/both/the only/all/every/no way/little/much/some 修饰时，只用that
        • This is the only coat that I have
      • 当主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时，只用that
        • Which is the coat that you like best?
      • 当关系代词在从句中作表语时，只用that
        • Your disease is not the case that it used to be
    • As与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
      • which:这；那，可修饰句子也可修饰先行词，只能放在句中。He often comes to school late,which make his teach angry
      • as:正如，只能修饰句子，放主句主前、之中、之后。As we all know,the earth moves around the sun
        • as is know to all
        • as is often the case
        • as is said beore
        • as we expected=as was expected
        • as is reported
    • 介词+which/whon中介词如何确定
      • 可根据先行词的搭配来确定介词
        • There is a dictionary in which we can lookup the new word
      • 可根据固定搭配来确定介词
        • How she needs a person to whon she should turn for help
      • 可根据整个句子的句意来确定
        • The gas is called oxygen,without which we can't live
• 被动语态的延展
  • 各种语态
    • You are invited to make a speech in our school
      • 一般现在时：am/is/are+done
    • The glass was broken by me
      • 一般过去时：was/were+done
    • The meeting will be hold at 8:00am tomorrow
      • 一般将来时：will be done
    • The plan is being carried out successfully
      • 现在进行时：an/is/are+being done
    • Her car was being washed at that time
      • 过去进行时：was/were+being done
    • All the work has been finished by now
      • 现在完成时：have/has been done
    • They had been warned many times before they carried out the plan
      • 过去完成时：had been done
    • The work will have been finished by the end of next month
      • 将来完成时：will have been done
    • manage
      • 一般现在时：manage——am/is/are manage
      • 一般过去时：managed——was/were managed
      • 一般将来时：will manage——shall/will be managed
      • 过去进行时：was/were/managing——was/were being managed
      • 现在进行时：am/is/are managing——am/is/are being managed
      • 现在完成时：have/has managed——has/have been managed
      • 过去完成时：had managed——had been managed
      • 将来完成时：will have managed——shall/will have been managed
  • 特殊情况
    • 否定：助/情/系+not
      • He was disappointed to hear that he would not be given a dovtor's degree
    • 动词复合结构变被动时，谓语变被动，其他保留
      • We saw him sitting there without doing anything
      • He was seen sitting there without doing anything
      • see sb. doing/do
    • make/let/hear/see等主动+（to）do被动+to do
      • The words made me feel excited
      • I was made to feel excited by the words
    • V.的双宾结构变被动，直宾、间宾都可做主语
      • My father is telling me a story now
      • I an being told a story by my father now/A story is being told to me by my father
    • 含介词/副词的动词短语变被动后，介词/副词不能丢
      • People often lough at the strange man
      • The strange man is often laughed at/by people
  • being done
    • 条件：与逻辑主语构成被动关系doing——being done
      • I don't like laughing at others
      • I don't like being laughed at by others
    • 形式
      • 一般式being done 同时发生或之后
        • As we approached the village,we saw new house being built
      • 完成式having been done 先于谓语发生
        • Having been surrounded for a month,the energy had to give in
    • 成分
      • Being exposed to the sun for long dose harm to the skin主语
      • He couldn't bear being made fun of宾语
      • The question is far from being settled表语
      • The meeting being held is about our salary定语
      • You'll find the problem being discussed宾补
      • Having been surrounded,he had to give in状语
    • doing表被动意义
      • 当系/感官或不及物动词用being表被动
        • The flowers smelling sweet atteact the visitors
      • need/want/deserve/be worth/require+doing/to be done
        • The problem deserves discussing
    • 复合结构
      • Weather permiting(permit),we'll go on an outing
      • The decision having been made(make),the next problem was how to make a good plan
    • done与being done的区别
      • The stone berdge built(build) 200 years ago will be pulled down 完成被动
        • The house being built(build) is mine 正在被进行
      • Wounded/Being wounded/Having been wounded,the whale soon died ...原因状语
      • Being inspired/Having been inspired/inspired by many successful people,more and more young Chinede are now considering their own business