英语句法学习笔记

英语句子语法成分分类详解，包括九大基本成分，主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语、独立成分等内容。

九大基本成分

• 主语
  • 含义
    • 句子的主人
    • 一个句子的老大
  • 充当主语成分
    • 名词
      • Students study.
    • 代词
      • They are good friends.
    • 数词
      • Three is enough.
    • 动词不定式
      • To see is to believe.
    • 动名词
      • Smoking does harm to the health.。
    • 主语从句
      • What he needs is a book.
    • 名词化形容词
      • The rich should help the poor.
    • it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式
      • It is important for us to learn English well
• 谓语
  • 含义
    • 表达主语动作状态
  • 充当谓语成分
    • 及物动词
      • We love China。
    • 不及物动词
      • The little girl dances well.
    • 动词词组
      • The plane took off at 10 o'clock
    • 祈使句谓语
      • Open the door, please.
      • Don't laugh at others.
    • 简单谓语
    • 系动词+表语
      • My sister is very upset.
      • She looks beautiful.
    • 情态动词+动词原形
      • You must stay at home.
    • 复合谓语
• 表语
  • 含义
    • 说明注语具体情况
  • 充当表语成分
    • 名词
      • My father is a professor。
    • 代词
      • Is it yours？
    • 形容词
      • The weather was turned cold.
    • 副词
      • Time is up, the class is over.
    • 数词
      • Three times seven is twenty one.
    • 介词短语
      • The meeting is of great importance.
    • 动词不定式
      • His dream is to teach English.
    • 动名词
      • His hobby is playing football.
    • 现在分词/过去分词
      • The speech is exciting.I feel excited！
    • 表语从句
      • The truth is that he has never been abroad.
• 宾语
  • 含义
    • 动作行为的对象
  • 充当宾语成分
    • 名词
      • I like music.
    • 代词
      • He often helps me.
    • 数词
      • Give me four, please!
    • 动名词
      • We have finished reading this book.
    • 动词不定式
      • He wants to dream a nice dream.
    • 宾语从句
      • I think that you′re right.
    • 名词化的形容词
      • We should help the homeless.
    • it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式
      • I find it important to learn English well.
  • 双宾语
    • I gave/buy him a pen. 主 谓 宾 宾
      • =I give a pen to him. I buy a pen for him.
  • 复合宾语
    • I order him to study. 主 谓 宾 宾补
      • He is ordered to study 主补
        • 动作
    • I made you my assistant 宾补
      • 身份
    • I keep the room warm 宾补
      • 状态
  • 区分
    • 双宾语
      • 两者都是动作的承受者，人为间接宾语，物为直接宾语
    • 复合宾语
      • 宾语后为宾语补足语，对宾语的动作/身份/状态做补充说明
• 补语
  • 含义
    • 补充说明宾语/主语
  • 充当补语成分
    • 名词
      • We make him our king
    • 形容词
      • The result made her angry
    • 副词
      • Let the fresh air in
    • 动词不定式
      • Your mustn′t force him to lend his money to you
    • 介词短语
      • We found everything in good order there
    • 现在分词
      • I saw him going upstairs
    • 过去分词
      • They found the house broken in
• 定语
  • 含义
    • 修饰名词或代词
  • 充当定语成分
    • 名词
      • She is a woman worker
    • 名词所有格
      • Tom′s father didn′t come back home until yesterday
    • 形容词
      • Emma a beautiful girl
    • 数词
      • I have five books
    • 代词、序数词
      • Her first novel was published in 1998
    • 动名词
      • It is a swimming pool
    • 动词不定式
      • I have nothing to eat
    • 介词短语
      • The girl with long hair is my sister
    • 定语从句
      • He is the boy who dances best in my class
    • 现代分词/过去分词
      • China is a developing country ;America is a developed country
• 状语
  • 含义
    • 修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子
  • 充当状语成分
    • 副词及副词性词组
      • Light travels most quickly
    • 介词短语
      • He is writing with a pen
    • 动词不定式
      • To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business
    • 分词短语
      • He is in the room making a model plane
    • 名词
      • Wait a minute
    • 状语从句
      • Once you begin , you must continue
  • 分类
    • 时间状语
      • How about meeting again at six？
    • 地点状语
      • Mr smith lives on the third floor
    • 原因状语
      • I arrived late because of the traffic jam
    • 方式状语
      • He did it carefully
    • 目的状语
      • We will send a car to fetch you
    • 条件状语
      • If he goes, so will I
    • 让步状语
      • Though he is a child ,he knows a lot
    • 伴随状语
      • She came in with a dictionary in her hand
    • 结果状语
      • He was so tired that he fell asleep
    • 比较状语
      • I'm taller than he is
• 同位语
  • 含义
    • 解释说明其前的名词
  • 充当同位语成分
    • 名词
      • This is Mr Li,our headmaster.
    • 代词
      • We each have a cellphone now
    • 数词
      • Are you two ready to start out now
    • 同位语从句
      • The news that he is ill worries us a lot
• 独立成分
  • 含义
    • 与句子语法无关
  • 充当独立成分
    • 感叹语
      • Oh look, here's your bus.
      • In about 10 minutes , OK?
      • Well , let's begin
    • 呼语
      • Tom , what are you doing？
      • Can I help you , sir?
    • 插入语
      • By the way , I don't have many friends yet
      • I eat a lot of sweet things , for example , chocolate