宾语从句学习笔记

宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句。下图讲述了宾语从句的各种用法，值得收藏学习哦！

宾语从句

• 在句中充当宾沽的从句称为真语从句。宾语从句可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词 的宾语。在特定条件下，可用it作形式宾语，将宾语从句移至句末。下面是宾语从句的 详细用法。
  • 1. 主语+及物动词+宾语从句
    • 1. 由that引导的宾语从句
      • Check that all the switches are turned off.检査一下所有的开关己关好。
      • We know that television works in much the same way as radio.我们知道电视的工作原理和收音机相同。
      • You will of course understand that my point of view is different.当然你会明白我的观点是不同的。
      • This shows that relying on the people, we can overcome any difficulty.这表明依靠人民，我们就能克服一切困难。
      • 【注释】
        • 1||| that引导宾语从句时，由于只起连接作用，本身没有词义，所以经常省略，特别是 在 believe, grant, hear, know, presume, propose, say, suppose, think, understand 等动词后通常被省略。如：
          • Do you think my mother would permit this?你认为我母亲会允许此事吗？
          • I understood she was married, but I find I was misinformed.我听说她结了 婚，但是我发现有人向我误传了信息。
        • 2||| 在 assume, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine, suppose, think 等表示 “认为、猜测”意义的动词后跟的that-宾语从句是否定式时，其谓语动词不 用否定形式，而将否定式在主句中表现出来，表达从句的否定意义。如：
          • I don't think you are right.我认为你不对。（=I think you are not right.）
          • I don't believe / imagine they've finished their work yet.我认为他们还没有完成 工作。
          • He doesn't expect we need worry,他认为我们不必着急。
          • I don't suppose he cares, does he?我认为他不会介意，对吗？
          • I don't suppose anyone will object the plan.我认为不会有人反对这项计划。
          • I don't fancy that you can succeed without hard work.我认为不努力工作，你 是不会成功的。
        • 3||| 在疑问句后的回答语中，如果是一个肯定的回答，且主句中的谓语动词是 believe, expect, fancy, fear, guess, hope, imagine, suppose, think 或 ''I'm afraid" 等 词语，其后的宾语从句可用 so 来代替。如：
          • Do you think we will have good weather? — I hope so.你认为我们会遇上好天气 吗？——希望如此。
          • Shakespeare was bom in 1564, wasn't he? — I believe so.莎士比亚出生于 1564 年，对不对？——我相信是对的。
          • 如果是一个否定的回答，就用not来代替宾语从句。如：
            • Will it rain today? — I hope not.今天会下雨吗？ 希望不要下。
            • Can you come next week? — I'm afraid not.下个星期你能来吗？ 恐怕不能。
        • 4||| 当主句中的谓语动词是表示“提议、建议、命令、要求”等意义时，that引导 的宾语从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为“should+v.”，或省略should, 直接用动词原形。如：
          • Experiments demand that accurate measurement （ should ） be made.试验要求计 量准确。
          • He proposed that the engine （ should ） be repaired in time.他提出要及时修好发 动机。
        • 5||| 常跟that-从句作宾语的动词有admit, agree, announce, answer, argue（辩论 说）,assume（认为，揣想），believe, calculate（估计），complain, conceive（想 象），confess, consider（认为），contend（强调说，争论说，硬说）,decide, declare, deny, discover, dream, expect, explain, fancy（认为， 感 觉），fear （担心，恐怕）,feel, grant（承认），guess（想，认为），hear（听说），hold（认 为）,hope, imagine, indicate, intend, insist, know, learn（听说，了 解到，知 道了），maintain（坚持说），mean, notice, observe（注意到，看到，发表看法 说），order, perceive （认识到，觉察到），predict, prefer, presume（认为，估计, 揣想），promise, propose, reckon（猜想）,remark（发表议论说）,remember, reply, request, require, say, see（设法做到，明白，理解，知道，发现），show （说明，裘明），state（宣布，声明，陈述），suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish 等。
        • 6||| 不可以跟that-从句作宾语的动词有admire, ask, behold, bid （命令），cause,celebrate, condemn, dislike, entreat（恳求），force, forgive, have（据谣传，声 称，硬说，承认），hate （憎恨），help, let, like, loathe（厌恶），love, overtook （忽 视）,refuse, take（认为），want 等。 -
          • 但是动词have和take后可以跟“it + that-从句"如:
            • He will have it that our plan is impracticable.他会硬说我们的计划不实用。
            • I take it from your silence that you don't want to go.从你的沉默中我猜想你不 想去。
    • 2. 由if和whether弓I导的宾语从句
      • Go and see if they are still in the laboratory.去看一看他们是否还在实验室。
      • I wonder if I can get some advice from you.不知道我是否可以听听你的建议。
      • A simple experiment will show whether or not air does have weight. 一个简单的试验 就能说明空气是否有重量。
      • We should learn to tell whether an element is poisonous or not.我们应该学会分辨一 种元素是否有毒。
      • 注意下列句子中，or连接两个whether-宾语从句：
        • I wonder whether we shall be in time for the last bus or whether we shall have to walk home.我不知道我们是否赶得上最后一班公交车，还是必须步行回家。
      • 【注释】
        • 动词doubt意义为“怀疑，不知道”时，在肯定句中后接if/whether-从句，在 否定句和疑问句中后接that-从句。如：
          • I doubt whether it's true.我怀疑这是否是真的。
          • I doubt if that was what he wanted.我不知道那是不是他所需要的。
          • She never doubted for a moment that she was right.她从不怀疑自己是正确的。
          • Can you doubt that he will win?你能怀疑他会获胜吗？
          • 当doubt意义为“恐怕…不会"时，在肯定句中也可以接that-宾语从句。
            • 如: I doubt that John will come.恐怕约翰不会来。
    • 3. but that /what引导的宾语从句
      • 在这里but that /what = that,本身没有词义，引导的宾语从句要位于否定结构之 后。在这种句型中，主句中的谓语动词通常为deny, doubt, fear, hinder, question, wonder 等。如：
        • I do not deny but that he will succeed.我不否认他会成功。
        • I don't question but that you are correct.我不怀疑你是对的。
        • I shouldn't wonder but that she wants to be a singer.对于她想成为歌手，我不应该 感到奇怪。
        • I don't doubt but what he is diligent.我不怀疑他很勤奋。
    • 4. but (that)引导的宾语从句
      • 在这里，but (that) = that...not,用于否定或疑问句中，引导宾语从句。如：
        • I don't know but it is all true.我不能肯定这都不是真的。
        • Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.〈谚〉 只讲有益的话，闲言琐事不啦。
        • There is no knowing but such an accident may happen.谁能知道这样的意外不会发生呢。
        • Who knows but that everything will come out all right?谁能担保一切都不出差错呢?
    • 5. 连接代词引导的宾语从句
      • 连接代词(The Conjunctive Pronoun) what, whatever, which, whichever, who (whom, whose), whoever有词义，除连接主从句外，还在从句中充当句子成分，分别作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
        • 1. 连接词引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语
          • The teacher is explaining what causes the change of seasons on the earth.老师正在解释是什么引起地球上四季的变化。
          • The wise man does not tell what he does, but never does what can't be told.〈谚〉智者做 事不谈，从不做不可告人之事。(第一分句中what作宾语；第二分句中what作 主语)
          • He can't point out which of the two TV sets is better.他不能指明两台电视机中哪一台较好。
          • A child knows who fondles him; he knows not who loves him.〈谚〉孩子知道谁宠他, 却不知道谁爱他。
          • The twins are so much alike that I never know which is which.那对聿生兄弟长得太像了，我从来分不清哪是哪一个。
          • Gentleness corrects whatever is offensive in our manner.〈谚〉文雅能纠正无礼。
          • When her own studying was done, she tried to read whichever of his books was not in use.做完自己的功课后，她就努力去读他那些不用的书。
        • 2. 连接代词引导宾语从句并在从句中作宾语
          • We always mean what we say.我们一贯说话算数。
          • He could not express what he felt.他无法表达他内心的感受。
          • I don't know who （m） you mean,我不知道你指的是谁。
          • I wonder who he is talking to.我不知道他在和谁谈话。
          • Tell me whom you associate with, and I will tell you who you are.〈谚〉观其友，识其人。/ 物以类聚，人以群分。
          • I don't know which he likes best.我不知道他最喜欢哪一个。
          • He was to do whatever Mr. Buggins told him to do.巴金斯先生告诉他所做的事，他 都该去做。
          • He said she might have whichever she liked.他说她可以要她所喜欢的一个。
          • She can marry whoever /whomever she chooses.她可以和她所喜欢的人结婚。
        • 3. 连接代词引导宾语从句并在从句中作定语
          • I don't know whose dictionary it is.我不知道这是谁的字典。
          • She saved what little money she could to s叩port her younger brother.她省下所有能 省的那一点点钱来资助她弟弟。
          • Straws show which way the wind blows.〈谚〉草动知风向。
          • I don't know whose turn I'm supposed to take.不知道我该接谁的班。
          • You can have whatever allowance you like, and live where you choose.你可以有你想 要的所有零用钱，住在你喜欢的地方。
          • Take whichever seat you like.你随意坐哪一个位子都行。
        • 4. 连接代词引导宾语从句并在从句中作表语
          • Goals determine what you are going to be. < 谚）目标决定前程。
          • I owe what I am to my uncle.我有今日应归功于我的叔叔。
          • Do you know who that girl's father is?你知道那女孩的父亲是谁吗？
          • I don't care whose it is, I'm going to use it,不管这是谁的，我都打算用。
          • Could you get whoever it is to send them off?你可以随便找谁为他们送行吗？
    • 6. 由连接副词引导的宾语从句
      • 连接副词（The Conjunctive Adverb） when, where, why, how 具有词义，除连接主从句外，在从句中分别作时间、地点、原因、方式方法、程度等状语
        • I don't know when they are planning to go.我不知道他们打算什么时候走。
        • The first thing is to find out where she is.首要的事是查明她在哪里。
        • I wonder why this machine didn't work.我不知道为什么这台机器不运转。
        • I know neither how long, how wide nor how deep the river is.我既不知道这条河有 多长，多宽，也不知道有多深。
        • Work today, for you know not how much you may be hindered tomorrow.〈谚〉今日有 事今日毕，明日可能遇阻力。
        • Do you know how long it will take us to finish the experiment?你知道我们要用多长 时间完成试验吗？
        • 有时还用于下列句型：
          • I know how it would be from the first.从一开始我就知道此事会有何结果。（how在 从句中起表语作用）
        • 有时whence （从何处）用作连接副词，引导宾语从句，如：
          • Do you know whence he came?你知道他来自何处吗？
        • 【注释】
          • wh-从句作宾语时，主句中常用的谓语动词有advise, ask, answer, care, decide, discover, discuss, doubt, explain, find out, imagine, inform, know, say, see, show, suggest, tell, understand, wonder 等。
  • 2. 主语+及物动词+直接宾语+直接宾语从句
    • 在英语中有少量动词后边跟两个宾语,而这两个宾语中无论那一个都不能改为由介词for或to所引导的介词短语来表示，即不能变为“主语+vt.+直接宾语+ to /for +间接宾语”结构。在这种双重宾语句型中，第一个宾语可以是人，也可 以是物，第二个宾语可以是名词、从句或“疑问词+不定式”结构。常见的这类动词有advise, answer, ask, assure, bear, bet, catch （击中，打在）» convince, cost, envy, forbid, forgive, give, hit, inform, last （继续满足…之需要）» lead, pardon, play, promise, refuse, remind, satisfy, save （节省， 省去），show, spare （略而不说），strike, suffer （容许，允许），take, teach»,tell, warn 等。
      • 连接词that, if, whether引导的宾语从句作第二宾语
        • He has shown us that he is worthy of confidence.他向我们表明他是值得信任的。
        • He will show them that he is not fated to be a failure.他会向他们表明他并非命运注定就是一个失败者。
        • They told us once again that the situation was serious.他们再次告诉我们形势是严峻的。
        • I asked her if she had any rooms to let.我问她是否有要出租的房间。
        • Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?你可以告诉我火车是否开走了吗？
      • 连接代词引导的宾语从句作第二宾语
        • Can you tell me what the time is?你可以告诉我现在几点钟吗？
        • I don't know anyone at this party; you must tell me who is who.晚会上的人我一个也不认识；你一定告诉我他们都是谁。
        • He didn't tell me which train he was coming on,他没有告诉我他乘哪一趟火车来。
        • He asked us which of us would go with him.他问我们中哪一个想和他一起去。
        • Tell me what books you have read.告诉我你读过什么样的书。
        • I asked him whose work got the first prize.我问他谁的作品获得一等奖。
        • I would tell him whatever news I got.我要告诉他我得到的所有消息。
      • 连接副词引导的宾语从句作第二宾语
        • Tell me why you didn't come to class yesterday.告诉我你昨天为何没来上课。
        • The driver asked me where I wanted to go.司机问我要去哪儿。
        • The students asked the teacher when the examination was going to be held.学生们问 老师什么时候举行考试。
        • Tell us how all the elements are arranged in the periodic table.告诉我们在元素周期表 中，所有的元素是如何排列的。
        • 【注释】
          • 这种句型可改为被动态。如：
            • I remind him that he must be here early.我提醒他一定早来这里。
            • He was reminded that he must be here early.提醒他一定早来这里。
          • 有一些动词不是双宾动词，因此不能将第一宾语放在第二宾语that-从句之前。 要想表示动作的方向或目标，必须用to引导的介词短语表示。常见的这类动词 有 announce, apply, attribute, broadcast, communicate, dedicate, demonstrate, describe, dictate, disclose, explain, export, express, introduce, mention, point out, present, prove, relate, release, repeat, report, represent, say, spell out, submit, suggest, whisper等。如:
            • She whispered to me that his temperature was right up.她悄悄对我说他的体温 升得很高。
            • They announced to the assembled guests that they were engaged to be married. 他们向聚会的客人宣布他们订了婚。
            • Please look at them. They'll prove to you that Tm not lying.请看看他们。他们会向你证明我没有撒谎。
  • 3. 宾语从句作介词的宾语
    • Besides that he explained the theory, he gave us several examples.他不但讲解了理论，而 且举了几个例子。
    • This new radio is very well made except that its case is not so beautiful.这台新收音机做得不错，只是外壳不太美观。
    • I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否会伤她的感情。
    • My departure will depend upon whether I get leave or not.我的离别将取决于我能否请下假来。
    • Newspapers inform us of what is going on in the world,报纸告诉我们世界上所发生的事。
    • I don't care about money or about what people call position.我不在乎钱或人们所谓的地位。
    • She hasn't made up her mind as to whom she is to nominate as her representative at the meeting.她还没有决定提名谁作为她的代表参加会议。
    • By using moulds, we can shape plastics into whatever shapes we want.利用模具，我们可以把塑料加工成我们想要的任何形状。
    • The prize will go to whichever of them writes the best essay.奖品将发给他们中写出最优秀论文者。
    • He told the story to whoever would listen.他将故事讲给所有愿意听的人。
    • He usually goes to work on his bike except when it rains.他通常骑自行车上班，除非天下雨。
    • We could see the hill quite clear from where we lived.从我们住的地方，可以十分清楚地看到山。
    • Whether the work was a success depends on how you look at it,这工作是否成功取决于你如何看它。
    • No agreement was reached as to how much we should pay.关于我们应该付多少钱, 没有达成协议。
  • 4. 用it作形式宾语的4种句型
    • （1） 主语+及物动词+形歩语it +宾语补足语+宾语从句
      • 当主句中的及物动词后除了宾语从句外，还有宾语补足语时，通常用it作形式宾语, 将宾语从句移至宾语补足语之后。如：
        • Do you think it possible that the work will be finished by the end of this month?你认为有可能于本月底之前完成工作吗？
        • I remember I made it quite clear to you that I was not coming. 我记得我已十分清楚地向你表明我不来。
        • We all think it a pity that she didn't show up at the meeting.我们大家都认为她不到会是个遗憾。
        • We consider it of great importance that theory must be combined with practice.我们 认为理论与实践相结合是极为重要的。
        • 【注释】
          • 在这种句型中，宾语从句通常为that-从句。当宾语是what-从句时，虽然其后跟 宾语补足语，但一般不用社作形式主语，而仍按正常语序。如：
            • We consider what he did a great honour.我们认为他的行为很体面。
            • He found what his friend had done shameful.他觉得他朋友的行为可耻。
    • （2） 主语+不及物动词+介词+形式宾语it +宾语从句
      • 当主句中的谓语动词是短语动词 (vi.+ prep.）,而宾语是从句时，虽然没有宾语补足 语，也常用it作形式宾语，后接that-宾语从句。常用于这种句型中的短语动词有answer for （保证，对…负责），count on （指望，依靠，相信），depend upon /on （请放心，请相 信），insist on （坚持，坚持要求），rely on /upon （指望，相信，依靠），see to （负责做到， 设法做到，注意做到），swear to （发誓，保证，坚持说）等。如：
        • We will answer for it that this answer is right.我们保证此答案是正确的。
        • See to it that you are not late again.你要注意再不要迟到。
        • You may depend upon it that we will all support you.你放心，我们都会支持你。
        • I'll see to it that everything is ready in time.我负责使一切都按时准备好。
        • I am counting on it that they will tum up in time.我相信他们会准时到达。
        • We will answer for it that the product is of extra superior quality.我们保证该产品质量是最好的。
        • You may rely upon it that she will do whatever she promises.你放心，她会完成她所承诺的事。
        • He insisted on it that he was innocent.他坚持自己无罪。
        • Can you swear to it that the accused man was at your house that evening?你能保证那天晚上被告人是在你家吗？
        • 【注释】
          • 在这种“不及物动词+介词 (vi.+prep.)构成的短语动词作谓语，并用it作形 式宾语的句型中，介词和形式宾语社有时可以同时被省略，特别是在口语中，将 that-宾语从句直接置于动词之后。如：
            • You may depend （ upon it） that it will rain tomorrow.明天准会下雨。
            • We insist （ upon it） that he has rich experience in practice.我们坚持认为他有丰 富的实践经验。
    • （3） 主语+及物动词+形式宾语it +宾语补足语+宾语从句
      • 常用的这类短语动词如 bring it to one's attention （使关注，使注意），owe it to sb.（归 功于，归于，亏得），put it to sb.（向…提出一个事实），take it for granted （认为当然，信 以为真，认为不成问题）。如：
        • He owes it to the doctor's care that he is well again.他病能痊愈全靠医生的照料。
        • I put it to you that this man could not possibly have been so cruel and heartless.我向你 提出一个事实：这个人不可能那样残酷无情。
        • Why don't you bring it to his attention that you're too ill to go on working?你为什么 不让他关注你病得太重不能继续工作之事？
        • I took it for granted that you would stay with us.我认为理所当然你会和我们住在一起。
    • （4） 主语+动词take /have +形式宾语it + that-宾语从句
      • 当主句中的谓语动词是take（认为，料想）或have（表明，声称，坚持，听说），宾 语是that-从句时，常用it作形式宾语，然后引出宾语从句。如：
        • I take it that he gives his consent,我认为他同意了。
        • He will take it that our plan is impractical,他会坚持说我们的计划不切实际。
        • The newspapers have it that the firm is almost bankrupt.报纸声称那家公司几乎要倒 闭了。
        • He won't have it that the conditions are unfair.他不承认这些条件不公平。
        • 有时动词hide （隐瞒），love （喜欢），put （说），resent （对…感到不高兴，怨恨）, swallow （忍受），也用于这种句型，如：
          • He can't swallow it that you dislike him.他不能忍受你不喜欢他。
          • Let me come and stay. You can put it that it was arranged before.让我来住吧。你可以说这是以前安排好的。
          • I resent it that you take that attitude.对你釆取那种态度我感到不高兴。
          • I just love it that you are moving in with us.我很喜欢你搬来和我们一起住。
          • He hid it that he was involved in the matter.他隐瞒他参与 了 此事。
  • 5. 主语+及物动词+介词+名词+宾语从句
    • 在这种结构中，句中的谓语动词是一个由'‘及物动词+介词+名词”构成的成语动 词。宾语从句实际上作及物动词的宾语，而作宾语补足语的"prep.+n."被提到that-宾 语从句之前。常用的这类成语动词如entered into particulars （详细说明，详细叙述）, keep in check （控制住,阻止住），keep in mind （记住），keep under control （控制）, keep under observation （监视），take into account （考虑，把…考虑进去，注意，重视）, take into consideration （考虑到）,take to task （责备，批评）等。如：
      • In passing sentence, the judge took into consideration that it was the prisoner's first offence.在判刑时，法官考虑到犯人是初犯。
      • We must keep in mind that the weight of an object in space is not the same as its weight on the surface of the earth.我们一定要记住物体的重量在太空与在地球表 面是不同的。
      • We have entered into particulars that water and air have little effect upon lead.我们 已经详细说明了水和空气对铅几乎没有什么影响。
  • 6. 名词性从句与作表语的形容词连用
    • 这种结构中的名词性从句位于形容词之后，在概念上接近宾语，而在结构上接近状 语。常用的这类形容词有 afraid, anxious, careful, certain, confident, glad, grieved, hopeful, irritated, pleased, sorry, sure, surprised 等。如：
      • They were especially anxious that you should come, Hans.汉斯，他们特别渴望你来。
      • We are sure that it will be a success.我们肯定此事会成功。
      • I am still hopeful that he will come.我仍然希望他来。
      • I am certain that I posted the letter.我肯定我已把信寄走了。
      • I was surprised that he had gone.我很惊异他竟然走了。
      • 这种句型中的从句也可以用疑问词和whether引导。如：
        • I'm not quite sure how it was done.我不十分肯定此事是如何做的。
        • Be careful which way you turn.小心转弯。(which way = how)
        • She is not certain where this ought to be put.她不知道把这放在哪里。
        • He is ignorant whom he has to address.也不知道他要对谁讲话。
        • He's doubtful whether he can afford it.他怀疑他能否负担得起。
      • 【注释】
        • 在这种句型中，that常被省略如：
          • I am afraid I have made a serious mistake.恐怕我犯了 个严重错误。
          • Are you sure /confident he's honest?你肯定 / 相信他是诚实的。
  • 7. 有关宾语从句的说明
    • 宾语从句的前置一宾语从句通常位于主句之后，但在特别强调时，则可以位于主句 之前，译时，一般先译从句
      • What the heart thinks the tongue speaks.〈谚〉言为心声。/ 心直口快。
      • What one knows, it is sometimes useful to fbrget.(谚〉世间某些事，忘了更省事。
      • What soberness conceals, drunkenness reveals.〈谚〉酒后吐真言。
      • That this is so I will try to prove. ( = I will try to prove that this is so.)情况就是如此, 我一定要努力去证明它。
      • What would happen after that she could not imagine.那之后会发生什么情况，她无法 想象。
      • What Miss Fulton did, Bertha didn't know.富尔顿小姐做过什么事，伯思不知道。
      • Why you should always arrive late I don't know.我不知道你为什么总是迟到。
    • 直接引语作宾语从句时，前后均用引号，句前不用任何连词
      • He asked me, “Do you know what energy is?"他问我："你知道什么是能吗？”
      • "Please hurry, " she said."请快点，"她说。
      • “I do hope, " said Millie, “they haven't forgotten all about it. "我真希望，"米利 说，“他们不会把这一切都忘了。”