社会服务思维导图

这是一篇关于社会服务的思维导图，内容有福利国家、家庭、社会保障、国民健康保险制度等，结构型知识框架方便学习理解！

social services

• welfare state
  • time
    • after the Second World War
  • function
    • provide effective and comprehensive social weifare to the most advanced
  • mainiy include
    • provide free health care to all citizens
    • a nationwide educational system free of charge
    • expand the low -rent housing system
    • a comprehensive social security system
• Family
  • marriage has decrease in popularity
    • in 2001 it account for 55% of the adult population
  • the falling birth rate
    • the nuclear families has decreased but still account for a majoritty of the households
  • the increase of cohabitation
    • have a negative effect on children's emotional and educational development
  • the rising proportion of older adults
    • the proportion of the population over 65 years old is now 15%
• Social Security
  • aim
    • secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need "from the cradle to the grave"
  • mainiy include
    • unemployment insurance
    • industrial injuries
    • retiree pensions
    • sickness insurance
    • maternity and widows' benefits
    • death grant
  • coverage
    • family allowances for children
      • up to the age of 16(18 if the child is still in scholl ,full time)
    • pensions for the eldely
      • at the age of 65 for men and 60 for women
  • social security is the most expensive programme
    • cost 30% public funding
  • Resources for welfare
    • VAT(Value-Added Tax)
    • General taxation
    • National Insurance Payment
  • shortcomes
    • acctually, many people don't receive the society security benefits
    • it 's hard to define the accurate figures of the poverty
    • the funding has always been problematic and the levei of benefit low
    • the system has beencriticised for the racism and sexism
• NHS
  • The NHS Act became law in 1946 but did not come into effect until 1948
  • mainiy include
    • General Practitioner(GP)
    • Services are provided on the basis of need instead of the ability to pay
    • All services are free of charge
    • Waiting list
  • Private health-care
    • to ease the pressure of NHS and more choices
• Housing
  • Main types of housing
    • • Detached houses(22%)
      • Semi-detached houses(30%)
      • Terraced houses(28%)
      • Flats