英国司法思维导图

这是一篇关于英国司法的思维导图，梳理的内容有法治、法律渊源、英国法院系统、司法程序、法律职业等，收藏下图了解吧！

Judiciary

• The judicial system of the UK is among the oldest and most traditional of British institutions
  • for histirical reasons, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland ,have separate legal systems
• The Rule of Law
  • the rule of law in the UK has long been considerated one of thefundamental principle of the3 unwritten British Constitution
  • some basic assumptions
    • Everyone is bound by the law
    • All persons are equal before the law, all citizens have legal rights and can resort to the law
    • Law and order must be maintained through the officials and institutions of the state
    • Legal redress is provided for citizens with complaints against other individuals when they feel have experience injustice
    • The law and legal processes and personnel should be independent from political interference
• Source of Law
  • English and Welsh
    • the three main sources are common law,statute law and European Union law
  • Scotland
    • can be traced from diverse sources ,including Roman law ,English canon law(基督教法规） and influence of other European systems
• British Court System
  • criminal courts(刑事法庭）
    • criminal law mostly involves the rules laid down by the state for citizens and acts punishable by the state, such as theft and murder
      • minor criminal offences and most serious offences
  • civil courts（民事法庭)
    • civil law governs the relationships and transactions between private parties, individuals, organisations, or companies, dealing with disputes
      • concern a range of money, property, contracts, and family matters
  • both commom and civil law
    • Scotland
  • common law
    • England, Wales, Northern Ireland
• Judicial Proceedings
  • 1.trial by jury
  • 2.the right to due process of law
  • 3.freedom from unlawful imprisonment
  • 4. the trial system of prosecution and defence
  • 5. the presumption that a person is innocent until proven guilty
• Legal Professions
  • components
    • Barristers 高级律师，出庭律师
    • Solicitor 初级律师，文案律师
    • the four Inns of Court伦敦四律师协会
  • Queen’s Counselors
    • (QCs)most expensive
  • The Lord Chancellor
    • the head of the judiciary in England and Wales
• Court System in English and Welsh
• details