英国历史

超全！最细节的英国历史知识点梳理图，纵向分析罗列各时期的历史要点，拯救背记困难户！有需要的同学，可以收藏下哟。

英国历史

• 55BC
  • Julius Caesar and his Roman troops invaded the island
    • After that, British history began to de documented
• 55BC→54BC
  • Britain was invaded by Roman troops led by Julius Caesar
  • Britain was invaded again by the Romans under Ⅰ Claudius in43AD
    • Britain became a Roman province
• 410AD
  • Germanic barbarians attacked in Rome
    • End the Roman occupation of the island
    • The Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes landed in Britain
    • English replaced the old Celtic language as the dominant language
    • The late 7th, Roman Christianity became the dominant religion
      • Augustine brought Christianity to Britain from Rome and became Archbishop of Canterbury
• 8th century
  • The Vikings ( from the Scandinavian countries of Northern Europe,Norway and Denmark ) begain to attack the England coast
  • The seven Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms gradually became united under Alfred the Great
    • King Alfred the Great:Only monarch in English history to be given the title “ the Great ” Influences: 1. He was called “ the father of the British navy ” as he founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea . 2. He also reorganized the fyrd (英国民兵)( the Saxon army ), making it more efficient . 3.A learned man himself , he encouraged learning in others , established schools and formulated a legal system .
  • In 886,Alfred recaptured London
  • In 1042, the English throne was retured to the Anglo-Saxons
• In1066
  • Edward chose Harold of Wessex to be King
  • Norman Conquest/Hastings :Duke William , often referred to as Wiliam the Conquer , chalenged Harold ＇ s succession , won the Battle of Hastings , and was crowned King .
    • Significance: 1.Establishment of Feudalism / Royal family 2. Open relations with the continent ( France ) 3. Norman French culture, language , region , etc
• In 1154
  • HenryⅡ ascended the throne and thus began the rule of the House of Anjou(the House of Plantagenent)
    • HenryⅡ reformed the courts and the laws Jury system(陪审团制度） Common law（判例法/习惯法）
• In1199
  • John ascended the throne
  • In 1215.15, the Magna Carta ( the Great Charter ) is referred
    • Significance of the Magna Carta ( the Great Charter ) : 1.Townspeople - freedom of trade and self - government 2.Merchants & Craftsmen - for the first time as a new political force part of the British Constitution today
• In1216
  • HenryⅢ was crowned
    • House of Plantagenet Henry Ill , son of John " the Lackland ” exacted money from England under ali pretexts against the spirit of Great Charter Provisions of Oxford : 1. Drafted by Simon de Montfort , Earl of Leicester , etc . 2. limiting the King ’ s power by caling regular meetings of the Great Council (25-member Council 枢密院) 3. Replaced by the Provisions of Westminster in 1259
• The Hundred Year'War
  • Influences of Hundred year's war： 1. Promoted the concept of English nationalism. 2. Promoted the development of the textile industry 3.Raised the social position of the bourgeois class. 4. Deprived the English king of his positions on the continent. 5. The English language was reestablished as the official language to replace the French language.
• The Wars of the Roses
  • Decline of Feudalism A . From these wars feudalism received its deathblow . B . The great medieval nobility was much weakened and discredited . C . The king ’ s power now became supreme . But the interests of the majority of the common people were not deeply engaged.
• The Reformation
  • The immediate cause for the reformation was King HenryⅧ's attempt to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.
  • He carried out a wholesale suppressio of the monasteries and confiscated the property of the church. In 1534 he issued the Act of Supremacy (《至尊法案》) and declared himself to be the Supreme Head of the Church of England.
  • The Reformation was in essence a political movement in a religious guise.
• the Counter-Reformation
  • Leading by HenryⅧ's daughter MaryⅠ
• The Civil Wars
  • The first Civil War broke out between the Royalists known as the Cavaliers and the Parliamentarians known as the Roundheads.
  • Cromwell destroyed Charles Ⅱ's army, which marked the end of the Civil wars.
    • The monarchy was abolished and England was declared a Commonwealth and governed as a republic.
  • Parliament decided to restore Charles Ⅱ to the throne of England.
    • This put an end to the Commonwealth.
• Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
  • Parliament succeeds in removing a ruling monarch they didn't like and establishing a system known as constitional monarchy.
    • From that time, the king ruled with an authority circumscribed by Parliament.
• The Industrialn Revolution
  • It changed Britain in many ways. Its industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country in the world. The country also underwent a process of mass urbanization. Many new cities sprang up. The Industrial Revolution also created changes in the social class structure. The capitalist class became the most important force in the country. Meanwhile, the proletariat came into being.
• Formation of the Empire
  • On the eve of world war Ⅰ, Britain was the largest colonial empire the world had ever seen.
    • “ An empire on which the sun never set” ： It controlled about a quarter of the world's landmass.
• World WarⅠ
  • The Central Powers: mainly Germany, Australia-Hungary, Turkey The Allies: mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and from 1917, the United States
    • A conflict of interests and colonial rivalry involved two camps
• World WarⅡ
  • The Fall of the Empire: After a result of World War Ⅱ, most of Britain's colonies demanded and fought for independence. In the 1960s, An independence movement swept the entire British Empire. The Britain Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth of Nations, a loosely organized community of former British colonies.
  • The war was happened between Axis and Allies.
• Britain Since World WarⅡ