Environment

在ACCA学习中对企业环境（宏观环境、行业情况）的知识点梳理

Environment

• Macro-environment
  • PEST(national)
  • SLEPT(international)
  • PESTEL
    • Plitical
      • inport & export
      • FDI (foreign direct investment)
      • local protectionism
      • business tax incentives 激励政策
      • interest free loan
    • Economical
      • National
        • Inflation 通货膨胀
        • interest rate 利息/利率（政府调控）
        • Business cycle/Economical cycle
          • 根据 disposable income 判断
            • recovery
            • boom
            • recession
              • sub-prime debt 次贷危机 （次级贷款 为了刺激经济）
            • depression
          • What to do?
            • Recovery
              • sell luxury goods
            • Boom
              • raw materials /label cost up up up
              • how to compete successfully?
              • competition severe/rivalry intensive
            • Recession
              • sell basic product
            • Depression
              • purchase undervalued asset
      • International
        • exchange rate 汇率
        • trade protection
        • dumping 倾销（瞬间打败原住企业同时抢占市场份额）
          • Barriier 壁垒（如 加关税）
        • Finance Crisis
    • Socio-culture
      • Social
        • population
          • Age (aging problem)
          • Ethnicity(种族划分)
          • Family size
          • Social mobility 社会流动性
          • Disposable income 居民可支配收入
          • Life style (attitude towards work & leisure)
      • Culture
        • Beliefs
        • Value 价值观
        • Custom
        • Rituals & Routines (仪式&惯例)
    • Technological
      • IOTS (internet of things) 物联网
      • Nano tech 纳米技术
      • New conposite material 新复合材料
      • Influence
        • Gain in productivity
        • Reduce cost
        • New product
    • Environment/Ecology
      • Sustainability
      • SEE
        • Socia equity
        • Environmental protection
        • Economic prosperity (finance\)
    • Legal
      • Civil law 民法
      • Criminal law 刑法
      • Health & Safety 健康 & 保护（童工？ 医保？）
      • Data protection
• Industry & Sector 行业情况
  • Poter's 5 forces
    • TONE--Threat of entrants
      • Barrier
        • Economies of scale 规模效应
        • product differentiation 产品差异化
        • Capital requirement 资本需求
        • Switching cost 转换成本
        • Knowledge requirement
        • Expected retaliation 反抗
        • Access to distributional channel 渠道掌控
    • TOSP--Threat of substitute product
      • principal: 两种产品相互制约
    • BPoB--Bargaining power of buyer
      • immediate customer
        • High when
          • Concentrated buyer
          • Alternative source of supply
          • Low switching cost
          • Competition threat
    • BPoS--Bargaining power of suppplier
      • Immediate supplier
        • High when
          • Concentrated supplier
    • Rivalry
• Substitute
• Supplies
• Customers
• Potential entrants
• Rivalry among existing firms