导图社区 大学英语学习笔记
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大学英语学习笔记
下图汇总了大学英语一的课文笔记，包含原文、逻辑词、观点、生词、长难句、错误选关系等方面，赶快收藏下图学习吧！
编辑于2021-10-21 00:16:57- 相似推荐
- 大纲
2005
第一段
原文
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human" , with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as all.
逻辑词
Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.
Indeed,（递进关系：说的是同一件事情） if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.
But（转折：重点） a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as all.
观点
suggests that it is all too monkey, as all.
生词
sense of grievance 不满
jealous 愤怒
other than 除了
a fat pey rise 涨很多薪水
vanish v. 消失
outraged 愤怒（程度高于angry）
be regarded/considered/treated/viewed/rated/seen/thought of sth.（宾语）as(宾语补足语） 被认为
reputation n. 名声，声誉
underlying adj. 潜在的
be capable of 能够做某事
a sense of humor/responsibility 幽默/责任 感
长难句
原文
But（转折：重点） a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as all.
主干
a study suggests that ...宾语从句
by（后置定语修饰：study） Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia,
which（定语从句：修饰study） has just been published in Nature,
错误选项：（后面有转折，前面的假设推翻）
原文
Such behaviour is regarded as "all too much" , with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
主句
Such behaviour is regarded as "all too much"
with（伴随状语） the underlying assumption（n.假设，设想）
that(同位语从句：对assumption的内容进行说明） other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
第二段
原文
The researchers studied the behaviour of female broen capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males.
生词
weigh 权衡
inclined/tend to 倾向于
第三段
原文
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
第四段
原文
In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods( and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber( without an actual monkey to eat it )was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
第五段
原文
The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a cooperative, group-living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward cpmpletely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other member of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
逻辑词
However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
观点
The researchers suggest that
capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions.
In the wild, they are a cooperative, group-living species.
Such cooperation is likely to be stable
only when（表示唯一条件） each animal feels it is not being cheated.
生词
stem/originate/derive/date from=date back to 源于
as yet=so far 迄今为止；到目前为止
长难句（分析：连词、标点）
原文
However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,
or whether it stems from the common ancestor
that (定语从句：作had的宾语，修饰ancestor）the species had 35 million years ago,
is, as yet, an unanswered question.
主干
whether...or whether...（并列的主语从句）is, as yet, an unanswered question.
2005 text 2
第一段：smoking——years
原文
Do you remeber all those years when scientises argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
逻辑结构
but（转折） the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure?
That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain?
That（that...that...并列，but 后面的观点一致） the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of way?
观点：（观点词：argued; insisted)
（转折前）scientises argued that smoking would kill us
（转折后：考点）the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of way?
生词
include-inclusive 包容的
exclude-exclusive-close out 排他的
conclude-conclusive-close together 得出结论
错误选项
Lots of Americans bought that nonsense（指的是：支持吸烟的人）, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
第二段：upsetting parallels——today：global warming
原文
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the Whte House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts（题目中出现的人), added this key piont in the preface to the panel's report: "Science（题目中出现的关键词） never has all answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequence of present actions.
观点
Bruce Alberts（题目中出现的人)， Science（题目中出现的关键词） never has all answers.
But（引出考点） science does（强调） provide us with the best available guide to the future,
and（并列句；分句） it（主语从句：形式主句） is critical that（真正主语） our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequence of present actions.
长难句
原文：
it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequence of present actions.
主句
Bruce Alberts report:Science（题目中出现的关键词） never has all answers. But ...and...
分句
provide us with sth
it（主语从句：形式主句） is critical that（真正主语）
that science can provide n.+连词——定语从句：
concerning（介短作后置定语，修饰：the judgments) the future consequence of present actions
生词
critic n. 评判者
provide sb with sth 给某人提供某事
available adj. 可获得的；可用的
concerning/regarding 可以做介词=about 关于
help 情感色彩：积极
第三段：just as on smoking，.....-global warming
原文
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
第四段：global warming
原文
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of（不是什么而是什么） a plan of action, they continue to press for more research- a classic case of " paralysis by analysis."
长难句
原文
But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously.
主句
it's obvious that...主语从句
生词&短语
take sth. seriously 认真对待某事
第五段：
原文
To serve as responsible steward of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atomospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democoratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
逻辑
But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.
生词&短语
take measures/ steps/ actions 采取措施
effective adj. 有效的
immediate adj. 立即的
initiative n. 措施 adj. 积极地；首要的
fashion v. 指定；形成；塑造
conservation n.保护
inadequate 不足
2005 text 3
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2005 text 4
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中心主题
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