Complete Guide to Debating

这是一篇关于Complete Guide to Debating的思维导图，包括Explanation、Debate structure、Roles of the speakers、Debate definitions、Basic argument structure、Rebuttal、Scoring、lmportant skills for debating。

Complete Guide to Debating: How to Improve your Debating Skills

• Explanation:What is debating？
  • A debate is a structured contest over an issue or policy.
  • Two Sides
    • Supporting
    • Opposing
  • Benefits of debating
    • Allowing you to think about aspects and perspectives you may not have considered.
    • Encourages you to speak strategically.
    • Improving public speaking skills.
    • Learning how to create a persuasive argument.
    • When you have to argue against your personal view you realise that there are two sides to the argument.
• Debate structure
  • A topic is chosen
    • • resolution
        • （a statement, policy or idea)
      • motion
        • a policy which changes the current state of affairs or a statement which is either truth or false
        • typically starts with "This House..."
  • two teams of three speakers
    • The Affirmative team support the statement
    • The Negative team oppose the statement
• Roles of the speakers
  • First Affirmative
    • Contextualise the debate - clearly set out your team's interpretation of the topic and the significant issues they disagree with.
    • Provide definitions if necessary.
    • Outline the team line and the team split - this is where you outline your team's case and summarise the way your arguments have been divided between your speakers.
    • Provide 2-3 arguments supporting the motion.
  • First Negative
    • three main steps in a definitional challenge:
      • Clearly state your definition
      • Provide your arguments as to why this is the superior definition
      • Rebut the Affirmative's arguments supporting their definition
    • Function
      • Outline a team line and team split.
      • Rebut the arguments made by the First Affirmative.
      • Deliver 2-3 arguments against the motion.
• Debate definitions
  • Two determinal factors of the definition of the debate
    • Context
      • what is happening in the area that relates to this issue
    • Spirit of the motion
      • topics are chosen for a reason
      • produce a well-balanced and important debate
• Basic argument structure
  • dividing up cases according to groups of arguments(social/economic/political etc)
  • place the most important arguments first
    • The media has more influence on self-esteem than anybody else. This is true for three reasons.
      • Firstly (most important argument)…
      • Secondly...
      • Thirdly (least important argument)...
  • structure an argument
    • Claim - present your argument in a clear statement. This claim is one reason why you're in favour of/against the motion.
    • Evidence - the evidence supporting your claim, such as, statistics, references, quotes, analogies etc.
    • Impact - explain the significance of the evidence - how does this support your claim?
• Rebuttal
  • common flaws
    • False dichotomy
      • the speaker is trying to falsely divide the debate into two sides even though there are more alternatives than they state
    • Assertion
      • may just be an assumption
        • there has not been enough examination to prove this validity and then give a reason why the assertion is (probably) not valid
    • Morally flawed
    • Correlation rather than causation
    • Failure to deliver promises
    • Straw man
    • Contradiction
    • Compare the conclusion to reality
• Scoring
  • criteria
    • Content / Matter - What the debaters say, their arguments and evidence, the relevance of their arguments.
    • Style / Manner - How the debaters speak, including the language and tone used.
    • Strategy / Method - The structure of the speech, the clarity and responding to other's arguments.
• Important skills for debating
  • certain skills
    • You points must be relevant to the topic.
    • Provide evidence whenever you can and not your personal opinion.
    • Use rhetoric to persuade - consider using the three pillars of rhetoric
    • Voice,Confidence,Language,What to avoid