导图社区 时态思维导图
时态思维导图，详细介绍了一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时等的谓语构成、基本概念、时间状语和考点结构。
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时态
1. 一般现在时
谓语构成
be动词：am , is 或 are 其他动词：动词原形或三单
基本概念
1. 表述客观真理、客观存在及自然现象 [考点]宾语从句内容如果是客观真理，自然现象等，需要用一般现在时
2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作，或经常存在的状态，常用的时间状语有：often , usually , always , sometimes , every day , once a week.
[考点] 3. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时(代替一般将来时) 注意：主将从现 (主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时) 引导词(if / as soon as…) + 句子 或 从句
4. 表示按时间表拟定或安排好要发生的动作。常用于这种情况的动词有：come , go , run , start , begin , return , leave , take pace等，句中常有表示将来的时间状语
动词变形do-does
1.+s
2.o , sh , ch , s , x 结尾 +es
3.辅音+y结尾 -ies
2. 一般过去时
be动词：was 或 were 其他动词：动词过去式
1. 表示过去发生的事或存在的状态，常和过去的时间状语连用：yesterday , just now(刚刚) , in the past(在过去) , this morning(今天早上)
[了解] 2. 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作，句中也可能带有：every day , often , usually , always , sometimes等时间状语
3. 在表示时间、条件等状语从句中使用一般现在时
特殊句式
used to do
否定：didn't use to / usedn't to do
疑问：Did...use to do...? / Used...to do?
形近词组：be used to sth. / doing sth. 习惯于做某事 / be used to do 被用来...
would do
动词变形do - did
1.直接+ed
2.以e结尾+d
3.辅元辅，双写+ed
3. 一般将来时
shall / will do(shall用于第一人称)
am / is / are going to do sth.
am / is / are to do sth.
am / is / are about to do sth.
一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态
时间状语
常用时间状语：omorrow , soon(不久以后，很快) , next + day / week / month / year , this + afternoon / evening , in / within + a few minutes / 3 years (多久以后)
4. 过去将来时
was / were going to do sth.
was / were to do sth.
was / were about to do sth.
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态考查一般出现在宾语从句中
常用时间状语有：the next day , the following day , …later等
考点结构
He said / asked / told (一般过去时) + 宾语从句 (…would + do) … + next year / soon(将来时间)
5. 现在进行时
am / is / are doing
1. 表示现在 (说话人说话时) 正在发生或进行的动作或状态，常用时间状语有：now , right now , at this moment , at present / nowadays等
重点 2. 表示现阶段发生的动作，说话时刻动作未必正在进行
例句：The famous writer is writing another novel these days.
了解 3. 表示将要发生的动作(一起连用的动词常有：start / begin , come , go , leave ) 此时常与表示将来的时间状语连用，多指计划、安排好的事情
[考点] 4. 表示渐变。有些动词，如：become , come , get等的进行时表示逐渐变化的过程
例句：It is getting warmer and warmer in spring.
动词变形do-doing
1.+ing
2.去e +ing
6. 过去进行时
was / were doing
主要用来表达过去某个时刻或某个时间段内正在进行的动作或存在的状态
时间状语：常用时间状语有then(那时) , at that moment(那时) , at than time(那时) , this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)等
考点
He was writing a novel last year, but I don’t know whether he has finished it or not.
表示一个动作正在进行，另一个动作突然发生： When + 从句(一般过去时) + 主句(was / were doing) 或when / while (was / were doing) + 句子(一般过去时)
表示两个动作正在进行 While + 从句(was / were doing) + 主句(was / were doing)
7. 将来进行时
will / shall be doing (shall用于第一人称)
1. 表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作
2. 表示安排要做的事
We will be spending the winter in Hainan. (可能发生也可能不发生)
[区别] We will spend the winter in Hainan. (一定发生)
8. 现在完成时
hava / has done
1. 强调过去的行为对现在的影响，常用时间状语有：already , ever , yet , just , by this time , lately , recently等。其中 already常用于肯定句；ever 和 yet 常用于否定句和疑问句中
例句：My brother has already done his homework.
2. 表示从过去持续到现在的动作。这种用法往往和表示一段时间的状语，如：“since + 时间点” , “since + 从句” , “for + 时间段” (只能和延续性动词一起连用)、these days , so far = up to now = till now等连用
例句：He has worked here since he graduated from university.
[考点] since(自从) + 从句(一般过去时) + 主句(现在完成时) = 主句(现在完成时) + since(自从) + 从句(一般过去时)
3. 表示经历过的事情，常与：never , ever , once , twice等时间状语连用，可用how many times提问
例句：I have only been to the Great Wall once.
4. 用于固定句型
It / This / Than is the first (second / third) time + 句子(现在完成时) 表示：某人第…次做…
例句：it is the first time that I have seen a foreigner.
特殊用法
句型
It is + 最高级 + that + 现在完成时
It is + 序数词 + that + 现在完成时
瞬间动词跟延续性动词的转换
have been to vs. have gone to
[重点] have / has been to 去过某个地方已经回来
[重点] have / has gone to 某人去了某地，现在还没有回来
have / has been in 在某地待了多久，后加表示一段时间的状语
9. 过去完成时
had done
描述过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”
常用时间状语有before , after , by the end of last year / month等
考点总结
1. 出现时间 标志词
by the end of + 过去的时间, + 句子(过去完成时)
例句：By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1000 letters from all over the world.
by the time + 句子(一般过去时), 主句(过去完成时)
例句：By the time you got home, I had finished my work.
2. 用于固定句型
It / This / That was the first / second time that + 句子(过去完成时) 表示：某人第…次做…
例句：It was the second time that I had met him.
[区别]：It is the second time that I have met him.
3. 用于固定句型：(一…就…)
No sooner had + 主语 + done + than + 从句(一般过去时) = 主语 + had no sooner + done + that + 从句(一般过去时)
例句：No sooner had arrived at the airport that I called him.
Hardly / scarcely had + 主语 + done + when + 从句(一般过去时) = 主语 + had hardly + done + when + 从句(一般过去时)
例句：Hardly had I arrived at the airport when I called him.
10. 将来完成时
will / shall have done (shall只能用于第一人称)
1. 表示在将来某一时刻或另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作，常用 “by + 表示将来时间的短语或句子” 或 “when / after等 + 用一般现在时表示将来动作的句子”
例句：They will have moved to the new house when Jack comes back home from school.
了解 2. 表示在将来某一段时间内持续的动作或状态，常与for引导的时间状语连用
例句：Next Monday, he will have been in Britain for three years.
By the end of + 表将来的时间(next year), + 句子(将来完成时)
例句：By the end of next year, you will have graduated from university.
By the time + 句子(一般现在时-do / does), + 句子(将来完成时)
例句：By the time you get home, I will have finished my work.
by / before +将来的时间
11. 现在完成进行时
have / has been doing
表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在且可能继续下去。这种时态多用延续性动词，如live , learn , lie , stay , wait , stand , rest , study等
例句：I am in the kitchen now, I have been fixing the fridge all the morning. (中间没有间断)
例句：I have been learning German since five years ago. (中间没有间断)
[区别] I have learnt German since five years ago. 中间是否间断不清楚)
常连用的时间状语： all the time , this week / month , all night / the morning , recently等状语 since + 时间点或for表示的时间段
特适用法
不能表示 "已完成的动作"
没有被动语态
