导图社区 英语文学Poetry
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英语文学Poetry
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编辑于2024-06-24 21:17:21- 英语文学
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Poetry
分类3个
narrative叙事诗
分类3个
epic史诗
描绘的是什么?
cultural heroes involved in grand adventures
融合了哪俩点?
myth
history
地位?
最宏伟grandest的叙事诗
现存最早的古英语史诗?
Beowulf《贝奥武夫》
romance骑士文学
主角啥样?
who often confront monsters，dragons，and disguised animals
ballad民谣
地位?
最流行popular的叙事诗
注重哪两点?
story
action
lyric抒情诗
分类6个
elegy挽歌
epigraph铭文
sonnet十四行诗
sestina六节诗
aubade晨歌
villanelle田园歌
注重哪两点?
emotion
song
dramatic戏剧诗
呈现的是什么?
an imagianary chacter speaking directly to another imaginary character 一个想象中的人物直接对另一个想象中的人物说话 （definition by Jonathan Swift）
types of stanza 诗节的分类
2-line stanza
couplet
3-line stanza
tercet
4-line stanza
quatrain
6-line stanza
sestet
8-line stanza
octave
怎么表达诗的诗节构成?
书本p119
sonnet 十四行诗
定义
a 14-line poem
分类2个
Italian sonnet
特点?
an octave followed by a sestet （1个八行诗➕1个六行诗）
代表人物
Petrarchan sonnet 彼特拉克式
English sonnet
特点?
three quatrains followed by a couplet （3个四行诗➕1个两行诗）
代表人物
Shakespeare
rhyme scheme 韵律安排
书本p144
Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister 《西班牙修道院里的独白》
作者姓名➕国籍?
Robert Browning 罗伯特·布朗宁
English英国人 身处Victoria时代
speaker
不是诗人自己，是故事的主人公，一位修道士
tone
ironical讽刺
London 《伦敦》
作者姓名➕国籍?
William Blake 威廉·布莱克
English英国人
作者的2个著名的插画诗集
Songs of Innocence 《天真之歌》1789年
Songs of Experience 《经验之歌》1794年
diction 用语
第一节的"chartered"
①It means "be leased or hired"in a critical sense. 它意味"被租用"，含讽刺意味。
②It suggests that London's streets and river are privately owned. 它表明伦敦的街道和河流被私人占有。
③It implies the oppressive nature of early capitalism. 它暗示早期资本主义的压迫性质。
第二节的"every"
①The use of "every" five times means that no one is immune from suffering. 五次连用"every"表示无人能幸免于痛苦。
②It is a picture of a whole society in chains. 它描绘的是一幅整个社会被束缚的画面。
第二节的"manacles"
It means that the spirit of the people is bound, full of hypocrisy and deception. 它意味着人们的精神被束缚，充斥着虚伪与欺骗。
第二节的"ban"
It means "be deprived of political rights "in a critical sense. 它意味"被剥夺政治上的权利"，含讽刺意味。
第三节的"chimney-sweeper"➕"black'ning"
①It exposes the Church complicity in brutal exploitation of child-labor. 它揭露教会残酷剥削童工。
②It points out the serious environmental pollution caused by industrial development. 它指出工业发展带来的严重的环境污染。
第三节的"appalls"➕"sigh"➕"blood"➕"palace-walls"
It reveals the hypocrisy of the church and the mercilessness of the nobility. 它揭示了教会的无情和贵族的残忍无情。
第四节的"harlot"➕"curse"➕"tear"➕"marriage-hearse"
①Even thoughbeing a harlot is disgraceful, the heavy social pressure makes those young girls have to choose this shameful job to make a living . 尽管当妓女是可耻的，沉重的社会压力让那些年轻女孩为了基本的生存不得不选择做这份可耻的工作。
②"marriage"is a happy thing but the "hearse"symbolizes the death.the war leads to a number ofsoldiers'death so many marriages broke up because of the war. 结婚本该是幸福的，但战争导致许多士兵的死亡，许多婚姻因为战争而破裂。
③It conveys the darkness of the society and the ruinous influence of the war. 它传达了社会的黑暗和战争的摧毁性影响。
figure 修辞
repetition 重复
①The word "chartered" appears repeatedly in the first stanza implying that streets and the river are all controlled by the government or big companies.People are treated unequally and have so many restrictions when they live in the city of London. “特许的”这个词在第一节中反复出现，暗示街道和河流都被政府或大公司控制。人们在伦敦受到不平等的对待，有很多限制。
②Another major repetition in the poem is the word"every"in the second stanza.The prevalent hatred of government's corruption and monopolization is conveyed by the repeated word "every" from the cry ofinfants and grown people.这首诗中另一个主要的重复词是第二节中的“every”。对政府腐败和垄断的普遍仇恨，通过儿童和成年人的哭声中反复出现的“每”字来传达。
metaphor 隐喻
In the poem, "the mind-forged manacles" functions as a metaphor to make people's depressed emotion become more concrete and visualized. People have to bear the unfair treatments caused by the govermment and cannot find a good way to strive for their deserved rights and respect as a citizen.Their depressed and suffering emotion is unable to be removed from their heart as if there is a manacle to lock their emotion. 在诗中，“灵魂的镣铐”起到了隐喻的作用，使人们的压抑情绪变得更加具体和形象。人们不得不忍受政府造成的不公平待遇，无法找到一个好的方式来争取他们作为公民应得的权利和尊重。他们的沮丧和痛苦的情绪无法从他们的心中移除，好像有一个枷锁锁住了他们的情绪。
inversion 倒装
The second stanza of the poem "In every. ……the mind-forged manacles I hear", which uses inversion to foreground important elements, emphasizes that no one is immune from spiritual and political bondage, and exposes the hypocrisy of the church and the cruelty of the nobility. 诗中的第二节"In every ……the mind-forged manacles I hear"，运用了倒装的修辞，把要强调的听到的内容提前，突出强调了没有人幸免于精神上的和政治上的束缚，揭露了教会的虚伪和贵族的残酷无情。
theme 主题
William Blake deeply revealed the sufferings of the working people in England before and after the French Revolution, and expressed strong dissatisfaction with the British government and the church. 威廉姆.布莱克深刻揭示了法国大革命前后英国劳动人民的苦难生活，抒发了对英国政府及教会的强烈不满。
tone 腔调
sympathetic同情的 indignant愤慨的
Sonnet130 《十四行诗第130首》
作者姓名➕国籍?
William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚
English英国人
作者现存多少戏剧?多少的十四行诗?多少的长篇叙事诗
38 plays
154sonnets
2 long narrative poems
作者的十四行诗中🈶哪两个人经常出现?
a married woman of dark complexion 深色肤色的已婚妇女（the dark lady）
《十四行诗第130首-爱人的眼睛》描述的便是这位女性
a fair young man 皮肤白皙的年轻男人（the fair youth）
imagery 意象（修辞）
分类
static静止类 （4个）
visual 视觉
auditory 听觉
olfactory 嗅觉
gustatory 味觉
dynamic动态类 （3个）
tactile 触觉
organic 器官有关（hunger，thirst）
kinesthetic 动觉
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 《雪夜林畔小驻》
作者姓名➕国籍?
simbol 象征意义 （诗的最后一节中）
I Like to See it Lap the Miles 《我愿看它穿千里》
作者姓名➕国籍?
Emily Dickinson 艾米莉·迪金森
American 美国人
personification 拟人（修辞）
第一节中的"lap"➕"lick"➕"feed"
Through the words "lap","lick","feed" and so on, the poet gives life to the train with personification , comparing the speed of the train and the desire to conquer nature to a hungry and greedy beast. It not only licks flat rivers and canyons, but also greedily drinks the blood of nature. Its long roar is like a wild animal howling in the middle of the night, which is creepy. 诗人通过"lap","lick","feed"等词，用拟人的手法赋予火车以生命，把火车的速度与征服自然的欲望比作是饥饿、贪婪的野兽。它不仅大口大口地舔舐着平川、峡谷，还贪婪地豪饮大自然的血液。它的长啸犹如野兽在深夜里嚎叫，令人毛骨悚然。