导图社区 英语语法术语
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英语语法术语
这是一篇关于英语语法术语的思维导图
编辑于2022-03-10 17:58:01- 术语
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Grammar Terminology
gramatical levels 语法层次
morpheme 词素
free morpheme/content morpheme 自由词素/实义词素
root 词根
bound morpheme/grammatical morpheme 粘附词素/语法词素
affix 词缀
suffix 后缀
prefix 前缀
word 词
open class 开放类
closed class 封闭类
phrase 短语
clause 分句
sentence 句子
according to communicative function 根据交际功能
statement 陈述句
positive/affirmative/assertive sentence 肯定句
negative sentence/negation 否定句
partial negation 部分否定
rhetorical question 反问句
existential 存在句
question/interrogative 疑问句
general question 一般疑问句
special question 特殊疑问句
alternative question 选择疑问句
tag question 附加疑问句
imperative 祈使句
exclamation 感叹句
constituents 根据构成
simple sentence 简单句
coordination 并列
coordinator 并列连词
coordinate sentence/compound sentence 并列句
subordination 从属
complex sentence 复杂句
subordinate clause 从句
nominal clause 名词性从句
subject clause 主语从句
object clause 宾语从句
predicative clause 表语从句
appositive clause 同位语从句
attributive clause 定语从句 / relative clause 关系分句
basic structure 基本结构
antecedent 先行词 + relative pronoun 关系代词 / relative adverb 关系副词 + clause 从句本身
restrictive attributive clause 限制性定语从句
non-restrictive attributive clause 非限制性定语从句
adverbial clause 状语从句
adverbial clause of time
adverbial clause of condition 条件状语从句
adverbial clause of place
adverbial clause of reason/cause
adverbial clause of purpose
adverbial clause of result
adverbial clause of concession 让步状语从句
adverbial clause of manner 方式状语从句
adverbial clause of comparison 比较状语从句
adverbial clause of proportion 比例状语从句
main clause 主句
subordinator 从属连词
simple subordinator 简单从属连词
complex subordinator 复杂从属连词
correlative subordinator 关联从属连词
marginal subordinator 边际从属连词
components of a sentence 句子成分
subject 主语
logical subject 逻辑主语
empty subject/anticipatory element 虚主语
What time is it?
placeholder 形式（主语）
predicate 谓语
object 宾语
adverbial 状语
adjunctive adverbial 修饰性状语
disjunctive adverbial 评注性状语
conjunctive adverbial 连接性状语
complement 补语
attributive 定语
pre-modifier 前置修饰语
post-modifier 后置修饰语
appositive 同位语
types of verbs 动词的种类
finite verb 限定动词
infinite verb 非限定动词
infinitive 不定式
-ing participle -ing分词
gerund 动名词
present participle 现在分词
-ed participle -ed分词
main verb 主动词
auxiliary verb 助动词
linking verb 系动词
transitive verb 及物动词
monotransitive verb 单及物动词
ditransitive verb 双及物动词
complex transitive verb 复杂及物动词
intransitive verb 不及物动词
stative verb 状态动词
dynamic verb 动态动词
durative verb 持续动词
instant verb 瞬间动词
phrasal verb 短语动词
modal verb 情态动词
epistemic use 推测性用法
non-epistemic use 非推测性用法
verb tense 动词的时态
simple present tense 一般现在时
simple past tense 一般过去时
simple future tense 一般将来时
present progressive tense 现在进行时
past progressive tense 过去进行时
future progressive tense 将来进行时
present perfect tense 现在完成时
past perfect tense 过去完成时
future perfect tense 将来完成时
present perfect progressive tense 现在完成进行时
past perfect progressive tense 过去完成进行时
future perfect progressive tense 将来完成进行时
simple past future tense 一般过去将来时
past future progressive tense 过去将来进行时
past future perfect tense 过去将来完成时
past future perfect progressive tense 过去将来完成进行时
subject-verb concord 主谓一致
principle of grammatical concord 语法一致
principle of notional concord 意义一致
principle of proximity 就近原则
direct speech and indirect/reported speech 直接引语和间接引语
reporting verb 引述动词
ellipsis 省略
substitution 替代
emphasis 强调
cleft sentence 分裂句
inversion 倒装
fronting 前置
inversion-needed
complete/full inversion 全部倒装
partial inversion 部分倒装
non-inversion
postponement 后置
voice 语态
active voice 主动语态
passive voice 被动语态
noun 名词
structure 构造
simple noun 简单名词
compound noun 复合名词
derivative noun 派生名词
lexical meaning 词汇意义
proper noun 专有名词
common noun 普通名词
individual noun 个体名词
collective noun 集合名词
material noun 物质名词
abstract noun 抽象名词
grammatical function 语法功能
count/countable noun 可数名词
non-count/uncountable/mass noun 不可数名词
gender 性
feminine 阴性
she
masculine 阳性
he
neuter 中性
it
common gender 通性
she/he
case 格
common case 普通格
possessive/genitive case 所有/属格
‘s
of
independent genitive/elliptical genitive 独立属格/省略属格
double genitive 双重属格
rear genitive 后置属格
determiner 限定词
pre determiner 前位限定词
post determiner 后位限定词
central determiner 中位限定词
article 冠词
type 种类
indefinite article 不定冠词
definite article 定冠词
zero article 零冠词
usage 用法
generic reference 类指
specific reference 特指
definite specific reference 有定的特指
indefinite specific reference 无定的特指
numeral 数词
cardinal numbers 基数词
decimal 小数
ordinal numbers 序数词
multiplicative numbers 倍数词
fraction 分数
pronoun 代词
definite pronoun 定指代词
personal pronoun 人称代词
possessive pronoun 物主代词
reflexive pronoun 反身代词
demonstrative pronoun 指示代词
reciprocal pronoun 相互代词
relative pronoun 关系代词
interrogative pronoun 疑问代词
indefinite pronoun 不定代词
universal pronoun 普遍代词
partitive pronoun 部分代词
quantifier 数量代词
adjective 形容词
one-word adjective 单个形容词
compound adjective 复合形容词
central adjective 中心形容词
peripheral adjective 外围形容词
attributive adjective 定语形容词
predicative adjective 表语形容词
dynamic adjective 动态形容词
stative adjective 静态形容词
gradable adjective 等级形容词
non-gradable adjective 非等级形容词
marked adjective 有标记的形容词
unmarked adjective 无标记形容词
intrinsic adjective 特征性形容词
non-intrinsic adjective 非特征性形容词
adverb 副词
formation 构成方式
simple adverb 简单副词
derivative adverb 派生副词
lexical meaning 词汇意义
adverb of time 时间副词
adverb of place 地点副词
adverb of manner 方式副词
adverb of frequency 频度副词
adverb of degree 程度副词
adverb of focus 焦点副词
grammatical function 语法功能
adjunctive adverb 修饰性副词
disjunctive adverb 评注性副词
conjunctive adverb 连接性副词
others 其他
relative adverb 关系副词
interrogativeadverb 疑问副词
explanatory adverb 解说副词
exclamatory adverb 感叹副词
preposition 介词
simple preposition 简单介词
complex preposition/multi-word preposition 复杂介词
comparison construction 比较结构
positive/absolute degree 原形
comparative degree 比较级
superlative degree 最高级
mood 语气
indicative mood 陈述语气
imperative mood 祈使语气
subjunctive mood 虚拟语气
subjunctive were were虚拟式
subjunctive be be虚拟式