哲学导图

这是一篇关于哲学导图的思维导图，包括Basic Definition、An Overview、The Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy、Theme of Ancient Chinese Philosophy、The Basic Features of Chinese Ancient Philosophy等内容。

Ancient Chinese Philosophy

• Basic Definition
  • Philosophy--the study of the general and fundamental nature of reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
  • Chinese Philosophy--learning to become a wise and knowledgeable person
• An Overview
  • golden era of Chinese philosophy
    • first--late Zhou period second--Neo-Confucianism，Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties
  • Central” as the nucleus concept
  • From the Qin-Han Dynasties on, Confucianism had been esteemed the orthodox
• The Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy
  • 1.The philosophy of pre-Qin era
  • 2.The orthodox philosophy during the Han dynasty
    • Zhong Shu--discarding the hundred schools and respecting only Confucianism
  • 3.Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin dynasties
  • 4.The Buddhist philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties
    • man and nature were omnipresent in a high degree of wisdom
  • 5.Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties
    • Heaven-Man-Learning
  • 6.Application philosophy in the Ming and Qing dynasties
    • self-examination
• Theme of Ancient Chinese Philosophy
  • 1.Heaven and Man Combined into One 天人合一
  • 2.inner sageliness and outer kingliness 内圣外王
• The Basic Features of Chinese Ancient Philosophy
  • a.Stress on spiritual existence
  • b. Stress on practice
  • c. Stress on morality
  • d. Stress on harmony
  • e. Stress on intuition
• Characteristics of Chinese Ethics and Morality
  • a. Seeking Harmony and Maintaining Equilibrium
  • b. Collectivism over Individualism
  • c. Spiritual Life over Material Life
• Hundred Schools of Thought The Pre-Qin Period (before 221BC)
  • Daoism/Taoism Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi
    • Dao--Dao nourishes everything.
    • De--Virtue, a power of morality, a power of good.
    • Wuwei--Achieving good government through non-action
  • Mohism
    • universal love,upholding thriftiness and simple funerals.
    • opposing fatalism and aggressive wars
  • Legalism Hanfei
    • establishing a system of bureaucracy.
    • laying down laws to unify the thought of people,
    • promoting agriculture to achieve affluence,
    • waging wars to gain strength and power,
  • Confucianism
    • A. Names for Confucianism in Chinese
      • School of the scholars Study of the scholars Teaching of the scholars Teaching of Confucius
    • B. Definition of Confucianism
      • Confucianism is a system of moral, social, political, educational and quasi-religious thought.
    • C. Confucian Classics --the Sources of Confucianism
      • Five Classics and Four Books
    • D.Confucian Teachings and Beliefs of Pre-Qin Confucianism
      • About Education
        • knowledge
        • Learning without thinking is labor lost; thinking without learning is perilous.
      • About Virtues
        • a.The Three Cardinal Guides
        • b.Three Obedience and Four Virtues for woman
        • c.Five Constant Virtues--仁义礼智信
      • About Society
        • The Rectification of Names (正名)
    • E.Ultimate aim of Confucianism
    • F.Limitations
      • a.failing to use new ideas to replace the old formality
      • b.defending the interests of the slave-owning nobles
      • c.Some Confucian ethics are less relevant in modern society
    • G.Confucius’ Famous Words and Principles
      • a.If a person lacks trustworthiness, I don't know what he can be good for.
      • b.The Superior Man is aware of righteousness, the inferior man is aware of advantage.
      • c.Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself.
    • H.Mencius
      • humans had inherent goodness
      • compassionate government (仁政).
      • Mencius’ Famous Words
        • a.People are on the top of priority, with state following, then comes the monarch
        • b.The Humane man has no one to oppose him
        • c.Thrive in calamity and perish in soft living
• the Doctrine of the Mean
  • the Golden Mean, the Harmonious Mean, the Constant Mean and the Adherent Mean