导图社区 TOEFL词根词缀20000
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编辑于2022-03-18 09:26:08TOEFL词根词缀20000
ambul(行走走路的意思)
ambulant
a patient able to walk, not have to stay in the bed
ambulance
circumambulate
Circ
Circle
Circus
马戏团
1782年,一位名叫休斯的英国骑师创立了英国皇家马戏团。自此以后,circus一词才开始用于“马戏”、“马戏团”及“马戏场”等义,后来也常用以指“环形广场”或“环形交叉口”,如Oxford Circus(牛津广场),Piccadilly Circus(皮卡迪利广场)等,但后一种用法仅限于英国英语,美国英语多用circle。
Circular
圆形的
Circulate
循环,环绕
+ambulate=环形,绕。。。而行
perambulate
per(表示贯穿,完全,自始至终)
+ambulate=巡游,来回走
Selectmen are required by law to perambulate the bounds every five years.
somnambulate
somn
源自Somnus ,古希腊的睡神因此含有睡觉的意思。
Somnolent
瞌睡的
The sedative makes people very somnolant
Insomnia
Insomnious
+ambulate=梦游
anim(生命,生气)
animal
animate
使充满生气
A smile suddenly animated her face
animation
生气
Her face was drianed of animation and color
inanimate
无生命的
A man was lying inanimate on the floor
Magnanimous
Magnificent
重大意义的
+animous
心胸博大的
He was magnanimous in defeated and praised his opponent’s skill
Unanimous
Unity
+animous
意见一致的
In the end, Nixon accepted our unanimous advice without demur
demur n 异议dimer
Animosity
憎恶
I will never due to personal feelings,prejudices,animosity or friendship affect my law enforcement
avi(鸟类,渴望)
avid
avidity
aviary
aviery
大鸟笼
aviation
avi+ation航空;飞行
Amercian’s Federal Aviation Administration 美国联邦航空管理局。
aviator
飞行员
表达飞行时发a,表达渴望时发A
bio(生命,生物)
biography
bio+graph.传记
Biographer
Biochemistry
生物化学
Autobiography
自传
Biosphere
生物圈
biocide
杀虫剂
cid-,cis-
切开,杀
aborticide
堕胎abort+cide
堕胎药
bactericide
杀菌剂
circumcise
circum+cise
割包皮v
concise
con(加强)+cise
简洁的
deicide
dei+cide
de-,dei-(神,神的)源自拉丁语deus“god”,divus“divine,god”
deiform
dei+form(形状)
似神的,有神性的。
deify
deification
神化
the deification of medieval kings
deicide
杀神
divine
神圣的;上帝的慈爱
microbe
micro+be微小的➕生命(微生物)
microorganism n.微生物
cit(唤起,引用)
cite
引用;引证;(法)传唤
I can cite quite a few instances to illustrate
表扬
He was cited for bravary
Citation
What kind of citation you are going to get?
Incite
In+cite(唤醒内心的欲望去做不好的事情)
Just a few words will incite him into action
Excite
使激动,使兴奋
recite
recital
resuscitate
sus+cit
(从下方唤醒)使复苏,重振
A policeman and a paramedic tried to resuscitate her
Solicit
Solid- soli- sol- sold- “坚固,完整”
(坚持打扰,坚持传唤)
筹款
To solicit for money
卖淫
She was arrested for soliciting
card,cord=heart(心脏,一致)
cardiac
心脏的
cardiac arrest
cordial
热心的
a cordial atmosphere
cordiality
热心
concord
con(共同)+心 n.协议,一致
eg:living in concord with neighbouring states
discord
不一致
discordance
ann,enn=year,表示“年,一年”
annual
anniversity
annuity
年金,养老金
perennial
per(贯穿,始终)+enn=长久的;反复出现的
the perennial problem of water
chron(表时间)
在古希腊神话中,柯罗诺斯(Chronos)是时间的神格化,象征着永远存在、无始无终、自有永有的时间。古希腊神话中的俄耳甫斯密教(Orpheus)认为,柯罗诺斯是最初的神灵,是宇宙的第一因,是混沌和秩序的来源,并从中诞生了定数女神阿南刻,成为他的配偶。 柯罗诺斯是无形无象的超神,又或者化身为蛇的形象出现——拥有三颗头:人头、牛头及狮子头,除此之外还有无数的形象,如有翅膀的青须老者、环绕着混沌的龙……等等。他与配偶阿南刻围著原始世界卵盘绕,然后将混沌分开,形成了天堂、大地、海与天空。 在希腊语中,柯罗诺斯的名字Chronos就是时间的意思,由词干chron-(时间)和名词后缀-us构成。英语中表示“时间”的词根chron-就来源于此。
chronic
长期的
a chronic shortage of housing in rural areas
Chronicle
编年史
chronology
年代学;年表
Historians seem to have confused the chronology of these events
Synchronize
syn-,sym-(表示相同,共同,对称)
asymptotes
a(加强)+sym(相同)+ptotes下降=渐近线
lip-sync
对口型(假唱)
She lip-synced to Beatles song
sympathise
sym+path(感情)=同情
sympathize
sympathy
syn+chronize
v.同时发生
chronograph
计时器
fug—=flee
centrifuge
centri+fuge
离心机
centrifugal
离心的
cenrtifugal force
离心力
febrifuge
退热药
refuge
re(往回)+fuge(逃跑)=避难所
She took refuge in a bomb shelter
fugitive
逃亡者
insectifuge
驱虫药
lucifugous
避光的
feb,fev(热,发烧)来自法语
february
二月
fever
发烧
febrifugal
feb+fugal
退热的,解热的
febrifuge
退热药
her,hes=stick(粘附)
来自拉丁语“to stick,cling”
adhere
坚持
For ten years he adhered to a strict no-fat low-salt diet.
粘附,附着
Once in the bloodstream, the bacteria adhere to the surface of the red cells.
adherence
He rigid adherence to old-fashioned ideas made him unpopular.
adherent
(思想,政党的)追随者,信徒。
adhesion
粘附力,黏着力
Better driving equipment will improve track adhesion in slipper conditions
adhesive
黏着胶
cohere
连贯,一致
It can be difficult to get a group of people to cohere.
coherent
cohesion
inherent
hesitate
hesitation
luc,lust
lucent
发亮的,adj
the moon is lucent in the background.
来自炽天使路西法Lucifer,因为Lucifer有一双很漂亮的翅膀,故称作其前缀后用来代表光明
lucid
清醒的,头脑清楚的。
He has a few lucid moments every now and then.
lucidity
清楚,明白
elucidate
阐明
He elucidated a point of grammar.
elucidation
Their questions need more elucidation.
translucent
Allowing light o pass throw but not transparent.
noctilucent
noct+lucent
noct
noct源自拉丁语nox,表示夜晚night
noctambulate
梦游
pernoctation
彻夜不眠,失眠症
noctiflorous
夜间开花的
noctiluca
萤火虫
夜间发光的
luster
光泽
lusty
adj 精力充沛的
lackluster
adj 没有光泽的
lustrous
形容头发soft and shining
Thick lustrous hair
illustrate
V阐明
i+辅音+相同辅音表示否定或者加强语气,如illegal
fer(带来)=bring,carry
confer
con(共同)+fer(带来意见)=商讨
He wanted to confer with his colleagues before reaching a decision.
A honorary degree was conferred on him by oxford university in 2001
conference
n 大型会议
conferment
n 授予,颁发
Oderiferous
有气味的
Floriferous
携带花的
flor-,flour-
flour
面粉,来自花的比喻意义花粉,精华
flourish
繁荣
flour+ish表示动词,引申为开花,繁荣
Few businesses are flourishing in the current present economic climate
Deflorate
过了开花期的
defloration
n 玷污
an act of having sex with a women so ending her virginity
Flora
n植物群
floral
adj 印有花的
a floral dress
Aquiferous
aqu-,aqua-:=water,表示水。
aqualung
n 水中呼吸器
aquaplane
n. 滑水板
aquarium
n.水族馆,较小的养鱼池之类的
-arium(表名词,地方。复数一般是-a形式)
oceanarium
大型水族馆
cinerarium
ciner(骨灰)+arium 骨灰存放处
aqueduct
水沟,沟渠
Defer
de-(表示向下,加强,否定)
The department deferred the decision for six months
延期
Deferment
延期
Differ
不同
differ from 与什么不同
Difference
Differentiate
表明什么的差别
The male’s yellow beak differentiates it from the female
区别
It’s difficult to differentiate the two variety.
Infer
V 推断
Inference
推论
There are two inferences to be drawn from her letter
Inferable
可推断的
Inferential
推理的
Transferable
可转让的
Circumference
四周,周长
The circumference of the earth.
Erg=energy,work(能量,活动)
Energy
能量
Ergograph
测力计
energize
给予能量
a refreshing and energizing fruit drink.
Anergy
无力
cell anergy
细胞凋亡
an(表否定)
synergic
syn(表同时,对称)
同时提供能量,表示协同的
allergy
N 过敏
al-,ali-,alter-,altru-,ulter-(其他的,改变状态)
allergy(过敏):人体对疫苗的异常反应 1906 年,奥地利儿科医师皮尔凯(Pirquet)发现许多病人在第二次注射由马血清制成的天花疫苗的时候,都产生了严重的病理反应。他首次将这种现象称之为allergy,由希腊语allos(另一个)和ergon(活动、活性)构成,原意为“异常反应”,我国则译为“变态反应”,即“过敏反应”。皮尔凯也因此被国际公认为过敏反应之父。
allergic
flu=flow,“流动”
fluid
n 流体
adj 流动的
fluidity
n 流动性
flush
v 用水冲走
They flushed the drugs down the toilet.
v 脸红
She flushed with anger
flux
n 不断地变化
Our society is in a state of flux
fluency
n 语言的流利,流畅
Fluency in French is required for this job。
affluent
adj 富裕的
affluent wealthy country
affluence
富裕
up to a point,affluence succeeds.
confluent
汇流的
A kind of confluent tendency also appeared in the three systems
confluence
河流的汇集处
汇聚,集合
a confluence of social factors.
effluent
n污水(通常指工厂污水的流出物)
effluence
流出
The action of flowing out
influx
n 流入,涌入
The sudden influx of visitors
refluent
Refluent acid
Re=return
superfluous
Adj 过剩的。
He didn’t know how to deal with his superfluous energy
superfluity
n 过剩,太多
melifluous
adj 声音甜美的
mel+fluous
mel(song)=表示歌曲。源自希腊语melos
melody
n 曲子,美妙旋律
melodist
n 声乐家,作曲家
equ,equi=equal,even(表示相等)
equal
adj 相等的
equality
n 平等的(非数学意义上的相等,指的是权利,地位等的平等)
equate
v 使相等
Some parents equate education with exam success
equation
n方程式
n 平等看待
The equation of wealth with happiness can be dangerous
equable
an equable temperament
adequacy
adequate
adj 恰当的
adj 足够的
The room was small and adequate
adj 合格的
There is a lack of adequate provision for disabled students
equator
赤道
equanimity
处于困境时的冷静
She accepted the prospect of her operation with equanimity.
equilibrium
n 平衡
The point of which the solid and the liquid are in equilibrium is called the freezing point.
equity
n 权益
n 普通股
n 公平,公正
We based this call on grounds of social justice and equity
equitable
adj 公平的,公正的
Establish fair and equitable salary system and excitation mechanism, and provide retirement and medical insurance welfare.
equivalent
Adj 相等的,等价的
equivocal
支支吾吾的,模棱两可de
He gave an equivocal answer, typical of a politician.
iniquity
不公正,邪恶
Liter=letter字符
Literate
识字的
illiterate
i+辅音+相同辅音表示否定
不识字的
Literacy
识字
A campaign to promote adult literacy.
illiteracy
不识字
Literate
literature
literary
文学的
obliterate
消除,抹去
Everything that happened that night was obliterated fro her memory.
obliteration
N
ob-(原本这样子),oc-,of-,op-(在字母c,f,p)前面b同化为c,f,p。意为(在。。。前面,相反,反对)(缺乏补充)
obdurate
ob(反对)+dur(牢固):坚决反对=顽固的,执拗的
They argued,but he remained obdurate.
Even obdurate India has begun to look less of an outlier.
obfuscate
ob-(在..之上,表强调)
fusc-=dark(黑)
fuscin
褪黑素
fuscous
暗褐色的,黑棕色的
Fuscous wearing
Subfusc
在黑色下方,意为接近黑的,
暗黑的
做名词时表示(牛津大学学生考试和正式场合穿的)黑礼服
表示v混淆,使困惑
They are obfuscating the issue, as only insurance companies can do.
obfusticated
adj 被困惑住的,不知所措的
objurgate
ob(表接近)
jur(发誓,法律)
jury
陪审团
The cases will be decided by jury.
jurist
法学家
jurisconsult
法学家
jurisdiction
司法权
The cases falls outside of my jurisdiction
jurisprudence
法律学,法学
He currently teaches family law and jurisprudence.
jurisprudent
精通法学的
abjure
ab(表示从...离开)+jure(发誓)
发誓放弃
They were compelled to objure their faith.
Perjure
一直发誓,表明不可信
伪证
The man scrupled to perjure himself.
nonjuring
adj拒绝宣誓的
接近发誓的,表示咒骂,训斥,非难
meter,metr,meas,mens=measure(计量,测量)
barometer
气压计
baro(表气压)+meter(测量)
diameter
dia(在...之间)
直径
perimeter
周长
thermometer
温度计
therm-(表示热)
geothermic
地热的
The factory uses geothermic energy and natural lighting.
geothermal
地热的
Some 70% of Icelands’ energy needs are met from geothermal sources.
geometry
几何学ge‘ometry
symmetry
对称‘symmetry
The perfect symmetry of the garden design.
asymetry
n不对称
前缀a表示否定
immeasurable
不可测量的
immense
adj 无限的广大的
log,logu=speak(说话)
logic
logical
analogy
类比
The teacher drew an analogy between the human heart and a pump.
Apologue
寓言
catalogue
dialogue
dia(在...之间)
谈话
prologue
pro(在...前面)
开场白
epilogue
epi(在...后面)
尾声,后记
eulogy
优,往好的说
称赞 n
eulogize
v 称赞
monologue
独白
memor=memory(表示记忆)
memory
记忆
memorize
记忆
immemorial
古老的,无法追忆的
My family has lived in this area from the time immemorial
Memorandum
备忘录
commemorate
纪念,共同回忆
Soci-,socio-(companion,引申为社会)
sociable
adj 爱社交的,爱交际的
A pleasant,sociable couple
Insociable
Sociability
Social
社会的,群居的,社交的
social class
society
socialism
社会主义
socialistic
adj
socialist
社会主义者
associate
a+辅音+相同辅音表强调
同伴
one of his business associates
交往,联系
I don’t like u associating with those people
I don‘t associate him with energetic sports
联合的
an associate company in Japan
association
n 社团,联合
The football association
Consociation
n 联合
Our sincerity invites the large dealer to join our network consociation body. 我们真诚邀请广大经销商加入我们的网络联合体。
consociate
dissociate
She tried to dissociate the two events in her mind
I wish to dissociate my self from Mr Li’s remarks.
把。。。分离
clear-,clar-,clair-=bright(清楚明白)
clear
clarify
v 阐明
She asked him to clarify what he meant.
Clarity
明确,清楚
a lack of clarity in the law
declare
de表加强
I declare you man and wife
clairaudient
有超人听力的
astro-,aster=star,表示“星星,天空”
astronomy
astro+nomy表示天文学
nomy-=law,表示“法则”,引申为管理,用于后缀-nomy=a field of knowledge
bionomy
生理学
economy
经济学
plutonomy
政治经济学
astronomy
天文学
aster-(星):星空之神阿斯特赖俄斯 希腊神话中,阿斯特赖俄斯(Astraeus)是十二泰坦神之一的克利俄斯与女海神欧律比亚的儿子。他掌管星辰,和黎明女神厄俄斯生下了四位风神和大量星辰之神。 阿斯特赖俄斯的名字Astraeus在希腊语中就是“星辰”之意,英语中表示“星星”的词根astr-就来源于此,变体为aster-。
astrospace
宇宙空间
astronaut
宇航员
astrophysics
天体物理学
astral
星的,星状的
disaster
dis-坏+aster星,星位不正,表示有灾难
spir=breathe,表示呼吸
神话故事当中,普鲁米修斯创造人类后,人类只是一坨可以独立行走的泥巴,没有呼吸,精神和林棍。后来普罗米修斯请他的好朋宇雅典娜对所有的泥人吹了口气,从此有了精神
aspire
a表加强语气
渴望,立志于
She aspired to be their next leader.
aspiration
渴望,热望
aspiring
有志向的
He come from an aspring working-class family.
conspire
共同呼气,密谋
U conspired with him against me,dont’t u?
conspiracy
a conspiracy to overthrow the government。
expire
断气,期满
ex-,向外,-spir,呼吸,词源同 spirit,inspire.原指呼出最后一口气,临终
My passport expires next week.
expiration
期满
expiry
期满
Your license can be renewed on expiry
inspire
激励鼓舞
The actor's enthusiasm inspired the kid.
吸气
inspiration
吸气
灵感
perspire
出汗
He began to perspire heavily.
perspiration
出汗
respire
呼吸
This demonstrates that plants respire to consume oxygen.
respiration
呼吸
dispirt
使气馁,使灰心
The army was dispirited by cold weather.
Transpire
蒸腾作用
透露泄露
It has transpired that the gang had had a contact inside the bank
spiritual
精神上的,宗教上的
rect=stright,right“正,直”
arrect
耳朵竖起来的,警觉的
correct
正确的
direct
直接的
erect
直立的
erection
直立竖立
阴茎的勃起
rectangle
长方形
rectangular
直角的
rectify
改正
to rectify fault
rectitude
正直
Li is the model of rectitude
recto
书的右页
recta
直肠
rectal
直肠的
rectum
直肠
rid,ris=laugh(笑)
deride
his views were derided for old-fashioned
derision
he became an object of universal derision
derisive
嘲笑的,可笑的
risible
可笑的,滑稽的
a risible scene of lovemaking in a tent
ridicule
嘲笑
ridiculous
可笑的
scribe,script(写)
describe
Scribe
抄写员
(幽默的讲),也可以表示记者,意思就是反复嚼烂花的人
script
程序的脚本
That bug is caused by an error in the script.
剧本
That line isn’t in the original script.
Scripture
The. Bible
Circumscribe
画……的外接圆
引申为限制,约束(权利自由等)
The power of the monarchy was circumscribed by the new law
Conscribe
征兵,征兵入伍
conscript
n 应征者;应征入伍者
The conscripts were treated as cannon fodder.
Cannon fodder
炮灰
V 征兵
He was conscripted into the army in 1939.
inscribe
刻
His name was inscribed on the trophy
trop-,tropy:=turn 转向,后缀tropy表示转向,向……性
trope:转义,修辞。
Trope thoughts are of special value in the designation of news comments
tropic
回归线
太阳在南北回归线转向,因此tropic意味回归线
北回归线
The tropic of Cancer
南回归线
the tropic of Capricorn
tropic - tropic源于希腊词tropikós。实际上它和trophy(奖品,战利品)一样,同是出自希腊词根tropē 'turn'(转向,转动)。用tropic来指“回归线”是因为回归线是太阳所能到达的极限位置,太阳到达此处,不是转向南去,就是转向北去。北回归线英语说Tropic of Cancer,南回归线英语说Tropic of Capricorn。tropic的复数形式,即tropics,则被用以指南回归线和北回归线之间的地带,即“热带”。
用tropics表示热带
The ship is heading for the tropics.
trophy
奖杯
trophy - 古希腊人极为重视战争艺术,每打胜仗总要庆祝一番。他们在一场战役之后常把缴获的敌军军旗和刀剑、矛斧、头盔、盔甲及盾牌等战利品悬挂在树枝上,尤其是栎树(oak)的枝上,把部分战利品摆放在树底下,献给他们的守护神,把一棵树布置得俨然像个武装军人一样。这在某种意义上相当于一个胜利纪念碑,在希腊语中叫trópaion。该词原义为“转折点”(turning point),因为这种胜利纪念碑总是树立在敌人被击溃之处,即出现战役转机的地点。古希腊人在海战胜利后也常把战利品,包括整条战舰或船头,陈列在最近的海滩上,任其自生自灭,因为这些战利品是献给神的,毁灭它们就等于亵渎神明。古罗马人也有类似习俗,但通常是在公共场所,特别是在罗马树立纪念碑,在帝国时期则代之以圆柱或凯旋门。英语trophy一词即源于该希腊词,因此其原始词义也作“胜利纪念碑”,16世纪始见于英语,以后多指“战利品”或“胜利纪念品”,最后又从此义引申为“奖品”或“奖杯”。
trophy:胜仗意味着转折点,因此trophy有胜仗的含义,后延伸为战利品奖品
提写
inscription
刻写的文字,碑文
Your wedding ring can be engraved with a personal inscription at no extra cost.
manuscript
manu-,man-=hand表示手
amanuensis
a-加强,manu-表示手
代笔人,秘书
manuscript
手稿,原稿
an unpublished manuscript
bimane
bi-二+man—手
两手累的动物
emancipate
e-同ex-向外,man-手,cip-握,拿等
意味释放解放。
Slaves were not emancipated until 1863 in the US.
manacle
man手+acle东西,表示手铐,用手铐铐住。
His hands were manacled behind his back.
maneuver
演习
Allied troops begin maneuvers tomorrow to show how quickly forces could be moblized in case of a new invasion.
manicure
修指甲(手指甲)
I have a manicure and a pedicure every week.
manual
手册
manufactory
制造厂,工厂
manufacture
制造,manu-手+fact-做。
masturbate
手淫
Sheldon: Well,today we tried masturbating for money.
postscript
(写在后面)附言
prescribe
写处方
prescription
处方
subscribe
订阅
transcribe
记录,抄录
Clerks transcribe everything that is said in court.
stell=star,星星
constellate
形成星座,群英荟萃的
The poets constellate in this town every summer.
Steller
辉煌的,星的。
The company‘s stellar growth.
Constellation
星座
Aries
白羊座
3.21-4.19
Taurus
金牛座
4.20-5.20
Gemini
双子座
5.21-6.21
Cancer
巨蟹座
6.22-7.22
Leo
狮子座
7.23-8.22
Virgo
处女座
8.23-9.22
Libra
天枰座
9.23-10.23
Scorpio
天蝎座
10.24-11.22
Sagittarius
射手座
11.23-12.21
Capricorn
魔蝎座
12.22-1.19
Aquarius
水瓶座
1.20-2.18
Pisces
双鱼座
2.19-3.20
群英荟萃的人
stelliform
星形的
stellify
使成为明星
mob=move(移动)
immobile
静止的,不动的。
She stand immobile by the window.
mobility
移动能力
moblize
集中,动员
automobile
汽车
mob
暴民
mobbish
暴乱的
mobster
匪徒,歹徒
demote
降级
The club was demoted at the end of last season.
vad,vas=go,(走)
evade
逃脱
She is trying to evade all the responsibility pushed on her.
He evaded capture for three days
invade
入侵
He mobilized soldiers to fight the invading army.
evasion
逃避,借口
invasion
入侵
pervade
弥漫于,遍布于
The entire house was pervaded by a sour smell.
pervasion
pervisive
soph=wise(智慧)
sophomore
大二学生
freshman
sophomore
Junior
Senior
Sophie
苏菲,苏菲的世界,人名,表示智慧,哲学入门书
Sophist
博学之人;诡辩家。
诡辩家来自苏格拉底
Scientist
artist
dentist
feminist
女权主义者
antagonist
敌手,对手
Sophism
诡辩
socialism
社会主义
capitalism
资本主义
metrialism
唯物主义
atheism
无神论
the-,thea-神
pantheon
众神庙,万神殿
pan(广泛的)+the+on(名词后缀)
pan-,pant-表示全部的广泛的
pantropic
遍布热带的
panorama
pan-全部+orama看=全景,全貌
panoply
全套披甲,全副武装
panoramic
全景的
panoramic photos 全景照片
sophisticate
-isticate
复合后缀
-cate 动词后缀
-ic 的后缀表示形容词或名次
fanatic
狂热的
critic
批评家
apathetic
无感情的
-etic复合后缀
et表示小东西
closet
壁橱
使精致,使老于世故
sophisticated
老于世故的
philosophy
哲学
philo-=love,爱
spect,spic=look,看
respect
re(repeat)+spect(看)
尊重
expect
ex(向外)+看
期待
inspect
in(向内)+看
检查;视察
The teacher walked around inspecting their work
aspect
方面,领域
The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.
样子,外贸
His aspect was frightening
circumspect
(四处查看),意味着慎重的
Careful
Prudent
Cautious
Discreet
He has always very discreet about his love affairs
The bank should have been more circumspect in their dealings
circumspection
慎重,细心。
prospect
pro-向前,看
展望,前景
prospective
-ive,名词形容词后缀
fugitive
逃亡者
native
本地的,本地人
naive
天真的
pervasive
遍布的,无处不在的
repulsive
厌恶的
以e结尾,e影响发音,有e与其紧挨着的原音发字母音
cute
cut
prospectus
计划书,大纲
pro-向前
procedure
pro-向前,ced-,ceed-走,ure名词后缀
程序,流程
prognosis
预测
respectable
可敬的(客)
respectful
充满敬意的,(主)
retrospect
retro-:表示向后,倒退,之前。
retrospect
回顾,回想
In retrospect,I think I’m wrong.
retrorocket
制动火箭
因为制动火箭会向后移动,根据动量守恒在太空中达到制动。
retrospective
涉及以往的,有追溯效力的
retrospective legislation
He wrote retrospectively about her childhood.
retrofit
翻新
damaged houses have been repaired,roads repaved,and buildings retrofitted
retrograde
The closure of the factory is a retrograde step.
retrogress
After the Crisis, the economics of developing countries would usually retrogress to where they were 10years or even decades ago.
gress-走
progress
aggressive
好斗的,进取的。
congress
国会,讨论会
regress
倒退,减轻
Many of the symptoms will regress or disappear.
Suspect
怀疑
suspicious
多疑的(主)
doubtful
值得怀疑的
suspicion
怀疑
spectacle
奇观,壮观。
acle-名词后缀,东西
miracle
obstacle
manacle
spectacular
adj 壮观的
spectacular scenery. 壮丽的景观
spectator
观众,体育比赛的观看者
speculate
投机
speculation
投机
conspicuous
引人注目的
despicable
值得鄙视的(客)
The despicable treatment to animals.
despise
v 轻视
He despise gossip in any form
perspicacious
敏锐的,富有洞察力的
It is very perspicacious of you to find out the problem so quickly
rad,ras=scrape,(刮擦)
erase
eraser
abrade
被擦伤(皮肤)
The skin of her leg was abraded by the sharp rock
abradant
砂纸
abrasive
有打磨作用的
raze
The village was razed to the ground.
razor
Limit-limit=threshold,表示“门槛,限制”
eliminable
可排除的
threshold
n 门槛;门口
But the threshold for regulation is high.
eliminate
排除,消除
He was eliminated in the first round of voting.
preliminary
预备性的,初步的
After a few preliminary remarks he announced the winners
subliminal
潜意识的;下意识的。(被限制在下面的,意为无意识的)
Our influence,however subliminal,forms the basic scaffolding of who they will become
limit
sublime
崇高的;壮丽的
sublime beauty
sublimity
崇高
delimit
v 划定界限
We need to delimit the scope of our discussion.
sublimate
升华
The erotic impulse is sublimated into art.
ero-:=love,表示“性,爱”
erogenous
ero性+gen产生+ous
身体部位,性敏感的
The hidden male erogenous zones
eros
爱神,性爱本能
erotic
色情的
erotomania
色情狂
per-,pir,par-=try(尝试)
experience
experiment
peril
n严重危险(尝试了才有危险)
The country’s economy is now in grave peril
empirical
经验主义的;以实验为依据的
There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.
empiricism
经验主义
empiric
经验主义者
path-=feeling,suffering,表示“感情,遭受(痛苦)”
antipathetic
anti(反)+path(谙熟)+etic(无法一起感受,共情)意味令人反感的,格格不入的
She was antipathetic to morden ways of education
apathetic
冷漠的
The illness made her apathetic and unwilling to meet people.
pathetic
值得同情的,值得可怜的(客)
compassionate
富有同情心的(主)
antipathy
反感
she'd often spoken of her antipathy towards London
sympathy
同情心
sympathetic
有同情心的(主)
pathology
病理学
psychopath
’psychopath
精神变态者,精神病患者
electropathy
电疗法
lingu=language(语言,原意为舌头)
linguist
语言学家
linguistics
语言学
economics
physics
pediatrics
小儿科
ped-:=foot(脚)
biped
两足动物
centiped
百脚动物,蜈蚣
pedicure
修剪脚趾甲
ped-:=child,education,引申为教育
cyclopaedia
百科全书
cyclo(环)+paed(教育)+ia(名词后缀)
cyclopedia
encyclopedia
百科全书
He was a walking encyclopedia.
pediatric
儿童的,儿科的
iatr-=healing(表示治疗)
iatrical
医疗的,医学的
genetics
bilingual
会说两种语言的
She is bilingual in both Chinese and English.
Unilingual
multilingual
懂多种语言的
He recruited two multilingual engineers
sublingual
舌下给药的
doc-doct-:=teach(教)
doctrine
教义,主义,学说
the doctrine of socialism
document
docile
易于驯服的
A docile horse
docility
温顺,听话(奴性)
I am always surprised at the docility our pupils show when pubulished
indocile
难于管教的
The student of average middle school is really indocile
doctrinaire
教条主义的
A doctrinaire communist
doctoral
博士的,博士学位的,与博士有关的
doctoral thesis
fract-,fric-,frag-=break(打碎)
fraction
部分;小片;分数;小数
Only a small fraction of a bank’s deposits will be withdrawn at any one time.
concision
简洁
consolation
安慰慰问
sol-:=comfort,表示安慰
console
安慰
Noting could console him when his wife died
控制台
You will be in charge of console
consolation
安慰人的话
a few words of consolation
convocation
召集
voc-,vok-,vouc-,voic-,vow-:=call,voice(叫喊,声音)
convoke
召集(con全部+voke(call)全部叫到一起=召集)
The mayor convoked a committee to discuss te beautification of the city
convocation
the act of convoking
equivocal
He gave an equivocal answer,typical of politicians
equivocate
拐弯抹角,搪塞的说,支支吾吾的说
He is equivocating a lot what is going to happen if there are elections
evoke
引起,唤起(感情,记忆)
The music evoked memories of her youth
invocation
求助,祈求宽恕,祷告(向内喊,意为祷告,祈求神的宽恕)
an invocation to divine guidance
Please stand and pledge the flag,after which Tylor will give the invocation
invoke
引用;援引(=cite)
He invoked several eminent scholars to back up his argument
provoke(在片面喊)激怒,挑衅
Don’t provoke him into anger
revoke
re(回return)+voke(call)=把说的话收回,撤销取消
The government revoked her license.
Vocal
嗓音的,声音的
advocate
advocacy
提倡;维护;辩护
Fractional
很小的,很少的;微不足道的
a fractional decline in earnings
fractious
易怒的;容易焦躁的
(打碎了,很容易生气或者是生气了容易摔东西)
Children often get fractious and tearful when tired.
fracture
骨折
a fracture of leg
diffract
衍射,(di分开)
infraction
违反法律(打破了内定的规则)
He committed a serious infraction of the national Statue of Secrecy
refract
re(re往回)+fract(打破)=光射在平边上,光被打破,一部分折射一部分发生反射
refraction
折射作用
refractory
refractory(不断打碎别人的意愿,意为倔强的)
He is arefractory priests who refused to side with the king
fragile
易碎的
fragility
脆弱,易碎
fragment
碎片
contra-:=against(相反,反对)
contraband
contra(反对)+ban-(禁止)=违反禁止的=走私品,adj禁运的
Most of the markets were flooded with contraband goods
contraception
避孕方法
to give advice about contraception
contradict
(反着说)反驳
contradictory
矛盾的
We are faced with two apparently contradictory statements
contraindicate
禁忌(药物或者疗法)
反对+指出(反对指出某种药物来治病)
This drug is contraindicated in patients with asthma
dict,dic=say,declare(说话,断言)
contradict
反驳
dictate
听写
dictionary
predict
预言
indict
(对自己人(律师)说)起诉,控告
The senator was indicated for murder
jurisdiction
管辖权(juris+dict +ion)
benediction
bene(好)+dict(说)往好的说=祝愿
please accept my benediction
valediction
vale-=farewell,再见
vale(告别)+dict(说)+ion名词后缀
告别词
He gave a touching valediction at the graduation
valedictory
a valedictory speech
diction
吐字,发音方式
Clear diction
dictum
名言,格言
She reminded us of Barnum’s dictum: You could sell anything to anybody if you marketed is right.
Verdict
ver-:=ture(真实)
veracious
Ver(真实)+acious(有。。。性质的)
精确的
This technique can show image quickly and veracious
veracity
真实,真实性
They questioned the veracity of her story
verify
证实
veridical
不虚伪的,老实的
The victim is able to provide vertical testimony
veritable
名副其实的,真正的
This is a veritable fairland
ver(真实)+dict(说),说真话=n 判决,裁定,(经过认真考虑后的)决定
Has the jury reached a verdict?
vindictive
想复仇的(trying to harm sb because u think that they have harmed U)
vin-vis=force(力量)
vindicate
同justify:证实
I have every confidence that this decision will be vindicated
证明无罪
New evidence emerged,vindicating him completely
vindicable
可辩护的
vindicability
可辩护性
addiction
addict
abdicate
ab(离开)+dic(说)+ate动词后缀-不再命令=退位
The old must abdicate new
indictment
起诉
indicate
dedicate
献出,贡献
He dedicate herself to her work
pel,puls=drive,push,表示驱动,推
peal(cn)
洪亮的钟声
A peal of bell rang out
appeal
peal(钟声):教堂用来召唤信徒参加活动的钟声 在基督教社会中,教堂会定期召开各种宗教活动。每当活动快开始时,教堂就会敲钟,用钟声来通知信徒,召唤信徒参加活动。这种钟声在英语中被称为peal,通常认为是来源于单词appeal(呼吁、请求),因为钟声是用来appeal信徒们来教堂的。
吸引v n
The design has to apeal all the ages and social groups
起诉 v n
He said he would apeal after being found guilty for four counts of murder
appellant
上诉人
appellee
被上诉人
Compulsion
com(共同)+pul(推)=共同推行的普适性政策(强制)
You are under no compulsion to pay immediately
Compulsive
欲罢不能的
(自己强迫自己,欲罢不能额)
She watched him compulsively
Compulsory
因法律或者规则而必须做的
It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmet
expulsion
向外推,表示驱逐
These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country.
expulsive
expel
驱逐
compel
强迫
impel
(内在推动)推动,激励
He felt impelled to investigate further
impulse
冲动驱动
A sudden impulse to laugh
pulse
脉冲,脉搏
dispel
dis(分开)+pel(推):驱散,消除(感觉或信仰)
His speech dispelled any fears about his speech
propel
先前推,推动,驱动(物理,外在的)
He succeeded in propelling the ball across the line
propeller
推进器(汽车,轮船等)
propulsion
推动力
repel
击退,驱逐
re(回)+pel(推)=推回去,击退驱逐
to repel an attack
驱逐
a pesticide that repels insect
repulse
n 打退 击退
repulsive
adj令人厌恶的(想把他击退)
What a repulsive man
vent=come,表示“来”
advent
ad(加强)+vent来=出现,到来
the advent of new technology
降临节
adventitious
advent(到来):基督的两次降临 根据基督教的教义,耶稣基督一共两次降临世界,第一次是诞生之时,以自己的生命为人类赎罪。第二次是在世界末日来临之前,他将再度降临世界。为了纪念耶稣基督的降临,在圣诞节前四个星期,从第一个周日到圣诞夜,基督教徒将这段时间称为“耶稣降临节”(Advent),用于筹备庆祝耶稣的降临。英语单词advent在基督教中有特殊含义,表示“耶稣的降临”。它来自拉丁语adventus,由ad(to)+venire(come)组合演变而成。后来,该词逐渐应用与其他领域,用来表示不同寻常的人或事物的来临或发生。
外来的,偶然的
A series adventitious accidents
adventure
adventurous
adventurer
circumvent
(绕圈子来)设法规避
They find a way to circumventing the law
convention
(一起到来),集会大会
(一起来制定了规则),习俗;协议
social conventions
the Geneva convention
inventory
存货清单
an inventory of the museum’s contents
invent
发明(内部,灵感来了)
subvention
补助金
tort-:=twist表示扭曲
contort
弯曲的,扭曲的
contorted limbs
distort
dis-分开+tort扭,(扭的快分开了)=完全扭曲
歪曲
This article gave a distorted picture of her childhood
torture
折磨
torment
使人痛苦的东西
torque
转矩
tortile
扭曲的,弯曲的,卷的
torch
火炬
torch(火炬):古代人用麻绳扭曲而成的火把 西方古人将麻绳浸泡在蜡油中,然后将两股麻绳拧成一股,做成照明物,在拉丁语中称为torca或torqua,来自拉丁语动词torquere(扭曲),经由法语进入英语后拼写演变成torch(火炬)。
extort
敲诈;强夺
The gang extorted money from over 30 local businesses
retort
反驳
‘Don’t be ridiculous’.He retorted angrily
serv-=serve:表示服务
deserve
值得
dessert
des(音同dis否定)
dis+sert,(停止服务,表示上饭后甜点)意思为甜点
Shall we move on to dessert
disserve
(不服务,意味着帮倒忙)帮倒忙,危害
serf
农奴;奴隶
servile
奴性的,过度屈从的,缺乏独立性的
They said he had a servile attitude towards her employer
servitude
奴役;任人差遣的状况
Criminals could at one time be sentenced to penal servitude
serv-:保持
conserve
保存(引申为节约)
help to conserve energy by insulating your home
保守
conservation
保护
保持(引申为节约)
To encourage the conservation of the water
conservative
保守的
preserve
保存,维持…原状
He was anxious to preserve his reputation
reserve
保留贮藏
预定
I’d like to reserve a table for three for 8 o’clock
duc-,duct-:=to lead “引导,带来”
abduct
ab(离开)+duct(引导)=(引开),诱拐
She was charged for abducting a six-month-old child
aqueduct
水管,沟渠
aque(水)+duct(引导)=水管
deduct
de(向下)+duct(引导)=向下拉意味着扣除
Ten points will be deducted for a wrong answer
introduce
introduction
介绍
introductive
前言的
oviduct
输卵管
ovum
卵子
ova
ovum的复数
product
(向前引导)产品,乘积
The product of 11 and 11 is 121
reduce
减少
reduction
减少
reductor
减速器
seduce
诱奸,引诱
seduction
魅力
seductive
诱惑的,引人注意的
viaduct
高架桥
ventiduct
通风管道
conduce
有益于
conclusion:pressure,to some extent,conduces to push people
conduct
con(共同)+duct(引导)=组织,安排,实施,之行
The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner
举止,表现
He conducted himself far better than expected
传导(电,热等)
educate
教育
ductile
易延展的
Steel in this class is tough,ductile and easily machined
seg-,sect-;=cut“切,割”
bisect
A diameter is a line that bisects a circle
等分
dissect
解剖
详细研究(分的很细的看)
Her latest novels was dissected by critics
midsection
上腹部分
sectile
可切割的
section
部分
sector
扇形
segment
部分,片段
secant
正割的
cosec
余割的
gar-:=furniture(装饰)
garniture
装饰品,附属品
garish
穿着花哨的
They climbed the garish purple- carpeted stairs
garment
衣服
garnish
装饰品
pur-purg-:=pure(纯净,净化)
purgatory
purgatory(炼狱):净化有罪灵魂的地方 单词purgatory(炼狱)原本是一个基督教的术语,指的是人死后,灵魂被“锤炼”、“净化”的地方。单词purgatory和pure(纯净)同源,来自拉丁语purus(纯净的),字面意思就是“净化的场所”。“炼狱”在基督教大分裂中曾是引发分歧的教义之一。由于炼狱没有直接来自于《圣经》的根据,故不被大多数东正教、基督新教和基督教系的新兴宗教所接纳,仅被天主教奉为信条。 按照天主教的说法,人信仰基督后即可灵魂得救,死后升入天堂。但是,如果生前尚有罪恶没有赎罪,或没有充分地悔罪,死后灵魂并不能马上升天,而是先要在炼狱中进行净化。但丁在《神曲》中提到,炼狱共有9层,生前犯有罪过,但可以得到宽恕的灵魂,按人类的七大罪过,分别在那里忏悔罪过,洗涤灵魂。 在1095年时,教皇乌耳班二世曾为鼓励十字军的士兵,演说应许参加圣战的人可以减少在炼狱中受苦的时间,而丧生者,更可不经炼狱直接进天堂。 现在,purgatory不仅表示“炼狱”,常常用来比喻磨炼、暂时的苦难。
His experience this time was like going through purgatory, he had suffered a lot
purge
清洗,整肃
a purge of miliary commanders
pure
impure
expurgate
删改,修订
从外部净化
Most chilren read an expurgated version of Grimms’ fairy tale
pureness
纯洁,纯净
purist
纯粹主义者
Puritan
清教徒
purgation
清除
purgative
泻药
通便的
pen-,pun-:=penalty,表示“处罚”
penance
赎罪,懊悔
as a penance for his sins
苦事
she regards her living in New York as a penance;she hates big cities.
penal
刑法的,应受刑罚的
Criminals could at one time be sentenced to penal servitude.
penalty
惩罚
The penalty for travelling without a ticket is 200 dollars
penalize
惩罚 v
U will be penalized for poor spelling.
penitent
后悔的,忏悔的
he sat penitently in his chair by the window
repent
忏悔
God welcome people who repents
punish
impunity
不受惩罚
These gangs operate with apparent impunity
tact-, tag-,tig-,ting-:=touch表示“接触”
tactual
The most amazing tactual act
触觉的
tactile
触觉的
tactile stimuli
tactility
触觉
The soft and elastic blue glial innovation of material, tactility gentleness, the biggest advantage is not easy to be damaged.
intact
in(否定)+tact=未被接触的,完整的
His reputation survived intact
tact
机智,老练
She is not exactly known for her tact
contagion
接触传染
There is no risk of contagion.
I'm a blood donor; I can't risk any contagion.
contagious
接触传染的
Some diseases are contagious , like colds, flu, and chicken pox.
tangible
有形的
intangible
无形的
sper=hope
desperation
绝望
desperado
亡命之徒
despair
绝望,失望
prosper
(前方有希望)繁荣昌盛
The high street banks continue to prosper
prosperous
繁荣的昌盛的
prosperity
繁荣昌盛
asperity
严厉,粗暴(为了加强希望才严厉粗暴对待)
He pointed this out with some asperity
gnos(t),gnor=know(知道)
gnosis
真知,灵知
Secondly,gnosis should be attained by not blind faith of authority and book
diagnosis
在(身体的两点之间)之间知道
诊断
They are waiting for the doctor’s diagnosis
prognosis
(在前面知道)预测,预言
The prognosis is for more people work part-time in the future
prognostic
预测的
预兆
He regard the bad weather as a prognostic of failure
agnostic
不可知论者,不可知论者的(认为上帝存在与否事不可知的)
Vasari claimed with horror that he was,if not an atheist, then an agnostic
比较(atheist)无神论者
ignorance
忽视
greg=group(群体)
gregarious
群居的;合群的
They are gregarious birds and feed in flocks
aggregate
(加强,群体=)合记;总计
The population aggregates a billion people
aggregation
聚集物
congregate
群聚,聚集
Young people often congregate in the main square in the evenings
disaggregate
分解
egregious
(e出+gregious=脱离群体的,原意为鹤立鸡群的,现在贬义化,意味着极坏的
Better technology and stricter rules have made egregious doping harder
segregate
分开,隔离(se(分开)+群体,分成不同种群,意思为隔离)
a culture in which women are segregated from the men
segregation
隔离
cred-=believe相信
credence
可信性,真实性;信任
They could give no credence to the findings of the survey
credit
信用;贷方
credible
可信的(客)
Her claims seem credible to many
accredit
委任,委派(ac加强+信任=委任他祛去办一件事情。)
He was accredit to Madrid
把。。。归功于
The Arabs are usually accredited with the discovery of distillation
discredit
使丧失信誉
a discredited government
credulous
credulous 轻信的,容易受骗的(主)
Mary is so credulous that she may readily accept any excuse you make.
incredulous
不轻信的,怀疑的
incredulity
不轻信,不相信,怀疑。
forc-fort:=strong表示强大
forceful
强有力的
a forceful personality
enforce
强制执行(法律意义上)
It's the job of the police to enforce the law
You can’t enforce cooperation between the players
reinforce
(Re(再次)+in(进入,注入)+force(力量)=加强;使得更强大)
Such jokes tend to reinforce racial discrimination
fort
堡垒,要塞
The attack succeeded, and the fort was taken
fortress
城堡,要塞
Fear of terrorist attack has turned the conference centre into a fortress.
fortify
(城堡化)意思为修筑城墙,在物质或者精神上加强
A fortified town
fortitude
在面临巨大困难的时候表现出来的勇气=courage
effort
comfort
一起的力量(强大的让人舒适)
comfortable
discomfort
claim,clam=shout“呼叫喊叫”
clamor
喧哗,喧闹声
The clamor of traffic has receded to a distant murmur.
clamorous
喧闹的,吵闹的
They are clamorous for better pay.
acclaim
给予高度评价(加强的说)
People acclaimed his historic decision.
acclamation
(口头)赞成
The decision was taken by acclamation.
declaim
de(向下)+claim(说)=(在公众面前)慷慨激昂的宣讲,慷慨陈词(联想希特勒)
He declaimed against the evils of alcohol.
declamation
慷慨激昂的演讲
Were you present at the declamation contest of Freshmen?
exclaim
惊叫(向外突然地说出由于情绪激动)
'I'm rich!' she exclaimed, waving the money under his nose.
exclamation
惊叫,感叹
proclaim
宣告;宣布
The president proclaimed a state of emergency.
proclamation
宣告,宣布
reclaim
取回,拿回
U have to go to the police station to reclaim your wallet
开垦
reclaimed marshland
clear,clar-,clair=clear(清楚明白)
clearance
许可(清楚的答复)
清除
clarify
(使别人明白)阐明
The aim of this initial meeting is to clarify the issues
clarity
清除,明白,画面的清晰度
clarification
阐明,解释
I'd like to ask Mr. Park a clarification question.
declare
宣称
declaration
宣称
clairaudient
有超人听力的
err=wander,mistake
errant
(游离到别人期望之外的)行为不当的,出格的
She went to Paris to bring her errant son
erratum
勘误表(列于书后)
erroneous
erroneous conclusions
错误的
erratic
不确定的;不规则的(一直游走的就是不规则的)
The electricity supply here is erratic
aberrant
违反常规的(ab相反+err游走=反常的)
aberrant behavior
aberration
异常行为
inerrancy
无差错,绝对正确
error
inerrable
不会错的
unerring
一贯正确的
She had an unerring instinct for a good business deal
erring
犯错的
sol-=sun(太阳),comfort(安慰)
insolate
暴晒
insolate in the sun to distinct
parasol
para-(保护)+sol-(太阳)=遮阳伞
parasol - 降落伞起初用于体育运动和飞行人员救生,后来又广泛用于空投物资和空降人员、回收飞行器或探空仪器等。最早使用降落伞是在18世纪末,第一次表演跳伞的是法国人,用以表示“降落伞”的parachute本是法语。在法语中para-意为warding off(防,避),chute意为fall(降落,下降),所以在字面上parachute是“防止降落”的意思,但汉语却将之译为“降落伞”。作动词用时则表示“跳降落伞”、“伞投”或“空投”。英语还有一个词parasol,结构和parachute极为相似。parasol意为“(女用)阳伞”,它源自意大利语parasole,由para- 'warding off'(防,避)和sole 'sun'(太阳)合成,按字面讲是“防太阳晒”的意思。表示“雨伞”的法语单词parapluie,其结构也大致相同,字面上含有“防雨水”之义。
para-:表示“保护,庇护”
parachute
降落伞
paradise
伊甸园,天堂
paradrop
空投
paratroop
伞兵部队
solarium
日光浴室
arium-表示地方
回忆:aquarium
水族馆
solar
太阳的,来自太阳的
solarize
使过度暴晒,(照片)过度曝光的
console
安慰
solace
安慰,慰藉
He sought solace in the whisky wine
solatium
赡养费
cruc,crus,crux=cross(十字形,交叉)
crucial
crucial - 该词借自法语crucial,但其终极词源却是拉丁语crux/crucis 'cross'(十字架),起初在18世纪时,crucial是作为cross的形容词用的,意为“十字形的”(cross-shaped),主要用于解剖学用语,如crucial incision(十字形切口),crucial scar(十字形伤疤)。crucial的今义产生于19世纪。英国哲学家、英语语言大师、英国唯物主义和实验科学的创始人培根(Francis Bacon, 1561-1626)在1620年发表的一篇全部用拉丁文写的哲学论文中用了instantia crucis 'instance of the cross'这一短语,其中crucis即crux,原意是分岔路口的指路牌,培根用该短语来指能证明两种假设一是一非的事例。就像一个人来到分岔路口,指路牌会指示他往哪条路走,在两种对立的假设中通过实验就能证明哪种是正确的。instantia crucis译成英语就是crucial instance。以后,英国化学家、物理学家和自然哲学家玻意耳(Robert Boyle, 1627-1691)和英国物理学家、数学家和天文学家牛顿(Sir Isaac Newton, 1642-1727)也用了一个类似的拉丁文短语experimentum crucis,译成英语就是crucial experiment。经培根等人这么一用,crucial便被赋予了“关键的”、“决定性的”、“至关重要的”等我们至今仍在使用的词义。(参见crux)
cruciform
十字形的
crucify
十字架上钉死
crusade
十字军东征
战士因携带十字架(都是耶稣徒)
crusader
十字军战士
excruciation
excruciate
拷问,折磨
He excruciate the life's aim, but cannot help the infinity of the time and space, the insignificant of the life, he was analyzing the antinomy of life, seeking ask for the psychic end-result.
excruciating
忍受剧烈疼痛的
cruise
巡航
a luxury cruise ship
cruiser
巡航舰,巡航飞机,巡逻车
crux
十字架形,关键,难题
Where dose the crux lie
fall,fail,fault=err,deceive(犯错,欺骗)
fallacy
谬误
It is a fallacy to say that the camera never lies
fallacious
谬误的(客)
a fallacious argument
fallible
能犯错的(主)
Humans are fallible
infallible
不可能犯错的,一贯正确的
falsify
伪造,歪曲,说谎
The file was altered to falsify the evidence
falsehood
虚假
falsification
歪曲,歪造
failure
失败
fault
错误
default
违约
加强欺骗=违约
Mortgage defaults have risen in the last year
默认值
pend-,pens,pond=weight,expend(称重银子,引申为花销)
compendious
简明的,扼要的
He made a compendious introduction to our class
compendium
汇编,概要
compensable
可补偿的
compensate
com(全部)+pens(花费)=花费的钱全部补偿回来,表示补偿
Nothing can compensate for the loss of a loved one
dispensability
不必要性。
dispensable
不重要的,可有可无的(可分发的因此不是必要的)
They looked on music and art lessons as dispensable
dispensary
药房,领药的地方
dispense
dispense(豁免):基督教会发放的特许状 英语单词dispense来自拉丁语dispensare,是dispendere的反复动词形式,由dis(out)和pendere(称重)构成,字面意思就是“按重量分发”,因此英语单词dispense的本意就是“分发、分配”,并由此派生出dispenser(分配者、药剂师、自动售货机)和dispensary(药房、诊疗所、防治站)等单词。然而,在辞典中,dispense还有另一个更加常用的词义,即“豁免、免除”。这个词义是怎么产生的呢? 原来,在中世纪的基督教会中,教会和主教有权分发一种特许状,拥有这种许可的人享有特权,可以做一些原本禁止做的事,或免做一些原本必须要做的事。拉丁语dispendere常被用来表示这种特许状的分发。由于这种特许状能够“豁免、免除”持有人罪过或责任的,因此dispendere一词也就衍生出“豁免、免除”之意,源自该词的英语单词dispense自然也就继承了这一义项。
分配,分发
The machine dispenses a range of drinks
配药
to dispense a description
dispensation
宗教领袖给予的赦免
She need a special dispensation to get married
dispensatory
同dispensary 药房
expend
花费
Don’t expend all your energy on such a useless job.
expense
费用,开支
expenditure
开支,费用,消费额
pension
养老金,年金(每年都花费的东西)
pensive
沉思的,忧郁的
Jan looked pensive
ponder
沉思,考虑
She pondered over his words
ponderous
慢条斯理的(每一次行动都要考虑很久)
She watched the cow’s ponderous progress
acid-,acri-,acrid,acu=sour,sharp(表示尖,酸)
acerb
尖酸的,刻薄的
However this is not acerb,the contradiction that coordinate
acid
酸
acrid
acrid - 据传大约三百年前,一位英国化学家冥思苦想,欲找一个能表达bitterly pungent(既苦又辣的)这个意思的词。他最先想到的是acrimonious(辛辣的)和acid(酸苦的)。于是,他索性取前者首部和后者尾部缩合成一个词,这就是acrid。
辛辣的,苦辣的
acrid smoke from the burning tyres
acute
十分严重的
acute pain
急性的
acute appendicitis
锐角的
acuity
思维,视觉,听力的高度敏感,尖锐
We worked on improving visual acuity
acidulous
有酸味的
pet-:seek(追求,寻求)
petition
请愿书(追求的状态)
a petition against experiments on animals
petitory
所有权要求
appetence
(加强追求)=强烈的欲望,渴望
When your ability to pay greater than your appetence,you are rich
appetency
渴望,本能,欲望
appetent
渴望的
appetite
胃口,食欲
appetizer
开胃小菜
appetizing
促进食欲的
centripetal
向心的
centripetal acceleration 向心加速度
compete
竞争
competent
有能力的
competence
能力
competitive
竞争的
perpetual
永久的
petulant
petu+ant(追求她的人很多,所以她脾气不傲)=脾气不好的
He picked the pen up with a petulant gesture
sid-sed-sess=seat(坐)
assess
评估(加强,坐在那里)
assess(评估):坐在法官旁边计算罚金或税金数量 在古代西方的法庭上,法官旁边除了坐着书记员等人员外,还有一名辅助人员,他的职责是帮助法官计算当事人应当缴纳的罚金或税金的数量。因为他是坐在法官旁边进行计算的,所以这个计算过程在拉丁语中就被称为assessare,源自动词assidere(坐在一边),进入英语后演变为assess,最初用来表示确定罚金或税金的数量,后来词义得到扩展,可以用来表示其他更多与金额或价值有关的计算和评估。
obsess
(坐在女生的对面)被迷住
He’s obsessed by computer
session
期间,开庭期,学期
assidulity
勤奋
assiduous
(一直坐着的)勤奋的
He was assiduous in his attendance at church
dissidence
意见不同
dissident
意见不同的(分开坐,表示意见不同)
dissident writers
insidious
(坐在里面的=隐蔽的,潜伏的)
The change are insidious, and will not produce a noticeable effect for 15 to 20 years
preside
(坐在前面)主持
Mr smith will preside at the next meeting
president
主席
reside
住,居留(再坐之地)
They reside abroad
sedan
轿车,轿子
sedate
镇静的
sedentary
定居的,久坐的
Pigeons are sedentary birds
sediment
沉淀物
subside
沉淀
subsidy
津贴,补助金
supersede
super(在什么上面)=取代
We must supersede old machines by new ones
saddle
马鞍
sedulous
勤勉的
helio-(太阳)
helioscope
太阳望远镜
hibit=hold(拿住)
exhibit
展览
exhibitionist
爱出风头的人
inhibit
inhibition
prohibit
prohibition
prohibitive
opt-,opto-,ops-=sight,表示“眼睛,视力”
optic
眼睛的,视觉的,光学的
optic nerve视觉神经
optics
光学
optometer
视力计
panoptic
一览无余的,全景的
orn-:=embellish, 表示装饰
adorn
装饰, 使生色
Gold rings adorned his fingers
ornament
装饰
ornate
装饰的,华丽的
suborn
贿赂,作伪证
to suborn a witness
fid=trust,faith(相信,信念)
fidelity
忠诚,诚实,忠贞
fidelity to your principles
confide
倾诉,吐露
She confided all her secrets to her best friends
confidant
密友
She is my confidant
confidential
秘密的,机要的
confident
自信的(主)
diffident
缺乏自信的(主)
He was modest and diffident about her success
perfidy
per-(第二个意思,表示假)
perfidy
背叛,背信弃义
Would the man’s perfidy never reach a limit
periwig
假发
wig(常用的另一个假发单词)
perjure
作伪证
Witnesses lied and perjured themselves
pervert
使堕落,误用
Some people believe that television could pervert the minds of children
perfidious
背信弃义的
infidel
异教徒
affidavit
口供书,证词,宣誓书
I gave an affidavit to the judge about the accent I witnessed.
pon-, pound-=put 放置
compound
混合物, 复合词
expound
阐明解释(摆出来讲义)
I would like you to expound
propound
提出意见
the theory of natural selection, was propounded by liyisa
impound
暂时没收 ,扣押 ,收留(宠物狗)
The car was impounded by police after the accident
compoent
组成的部分
exponent
说明者, 倡导者, 指数
opponent
反对者
postpone
推迟
proponent
支持者, 建议者
nom- ,nomin-:=name表示名字
cognomen
绰号
denominate
命名 ,计量
The loan was denominated in US dollars
These payments are denominated as fees rather than salary
denomination
货币单位
innominate
匿名的
anonymous
匿名的
nominal
名义上的
nominate
提名, 人名
nominee
被提名者
rud-:=rude原始 ,粗鲁
rude
原始的未开化的
粗鲁的
rudiment
基础, 入门(原始的东西)
He has just learned the rudiments of Chinese
erudite
(脱离粗鲁的)知识渊博的
This is an erudite old man
ruderal
杂草
vac- , van- , void=empty空
Avoid
避免
devoid
全无的 ,缺乏的
The man’s voice was devoid of inflection
evacuate
排泄,排空
Thepolice evacuated the area
vacua
真空
vacuity
空虚,茫然,缺乏思考
vacuous
空洞的,没有思想的
A vacuous expression
vacuum
真空吸尘器
void
空虚,空白
vanish
The magician vanished in a sudden
vacancy
空闲,未被占用
vacant
空闲的,空白的,未被占用的
vacate
使空出,搬出,腾出
Clay will vacate the position on June 19.
vacation
假期休假
vibr=swing表示摇摆
vibrant
(一直在震动)充满生机的
a vibrant city
鲜艳的
The room was decorated in vibrant colors
vibration
震动
vibrate
震动
Every time a train went past the walls vibrated.
vibraphone
电颤琴
sati,satis,satur=enough(足够)
satisfaction
satisfy
satisfactory
saturate
使充满,使饱和
The continuous rain had saturated the soil
The company had saturated the market
Saturable
可饱和的
saturant
饱和剂
satiate
充分满足
The dinner was enough to satiate the gourments
Satiable
可满足的
satiability
insatiable
insatiability
san-,sanit-:=healthy
sane
头脑清醒的
insane
头脑不清新的
sanitary
卫生的
sanitorium
疗养院
sanitize
消毒,使无害
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