主谓一致-初中全部考点

英语语法之主谓一致思维导图，包括主谓一致的原则，还有名词作主语、并列结构作主语、非限定分句作主语等内容。

主谓一致

• 定义
  • 谓语在人称和数上与主语保持一致
• 三原则
  • 语法一致
    • 分辨主语的单复数。主语单则谓语单，主语复则谓语复。
    • 应用
      • 谓语动词用单数
        • 不定式、动名词、从句作主语，谓单
          • Helping others is my great happiness.
          • What we should do is a problem.
          • That she doesn't like you is something you should have known.
        • 不可数名词作主语，谓单
          • The age of girls is not something you can ask.
        • 国名、组织机构、书名、报刊名等复数形式的专有名词作主语，谓单
          • One Thousand and One Nights，the United States美国，Times时代杂志等
          • The New York Times 《纽约时报》
          • The Arabian Nights《一千零一夜》 is popular among the young people.
          • The United States is a developed country.
        • 由and连接的并列主语，且每一个都被each，every或no等修饰时
          • each… and each…
          • no… and no…
            • No teacher and no student likes to go swimming.
          • every… and every…
            • Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.
          • many a… and many a…
            • Many a desk and many a chair has been taken out of the classroom.
        • each of+名词复数，“每一个”，作主语时视为单数，谓单 注意：复数名词+each，谓复
          • Each of the students likes swimming.
        • neither of+名词复数（二者都不），谓单 either of+名词复数（二者其一），谓单
        • many a/an+单数名词+谓单=many+复数名词+谓复，“许多”
          • Many a boy likes playing basketbll.
        • more than one… 作主语，谓单 注意：“more +可数名词复数+than one ”作主语时，谓复
          • More students than one have read the book.
        • the number of+名词，“...的数量”，谓单
        • 以-s结尾的学科名词(politics/ physics/ mathematics/ economics等)、疾病名、游戏名作主语时，谓常单
      • 谓语动词用复数
        • the+姓氏复数（表示某一家人），谓复
        • both...and...
        • a number of+名词复数，谓复
        • 以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛、运动会等作主语时，谓常复
          • 山脉 the Himalayas
            • The Himalayas extend along the border of India and China.
          • 群岛 the Philippines
          • 瀑布 the Nigara Falls
          • 运动会 the Olympic Games
      • 视情况而定
        • 就前原则
          • 连同：with，along with，together with，as well as，accompanied by 包括：besides=in addition to，including，like 排除：except，but，rather than 其他：as much as，more than，no less than，such as，instead of，plus
            • Mary as well as Jack likes music.
            • Many students including Xiao Ming want this opportunity.
        • and连接的两个名词作主语
          • 视为两个事物，谓复数
            • The singer and the dancer are beautiful.
            • Both bread and butter are the necessaries of life.(两种食物)
          • 视为同一个事物，谓单数
            • The singer and dancer is beautiful.
            • Bread and butter(=Buttered-bread)is my son's favour.(一种食物)
            • 常见的类似情况还有:
              • "War and Peace"《战争与和平》
              • all work and no play(只工作而不娱乐)
              • science and technology(科学技术)
              • early to bed and early to rise(早起早睡)
              • truth and honesty(诚信)
              • law and order(法制)
              • slow and steady (慢而稳)
              • fish and chips(薯条鱼块)
              • curry and chicken（咖喱鸡）
              • bacon and scrambled eggs(培根炒蛋)
        • none of+名词
          • 名词为不可数名词
            • 主语视为单数，谓语用单数
              • He told me the news but none of it was true.
          • 名词为复数
            • 主语既可被视为单数，也可被视为复数
              • None of us is/are perfect.
              • None of the pens works/work.
        • no+名词
          • no+名词单数=not a
          • no+名词复数=not any
        • 成双成对的名词
          • scissors，clothes，jeans，trousers，gloves，glasses，shoes，shorts，slippers等作主语，谓复数
            • His glasses are cheap.
          • 若这些词前有a/the kind of，a pair of，a sort of，a type of，a series of（一双、一对、一副......)等时，视为单数，two pairs of 视为复数，即根据量词的单复数确定谓语单复数
            • A pair of glasses is on the desk.
  • 意义一致
    • 如果主语形式上是单数但意义上是复数，则谓语复数 如果主语形式上是复数但意义上是单数，则谓语单数
    • 应用
      • 谓语动词用单数
        • 形复意单名词
          • news消息，physics物理，mathematics算术，economics经济，means方法
            • The news is good to us.
            • Physics is my favourite subject.
        • 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主语时，看做整体，谓单
      • 谓语动词用复数
        • the+形容词， "某一类人"，作主语，谓复
          • the rich，the poor，the old， the young
      • 视情况而定
        • all of，half of，most of，the rest of，part of，some of，the remainder of，percentage of，分数或百分数修饰时，根据后面的名词判断单复数
          • The rest of the books are on the desk.
          • The rest of the water is on the desk.
          • Half of the apples are red.
          • Half of the apple is rotten.
        • “许多”一类+可数名词/不可数名词，谓语的单复数取决于名词
          • 这类词有：a lot of，lots of，plenty of
        • a quantity(of)，(large)quantities (of)+可数名词复数/不可数名词，作主语或其修饰的名词作主语，谓语根据quantity 的单复数而定
          • Quantities of money are needed to equip the school.
        • an amount (of)，amounts (of)+不可数名词，作主语或其修饰的名词作主语，谓语根据amount 的单复数而定
          • An amount of money was spent on the project.
          • Amounts of money were spent on the project.
        • 加减乘除
          • 乘法与加法的谓语可单数，也可复数
            • Ten times two is twenty.
            • Ten plus two is twelve.
          • 除法与减法的谓语，只能单数
            • Ten divided by two is five.
            • Ten minus two is eight.
        • one of+复数名词+定语从句，从句中的谓语单复数根据名词单复数而定 注意：the only one of+复数动词+定语从句，从句谓语只能用单数
          • He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai.
          • He is the only one of the students who has been to Shanghai.
        • 集体名词作主语时，根据语境判断强调的是整体还是个体 集体名词有：family，group，team，class，police，public，population等
          • • 强调整体，谓语用单数
              • My family is a big one.
            • 强调个体，谓语用复数
              • My family are fond of football.
  • 就近原则
    • 谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，却与邻近它的名词一致
    • 应用
      • there be 句型
      • 倒装句
        • Here is a letter and a book for you.
        • In the room is found a big table and a great many chairs.
        • Between the houses stands a tower.
      • or 或者
      • either...or... 要么...要么...
        • Either Tom or she is going to the party next week.
      • neither...nor... 既不...也不...
        • Neither the students nor the teacher knows anythiny about it.
      • not only...but also... 不仅...而且...
        • Not only you but also she likes swimming.
        • Not only Jim but also my parents and I have visited a few places of interests since we came to China.
      • whether...or... 是...还是...
        • I didn't know whether some English novels or an English dictionary was wanted.
• 其他
  • 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的词
    • a lot of
    • lots of
    • a large /small quantity of
    • quantities of
    • plenty of