英语语言学 Unit3 Words and Morphology

大学英语语言学第三单元主题——词与词素思维导图，The Nature Of Words、Types of Morphemes、Morphological Processes。

Words and Morphology

• The Nature Of Words
  • What Is a Word?
    • Definition：a word contains one or more morpheme that can stand on its own
      • A word can stand alone in the sense of phonology
      • A word can stand on its own in terms of its structure
      • A word can stand alone in terms of its grammatical performance
    • Morpheme 词素
      • The smallest unit of meaning in language
    • Lexeme 词位/像
      • A lexeme can be understand as a family of words that differ only in their grammatical endings
  • Content Words and Function Words
    • Content Words
      • Noun
      • Verb
      • Adjective
      • Adverb
    • Function Words
      • Complementiser
      • Pronoun
      • Article
      • Demonstration
      • Auxiliary verb
      • Prerosition
      • Conjunction
• Types of Morphemes
  • Free Morphemes
    • their own can stand as words
  • Bound Morphemes
    • can not function as words by themselves
  • Root
  • Stem
  • Affix
    • Prefix
    • Suffix
    • Infix
    • Circumfixes
• Morphological Processes
  • Major
    • Derivation
      • Derivational affixes
      • Derivational morphemes
    • Compounding
      • Attributive Compounds 修饰复合词
      • Coordinative Compounds 并列复合词
      • Subordiantive Compounds 从属复合词
      • Synthetic Compounds 合成复合词
      • Root Compound 词根复合词
    • Inflection 曲折变化
      • Inflectional Affixs 词缀变形
      • Inflectional Morphemes 词素变形
  • Minor
    • Coinage
    • Blending
    • Backformation
    • Clipping
    • Acronym
• Argument 论元
• the change of the category of the base lexeme
  • Categorisation 词类化
  • Categoriser 词类标志
  • Categorial Feature 词类特征
• Allomorphs 语素变体
• Allomorphy 同位语素变体
• 既有前缀特性，也有后缀特性