英语语言学第七章language change

英语语言学第七章语言的变化，词汇和语义的变化，最近的一些趋势，历史语言学的一些定义，形态和语法变化，语言变化的原因。

Chapter 7Language change

• Lexical and semantic change
  • Addition of new words
    • coinage 创新词
    • clipped words 缩略词
    • blending 紧缩法
    • acronyms 首字母缩略法
    • back - formation 逆构词法
    • functional shift 功能转换法
    • borrowing借词法
  • Loss of words
  • Semantic changes
    • Semantic broadening 词义的扩大
    • Semantic narrowing 意义的缩小
    • Semantic shift 意义转换
• some recent trends
  • moving towards greater informality
  • the influence of American English
  • the influence of science and technology
    • space travel
    • computer and internet language
    • ecology
• Causes of language change
  • Rapid development of science and technology
  • Social and political charges & political needs
  • Woman go out for work leading to new neutral job titles
  • Language acquisition of children
  • Economy of memory
  • Regularization of exceptional plural forms
• Morphological and syntactic change
  • Addition of affixes 前缀的增加
  • Loss of affixes 词缀的消失
  • Change of word order 词序的改变
  • Change in negation rule 否定规则的变化
• Phonological change
• Definition of historical linguistics
  • description and explanation of language changes that occurred over time