美国文学

一张思维导图带你学习美国文学的知识内容，包括殖民主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、二战前的美国文学、世纪非裔文学、世纪美国戏剧等。

American literature

• 1. 殖民主义
  • 1.1. 背景
    • 1.1.1. 1906，James town 
    • 1.1.2. 清教徒寻求自由
    • 1.1.3. 清教主义
      • 1.1.3.1. 象征主义
      • 1.1.3.2. 写作方式简洁
      • 1.1.3.3. 受到圣经影响
  • 1.2. John Smith
    • 1.2.1. status：用英语写作的第一位美国作家
    • 1.2.2. The General Story of Virginia
    • 1.2.3. A Decription of New England
  • 1.3. Edward Taylor
    • 1.3.1. status：冥想诗人
    • 1.3.2. huswifery
    • 1.3.3. Upon a Spider Catching a Fly
• 2. 浪漫主义
  • I. 背景
    • I.1. 兴盛于19世纪上半叶
    • I.2. 宗教自由
    • I.3. 美国意识到于欧洲的不同，民族自豪感
  • II. 早期浪漫主义
    • II.1. Washington Ivring
      • II.1.1. The Sketch Book
      • II.1.2. 两部传记
      • II.1.3. 地位：美国文学之父
      • II.1.4. 第一位赢得国际名声的美国作家
      • II.1.5. 美国的Goldsmith
    • II.2. James Fenimore Cooper
      • II.2.1. The Spy
      • II.2.2. Leather Stocking
      • II.2.3. 地位：美国的Scott
      • II.2.4. status
        • II.2.4.1. 西部小说
        • II.2.4.2. 首部历史传奇小说
  • III. 中期浪漫主义
    • III.1. Henry David Thoreau
      • III.1.1. Welden
      • III.1.2. status
        • III.1.2.1. 文明的葬送者
        • III.1.2.2. 20世纪才有读者的三位作家
    • III.2. Nathaniel Hawthorne
      • III.2.1. The Scarlet Letter
      • III.2.2. The Marble Farn
      • III.2.3. status
        • III.2.3.1. 年轻的霍桑对祖先非常不满
          • III.2.3.1.1. 霍桑心中的黑暗
          • III.2.3.1.2. 一生都被罪恶感包围
        • III.2.3.2. regarded as the originator of romantic and psychoanalytic novels in American literature.
      • III.2.4. writing style
        • III.2.4.1. Attack religious fanaticism and narrow-minded and hypocritical religious doctrines
        • III.2.4.2. Wild imagination, magical symbol
  • IV. 晚期浪漫主义
    • IV.1. Edgar Allen Poe
      • IV.1.1. The Duc De L'Omelette
      • IV.1.2. To Margaret
      • IV.1.3. status
        • IV.1.3.1. American poet, novelist, and literary critic of the 19th century, an important member of the American Romantic movement
      • IV.1.4. writing style
        • IV.1.4.1. The horror novel bears the character of romanticism
        • IV.1.4.2. Pay attention to the effect of unity, must always think of the predetermined outcome
        • IV.1.4.3. express their understanding of the world and human nature in symbolic and metaphorical ways
• 3. 现实主义
  • A. 背景
    • A.1. 内战后的迷茫
    • A.2. 财富奇迹增长的时代
  • B. Henry James
    • B.1. A Passionate
    • B.2. Roderick Hudson
    • B.3. status
      • B.3.1. have a great influence on the rise of modernism
    • B.4. writing style
      • B.4.1. Omniscient narrative and realism are evident
      • B.4.2. Tell stories from multiple narrative themes in the first person
  • C. Mark Twain
    • C.1. The Prince and the Pauper
    • C.2. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
    • C.3. status
      • C.3.1. The founder of American critical realism literature
    • C.4. writing style
      • C.4.1. Criticize the hypocrisy of American politican
      • C.4.2. criticize the deformed morality of the United States
      • C.4.3. Criticize the United States of hypocritical religion
      • C.4.4. On the basis of the western humor tradition, it displays extremely exaggerated artistic imagination
      • C.4.5. irony in humor
  • D. 自然主义
    • D.1. Stephen Crane
      • D.1.1. A Girl of the Street
      • D.1.2. The Red Badhe of Courage
      • D.1.3. status
        • D.1.3.1. a famous American writer
      • D.1.4. writing style
        • D.1.4.1. to reveal a truth of life through allegorical imagery
        • D.1.4.2. the language is concise and catchy
    • D.2. O Henry
      • D.2.1. The Gift of Maggie
      • D.2.2. status
      • D.2.3. writing style
        • D.2.3.1. dramatic plot design, foreshadowing
        • D.2.3.2. draw the outline of contradiction
• 4. 二战前的美国文学
  • 4.1. 背景
    • 4.1.1. Various schools of thought emerged
    • 4.1.2. Contradictions in a highly developed capitalist society
  • 4.2. F. Scott Fitzgerald
    • 4.2.1. The Roaring Twenties
    • 4.2.2. The Jazz Age
    • 4.2.3. status
      • 4.2.3.1. A spokesman for the jazz Age in the 1920s and one of the representative writers of the Lost Generation
    • 4.2.4. writing style
      • 4.2.4.1. Self - experience writing with an autobiographical bent
      • 4.2.4.2. humorous and delicate in style, fluent in speech and rigorous in structure
      • 4.2.4.3. Dual narrative perspective" narrative mode
  • 4.3. William Faulkner
    • 4.3.1. Light in August
    • 4.3.2. Absalom，Absalom！
    • 4.3.3. status
      • 4.3.3.1. The representative of stream of consciousness literature in the United States
    • 4.3.4. writing style
      • 4.3.4.1. Multi-angle narrative
      • 4.3.4.2. Syntax is often peculiar and distorted
      • 4.3.4.3. Symbolic metaphor
      • 4.3.4.4. mythical patterns
• 5. 20世纪非裔文学
  • 5.1. 背景
    • 5.1.1. Referred to as Black American literature
    • 5.1.2. 始于18世纪中期
  • 5.2. Jupiter Hammon 
    • 5.2.1. An Evening Thought
    • 5.2.2. status
      • 5.2.2.1. African-American poet
  • 5.3. Phillis Wheatley
    • 5.3.1. Poems on various Subjects 
    • 5.3.2. status
      • 5.3.2.1. A Poet for Freedo
    • 5.3.3. Religious and Moral
• 6. 20世纪美国戏剧
  • 6.1. 背景
    • 6.1.1. 始于1916年奥尼尔 东航卡迪夫
    • 6.1.2. 成熟1945年田纳西威廉姆的玻璃动物园
  • 6.2. Elmer Rice
    • 6.2.1. On trail
    • 6.2.2. The Adding Machine
    • 6.2.3. status
      • 6.2.3.1. One of the most famous playwrights on the American stage for nearly forty years
  • 6.3. Susan Glaspell
    • 6.3.1. The Verge
    • 6.3.2. Trifles
    • 6.3.3. status
      • 6.3.3.1. prolific artist
    • 6.3.4. writing style
      • 6.3.4.1. 
• 7. 当代文学
  • 7.1. 背景
    • 7.1.1. Unprecedented economic and cultural prosperity
    • 7.1.2. Diversified artistic pattern and artistic exploration
    • 7.1.3. More and more people of a new type will come to the fore.
  • 7.2. the anti-war
    • 7.2.1. Black humour
      • 7.2.1.1. Joseph Heller
        • 7.2.1.1.1. Catch -22
        • 7.2.1.1.2. Picture this
        • 7.2.1.1.3. status
          • 7.2.1.1.3.1. the representitive of black humour in 20th century
        • 7.2.1.1.4. writing style
          • 7.2.1.1.4.1. based on real life
          • 7.2.1.1.4.2. surealism
          • 7.2.1.1.4.3. use absurd words
          • 7.2.1.1.4.4. highly exzagerated and vague language
          • 7.2.1.1.4.5. caricature life
  • 7.3. The beat of generation
    • 7.3.1. Saul Belllow
      • 7.3.1.1. The Actual
      • 7.3.1.2. A theft
      • 7.3.1.3. status
        • 7.3.1.3.1. considered one of the most famouscontemporary American writers
      • 7.3.1.4. writing style
        • 7.3.1.4.1. 
      • 7.3.1.5. awards
        • 7.3.1.5.1. Academy of Arts and Literature Award
        • 7.3.1.5.2. 
  • 7.4. minority fusion writers
    • 7.4.1. Amy Luth Tan
      • 7.4.1.1. The Joy Luck Club
      • 7.4.1.2. The Chinese Siamse Cat
      • 7.4.1.3. awards
        • 7.4.1.3.1. Best Novel award
        • 7.4.1.3.2. National Book Awards
        • 7.4.1.3.3. Barnes & Noble Writers award
      • 7.4.1.4. writing style
        • 7.4.1.4.1. The unique cultural identity and survival experience reproduces the image of China
        • 7.4.1.4.2. With autobiographical nature, good at describing the delicate feelings between mother and daughter
        • 7.4.1.4.3. It shows the positive side of traditional Chinese culture
      • 7.4.1.5. status
        • 7.4.1.5.1. She is a famous Chinese American writer
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