导图社区 英语国家概况Chapter2 British History
英语国家概况Chapter2 British History,介绍了The founding of the nation、Transition to the Modern Age、The Rise and Fall of the British Empire、Britain Since World War I I。
编辑于2022-06-03 21:34:29British History
The founding of the nation
Roman Britain(43AD-410)
The recorded history began with Roman invasion in the years 55BC
Capable administrators and good builders-they build towns such as London, roads.etc
New religion-Christianity
The Anglo-Saxon Invasion(5th-8th)
form the basis of the Modern English race
English replaced the old Celtic language as the dominant language of the land.
St.Augustine converted Anglo-Saxons to Roman Christianity
By the late 7th century,Roman Christianity became the dominant religion in Britain
Danish Invasion
the Vikings attack the English coast
Alfred the Great united the seven Anglo-Saxon kindoms(Heptarchy)
power shifted between the Anglo-Saxons and the Danes
Norman Conquest(from 1066)
William the conqueror won the battle
Mark the estabilishment of feudaliam in England
other wars and kings
Henry II ruled the House of Anjou(the House of Plantagent),include part of France
John,was forced to sign Magna Carta(Great Charter)on June 15,1215
63 clauses
in the interest of the privileged class
the foundation of the British constitutionalism
Henry III(violated the rights of people)→Simon de Montfort
Provisons of Oxford
Provisions of Westminster
the modern idea of a representative parliament emerged
The Hundred Year′s War(1337-1453)
between England and France over trade,territory,security and the throne.
promoted the concept of the English nationalism and the development of the textile industry
contributed to the decline of feudalism in England
The Wars of the Roses(1455-1485)
civil wars between the House of York and the House of Lancaster
The House of Lancaster won and Henry Tudor started the rule of the House of Tudor
England became a national state with an efficient centralized government and started to change from feudalism to capitalism,from medieval to modern
Transition to the Modern Age
The Reformation(religious reformation-a political movement)
immediate cause:King Henry VIII's attempt to divorce
Stop:Queen Elizabeth I(the climax of the renaissance)
the Anglican Church was consolidated
The Civil Wars(Bourgeois Revolution)
war between the Royalists and the Parliamentarian
abolished the monarchy and overthrew the feudal system in England
England was declared a commonwealth and governed as a republic
Charles II restore the throne,putting the commonwealth to an end
Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
Mary and her husband William got the sovereigns
In 1689,the Bill of Rights passed
the constitutional monarchy established
The Industrial Revolution(in the 18th century)
reasons:huge market,enormous wealth, laborers(enclosure movement)
began in the textile industry
by the middle of the 19th century,the Industrial revolution accomplished
the capitalists became the mist important forces and the proletariat came into being
The Rise and Fall of the British Empire
Formation of the Empire(1583-the middle of 20century)
First British Empire:Before the Victoria Age
Second British Empire:during the Victoria Age
Peak:before the eve of World War I
End:the World II
adapted a very aggressive foreign policy:the New Imperialism
Britain in the World Wars
World I(1914-1918)
The Central powers and the Allies(won)
England lost Its sea supremacy and got a huge national debt
World II(1939-1945)
Germany majored in this battle(fascim-Hitler)
England joined the anti-Nazi forces
The Fall of the Empires
The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth of nations.
Britain Since World War I I
Three Majestic Circles(三环外交)
In1949,Britain joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
adopted an isolationist policy