英语动词句型（English Verb patterns)

英语动词句型（English Verb patterns)知识整理，包括：5种英语基本句型、3种担任谓语的动词、每种句子成分的具体表示法、修饰语。

英语动词句型（English Verb patterns)

5种英语基本句型

所以什么句型还是你句子用的谓语动词决定的

谓语动词是决定句子主干结构的核心

不及物动词

句型1

及物动词

句型2或5

双宾动词

句型3

系动词

句型4

主语+不及物动词

Everybody smiled.

主语+及物动词+宾语

He knows everything.

主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

I showed him my passport.

主语+系动词+表语（补语）

The boy looks healthy.

主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语

What made you angry?

祈使句的主语一般都省略掉

3种担任谓语的动词

单一的动词

Who knows?

Water flows.

动词短语（Verbal phrase)

I have been reading (a novel).

Have you got any carbon paper?

Where are you going to stay?

成语动词（Phrasal Verb）

Jane's looking after the children

每种句子成分的具体表示法

宾语

1.名词或代词

Look at the bird (it).

2.数词

I want two.

3.动名词

She loves window-shopping.

4.不定式

I hope to see you again.

5.复合结构

I wish you happy.

6.从句

I suppose you're right.

See what I mean?

7.连词+不定式

I'll show you how to do it.

所以实际英语句型有40多个

修饰语

定语：名词或代词的修饰语

a.数词

Five people were injured.

b.代词

He must marry her, there is no other alternative.

c.形容词

Your nephew is a nice little boy.

d.名词或名词所有格

He majors in computer science.

e.介词短语

My love for you is deeper than the sea.

f.不定式

There is no need to worry at all.

g.分词和动名词

What are the issues facing the workers today?

h.副词

The then headmaster ordered these books.

那时的校长

i.从句

I'll do all I can to help you.

状语：动词，形容词，副词的修饰语

a.副词

Your sister dances beautifully.

b.介词短语

A mother loves a baby from the bottom of her heart.

c.不定式

I'm sorry to bother you with all this.

d.分词

Romeo, believing that Juliet was dead, decided to kill himself.

Stunned by the blow, Peter fell to the ground.

e.形容词

She gave him the overcoat, anxious to be of service.

f.词组

He thought about it day and night.

g.复合结构

The weather being so nice, we didn't want to stay indoors.

h.从句

I'll find her wherever she may be.

i.名词

She is feeling miles better today.

第五类句型：主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾语补语）

多样性

构成复合宾语的宾语补语可以有5种词类8种情况

形容词

名词

介词短语

副词

非谓语动词

不定式

不带to的不定式

现在分词

过去分词

37. 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词（作补语）

1.最常用的跟复合宾语的动词

Sit down and make yourself comfortable.

其它的若：find, make, get, keep, thought, consider, set, believe, like, push, beat, drive, prove, hode, wish, count等...

2.有时可用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放后面去，构成复合宾语的可以是

a.不定式

I felt it necessary to make everything clear.

b.从句

Germany made it clear that she would support OPEC.

38. 主语+及物动词+宾语+名词（作补语）

They named the city Leningrad.

这类动词后也可用先行词it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到句子后面去

He made it a rule to go jogging every morning.

这类句子也可常用于被动结构（后面的部分可说是复合谓语）

This is called numerical control.

People call this numerical control.

39. 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语（作补语）

1.这类句子中的介词短语为宾语的补语，和宾语一起构成复合宾语， 不少动词后也可跟这种结构。

He put his books in order.

2.这类句子也可用于被动结构，下面斜体部分可说是复合谓语。

The thief was found in possession of a large quantity of stolen property.

40. 主语+及物动词+宾语+副词（作补语）

1. 有些动词后可跟带副词的复合宾语

We went to her house but found her out.

Don't leave me behind.

类似动词还有： wish, bring, have, vote, expect, turn, help, declare, drive, let, count等..

2. 这种结构有时也可用于被动形式， 斜体部分可说是复合谓语

My bag has been Left behind.

I have left my bag behind.

41.主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式（作补语）

1.大量动词与不定式宾补复合谓语结构搭配

Who do you advise me to do?

At the meeting they invited me to speak.

其它的这类动词有： get, allow, request, like, compell, force, oblige, wish, hate, prefer, instruct, permit, remind, order, warn, urge, cause, bring等...

+sb/sth+to do

2. 在某些动词后，这类不定式只限于用 to be这种形式（a), 但可用其他动词不定式的完成形式或进行形式（b)

a.

We thought him to be an honest man.

其它类似动词有：consider, suppose, imagine, find, believe, suspect, understand, profe, left.

+sb/sth+to be

b.

He believed them to have discussed the problem.

3. 不定式宾补结构也常可用于被动结构，这时句子可说包含了一个复合谓语。

They were not allowed to see him.

4. 个别成语动词后也可跟不定式宾补的复合宾语。

I'm counting on you to support us.

还有常见的如：waiting for, depend on, called on, prevail upon 等

42. 主语+及物动词+宾语+不带to的不定式（作补语）

有些动词后面的复合宾语中包含一个不带to的不定式

Did you notice him come in?

还有如： let, make, have, watch, feel, hear等...

在被动结构中不定式一概带有to

He was made to recite the whole poem.

43. 主语+及物动词+宾语+现在分词（作补语）

1.有些动词后面可跟带现在分词的复合结构

I saw her chatting with nancy.

其它搭配词如： find, hear, notice, smell, feel, leep, watch, get, bring, catch, imagine, understant, start, hate, remember等

在listen to 和 look at 后面也可跟这种复合结构

Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone.

She looked at him waiting there.

2. 这类句子有时也可用于被动结构

Voices were heard calling for help.

She was seen speaking to a policeman.

44. 主语+及物动词+宾语+过去分词（作补语）

1.有些动词可跟带过去分词的复合宾语

I have heard it said that he is a miser.

其它类似动词有： see, watch, find, get, have, notice, want, wish, make, keep, leave, feel, condider, declare.

2.其中有少数可用于被动结构

Iones was found shot in the head.

第四类句型：主语+系动词+表语

多样性

表语可以有9种具体情况

形容词

名词（代词）

副词

介词短语

不定式

动名词

从句

形容词+介词短语

形容词+不定式

24，主语+系动词+形容词

有些系动词表示处于某种状态

How are you?---I'm fine.

The medicne tastes awful.

其它此类系动词有：feel, look, smell, sound, seem, appear.

有些系动词表示状态的改变或证明如何

Gradually he became silent.

其它的此类系动词有： turn, get, grow, go, come, ran, fall, prove.

有些系动词表示状态的继续

She remained comparatively calm.

其它的此类系动词有：stay, keep, continue, hold.

有些系动词后面可跟分词（很多都已经变成形容词）

现在分词

This food looks inviting.

过去分词

She didn't look convinced.

在个别不及物动词后也可跟一形容词作表语，这类表语接近于一个状语

The soldiers have reterned safe and sound.

类似的不及物动词有：break, dawn, dye, sit, fall, stand, lay, play等

25. 主语+系动词+名词（代词）

1. 有许多系动词后面可跟名词（代词）作表语

That girl was my fiancee.

2. 有少数其他动词后面也可跟名词作表语

She often played the great lady.

3. 有些名词可作表语，意义接近于形容词

All this is no use.

其它例子如： attention, sweetness, tears, smiles, bones, size, age, colour, nationality等

She was all tears(smiles).

I am not fool enough to believe that.

What coulour is your shirt?

26. 主语+系动词+副词

1. 动词be可跟许多副词作表语

Is hellen in?

I have been out for a walk.

I'll see if he is around.

2. 还有少数其他系动词也可以这样用

I feel down today.

类似的系动词： feel, look, keep等

He looks awfully down.

You'd better keep away from that chap.

27. 主语+系动词+介词短语

1. 大部分介词都可以引导短语作表语

I want to consult you. It's about my boy.

2. 一些其它系动词也可跟这种表语

They remained in sad poverty.

3. 这类结构后还可能跟另一个介词短语

He is in charge of the trade union work.

28. 主语+系动词+不定式

1. 有时可用不定式作表语

His plan is to keep the affair secret.

2. 不定式有时需用被动形式

These books are to be read for pleasure.

29. 主语+系动词+动名词

1. 系动词be后面有时跟动名词作表语

Her hobby is collecting stamps.

2. 有时主语和表语都是动名词

Buying such a white elephant is simply wasting money.

30-32. 主语+系动词+从句

30. 最常见的这类表语是that引导的从句（that有时省略）

The first idea was that he had hidden it.

31. 有些作表语的从句由连接代词（副词）引导

That's why I came round.

32. 从句有的由关系代词型的what引导

That's what I whish to do.

33. 主语+系动词+形容词+介词短语

1. be+形容词+介词已成为习语，有时相当于一个及物动词

She was afraid of snakes.

类似习语还有： be short of, be frightened of, be delighted with, be pleased with, be proud of, be sick of, be disappointed with, be worry about, be subject to等...

2. 一些其它的系动词也可用于这类结构

She looked astonished at the news.

其它的如：got(become) used to, feels confident of, grown accustomed to, seem delighted with, running short of, remained ignorant of, prove quite equal to, fell short of等

34. 主语+系动词+形容词+不定式

I'm glad to have the opportunity of talking to you.

I was very sorry to hear that you were ill.

I'm happy to meet you.

35-36.主语+系动词+形容词+从句

35.这类结构用that引导的从句时较多

I'm afraid (that) there is some sort of misunderstanding.

I'm glad you have come.

有时由连接代（副）词引导

We're not clear yet what they're up to.

I am not certain who he is.

They were uncertain whether they could find time to do it.

第三类句型：主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

多样性

间接宾语可以是名词或3种从句

20. 主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+名词

1.某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语

He handed me the letter. =He handed the letter to me.

类似动词有：gave, throw, award, deny, assign, lend, owe, fax, phone...

2. 某些动词引起间接宾语可改为由for引导的短语

She sang us a folk song.= She sang a folk song for us.

类似动词有：make, find, buy, order, play, choose, save, fetch, cook...

3.有些动词后的间接宾语不能改为to或for引导的短语

SHe still bore him a grudge(a grudge against him).

类似的动词有： flung, envy, find, cost, kiss, keep, mean, forgave, set...

21-23. 主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+从句

21.这类句子中的从句多数由that引导（that有时省略）

I'll call betty and remaind her that we are meeting at 8.

22. 也有些从句由连接副词（代词）或连词whether(if)引导

Show me where your leg hurts.

Please advise me whether(if) I ought to go with them.

23. 有时从句也可由关系代词型的what或whatever 引导

Show me what you bought.

Tell me whatever you know about it.

第二类句型：主语+及物动词+宾语

多样性

主要见于宾语多样性

名词

代词

自身代词

同源宾语

不定式

都跟名词

从句

that引导

连接副词/代词引导

还有谓语动词可以是成语动词

5.主语+及物动词+名词（代词）

主+谓+宾

Do you know these people(them)?

Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X rays.

有些动词和名词构成一种习惯用语/习语（Idiom)，有特别的意思

Don't catch cold.

得感冒

This theory doesn't hold water.

站得住脚

Make haste.

快点

make a fuss

大惊小怪

make room

腾地方

make trouble

造麻烦

take effect

起作用

6. 主语+及物动词+自身代词

有大量及物动词可以跟自身代词作宾语

Now I will introduce myself.

He often contradicts himiself.

She killed herself by jumping into the well.

有些成语动词后也可跟自身代词

Look after yourself.

Take care of yourselves.

动词+自身代词可构成固定词组

Don't overwork yourself.

Are you enjoying yourselves?

其它的如： pride herself, busied herself, absent yourself, seated themselves, help yourself, excused himself, behave yourself, pull yourself together, strain yourself, distinguished herself...等

有些动词后可跟或不跟自身代词

Go and wash yourself, Tom.

I must wash before dinner.

7. 主语+动词+同源宾语

同源宾语（Cognate object)？

指在通常为不及物动词谓语后的，与之同源的名词宾语。

Alice laughed a scornful laugh.

He could sleep the peaceful sleep of the young.

She lived a long happy life and died a natural death.

8-13. 主语+成语动词+宾语

6类成语动词

8. 及物动词+副词

He handed in his resignation this morning.

类似的成语动词还有：Cross out, brought forward, bring about, brought on, carry out, put outside, put forth, out forward, put off.

有时副词可放到宾语后面去

I'm not putting my meaning across very well.

类似的成语还有put...off, put...down, put...on, take...of等

可用于被动结构

The rebellion was put down with extreme brutality.

9. 不及物动词+介词

He was looking for summer employment.

类似的成语动词还有：abide by, abounds in, agree to, called upon, looking after, looking for, look into, came on, object, thought of, cosisits with, met with等...

个别这种成语动词可用于被动结构

The baby was looked after by her little sister.

10. 不及物动词+介词+名词

The spring term had come to an end.

类似的成语动词还有：come into being, comming into flower, come into force, falling into pecies, stand at attention, stand on ceremony, went to sleep, went to pieces, fall into bad habits.

11. 不及物动词+副词+介词

The children were eagerly looking forward to the party.

类似的成语动词还有：look down on, look out for, looks out for, looks out on, carry on with, catch up with, came down on, came out against, dates back to, done away with, face up to, feel up to.

可用于被动结构

The day had been looked forward to for a month.

12. 及物动词+名词+介词

Pay attention to your grammar.

类似的成语动词还有：take care of, finds fault with, lost touch with, caught sight of, gave rise to, found favour with, takes delight in, takes notice of, make friend with, gave place to, make reference to.

可用于被动结构

The matter has never been paid attention to.(=No attention has ever been paid to this matter)

13. 及物动词+自身代词+介词（13）

Help yourself to some more meat.

类似的成语动词还有：avenged himself on, accustom himself to, help yourself to, applied himself to, availed himself of, abandoned herself to, dedicate oneself to, devote oneself to, familiarize oneself with, accomodate oneself to, troubled oneself about等

14-15.主语+及物动词+不定式（作宾语）

14.大量的及物动词可以跟不定式作宾语

Someone is asking to see you.

其它的有如：afford, bear, expect, decide, demand, ling, hate, offer, promise, try, wish等

+to do

15. 有些动词后可用连接副词（代词）和不定式一道构成宾语。

I must think what to do.

其它的有如：learn, explain, ask, know, think, wonder, forget, discover等

+Wh...+to do

其它连接（副）代词

how

when

where

who

whether

which

16.主语+及物动词+动名词（作宾语）

Would you mind waiting a few minutes?

其它与动名词搭配的动词请看非谓语动词

17. 主语+及物动词+that引导的宾语从句

1. 大量动词可以跟that引导的宾语从句（that 有时可省略）

I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.

其它的如：suggest, heard, hope, prove, learn, feel, admit, doubt, estimate, claim...

2. 在某些动词后，从句中谓语（在美国）要用动词原形， 在英国多用”should+动词原形“构成谓语（用动词原形的人也不少）

I suggest that we(should) leave early for the airport.

18. 主语+及物动词+连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句

有不少动词后面可以跟连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句。

I didn't know where thet had gone.

其它的如：show, see, ask, care, discuss, remember, said, describe, tell...

有些动词后可以跟由连词whether 或if 引导的从句。

I wonder whether(if) you could give me some advise.

其它的如：ask, see, know, find out...

19.有些宾语从句由关系代词型的what及whatever这类词的引导

I'll tell you what I hear.

You can eat whatever you like.

第一类句型：主语+不及物动词

多样性

主要可存在于不及物动词的修饰语

状语

副词构成成语动词

以及有时用主动表被动的可能

1. 主语+不及物动词

The sun is rising.

2. 主语+不及物动词+状语

Did you sleep well?

She swims like a fish.

3.主语+不及物动词+副词（构成成语动词）

The economic crisis broke out first in the United states.

The engine broke down.

4.主语+不及物动词（有被动的意思）

Protein digests slowly.