Mutations that can lead to cancer

mutations that can lead to cancer. 它们撞击控制细胞生长的基因 这甚至可能引发死亡 They hit genes that regulate cell growth and even possibly

Mutations that can lead to cancer

• Monoclonal and multiclonal tumours
  • Cells within a tumour may or may not have identical genetics (mutations).
• Mutations in early cancer development
  • The mutations locate on the proto-oncogenes and the tumour supressor genes
    • proto-oncogenes aquire gain of function mutations to become oncogenes, or they may cause cancer by the increase of expression levels.
    • Tumour suppressor genes aquire loss of function mutations.
• How can we identify oncogenes?
  • transfer tumour derived DNA into NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts to find out whether the DNA can transform the cells.
    • Criteria for the transformation
      • Cells change its compartments morphologies
      • loss of contact inhibition
        • (it might due to the growth factor independence)
      • gain of substratum and serum independence
    • My question is how can I know exactly which DNA transformed the cell in a bunch of randomly extracted DNA?
  • The cellular derived oncogenes using the method above has many overlaps with the viral derived oncogenes
    • Most viral derived oncogenes have cellular homologous