英语状语从句

一张图吃透状语从句。时间状语从句：when & while & as：当…时，no sooner…than & hardly …when & scarcely … when: 一…就…

状语从句

• 时间状语从句
  • when & while & as：当…时
    • as:随时间的流逝
  • before & after：在…前/后
  • till & until：直到…
    • 句首时，只用until
    • 句中，两者无差异
    • 主句动作是短暂性动词时，用not…until结构
  • since: 自从…
  • as soon as: 一…就…
  • before & prior to +n: 在…之前
    • eg: the contract must be signed prior to the opening of formal discussions.
  • once & immediately & directly： 立马，马上
  • no sooner…than & hardly …when & scarcely … when: 一…就…
    • 倒装：Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
• 原因状语从句
  • because
    • 语气最强
  • since = now that: 既然
    • 已知且显然的理由，常在句首
      • eg: since/now that you are grown up, you should…
  • As
    • 理由最弱，只对主句的附加解释，重点在主句
  • For
    • 只放于句中，主从句间逗号隔开； 不是直接原因，表推断式解释说明
      • eg: he must be tired, for he went to bed early.
  • Given that: 鉴于，考虑到…
    • that后从句是基于共同认识和已有事实
      • Eg: given that you have been promoted, the contract will be revised.
  • Seeing that/considering that: 鉴于, 考虑到
• 条件状语从句
  • if条件句
    • 可能发生： “主将从现”
    • 非真实条件句（虚拟）
      • 对现在事实的虚拟
        • Eg: if I were a boy, I would roll out of bed in the morning.
      • 对过去的虚拟
        • Eg: if I had studied harder, i would have passed the exam.
      • 对将来的虚拟
        • 一般常用于文学作品中。
  • Unless: 除非…
  • provided that/providing that & On condition that:如果
  • As long as / so long as: 只要
  • In case: 万一
• 让步状语从句
  • Though & although: 虽然
    • 不能同时和but同时出现，但可以用（yet/still）
      • Eg:although he has a lot of money, (yet/still) he is unhappy.
  • Even if & even thought: 即使
  • Whether … or (not): 不管，无论…
    • 提供两种对比的情况
    • Eg: whether he comes here or we go there, ……
    • Eg: whether it rains or not, we…
  • Whatever/whoever/wherever=no matter what/who/where
    • Eg: wherever you go, …
• 比较状语从句
  • 同级比较
    • as + adj/adv + as: 和…一样…
      • Eg: I′m as busy as a bee (is).
        • 省略与主语相同部分is
    • not as(so) + adj/adv + as :和… 不一样
    • 倍数+ as + adv/adj + as: 和…的几本一样； 倍数+ as + much + 不可数名词+ as； 倍数+ as + many+ 复数名词+ as
      • Eg: he earns twice as much money as you.
  • 不同级比较
    • Adj/adv 比较级 + than：比……
      • 比较级通常加-er
      • 多音节词前加more/less
        • Eg: this lesson is more difficult than I expected it to be.
    • The more … the more…: 越…越…
      • The+比较级
      • Eg:the harder I work, the greater process I will make.
• 目的状语从句
  • 补充说明主句谓语动词发生的目的，从句动词通常和may/might, can/could, should, will, would连用
  • So…that…:为了，以便…
    • That 也可省略
  • in order that
  • for fear that & in case: 以防，万一
    • 从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可用陈述语气,根据语境判断
    • Eg: take an umbrella, in case it should rains. Eg: he worked hard for fear that he might be fired by the boss.
• 结果状语从句
  • 主句谓语动词发生的结果
  • so/such 后接 可数名词单数
    • So +adj + a/an + 单数名词 +that
    • such + a/an + adj +单数名词 + that
  • so/such 后接 复数名词
    • So+many/few +复数名词 + that
      • So与表示数量的代词连用构成固定搭配
    • Such + adj+复数名词+that
  • so/such 后接 不可数名词
    • so +much/little+不可数名词+that
    • such+adj+不可数名词+that
  • 接 adj/adv时，只用：so+adj/adv+that
    • such无此用法
    • Eg:he worked so hard that he finally passed CET-4.