导图社区 英国文学
英国文学:The 18th century启蒙主义时期,The finest mock epic poem in English仿英雄体讽喻诗
编辑于2022-09-26 09:52:40 重庆英国文学
Part one early and medieval English literature
The making of England
The Britons
A tribe of Celts
Got its name of Britain, the land of Britons
Primitive people, a tribal society
The Roman conquest
In 55B.C.
Until 78 A.D. last for 400years
410 A. D.
影响
The English conquest
The angles
East midland
Saxons
Southern part
Jutes
Southeastern
合并7th
Anglo-Saxon 古英语是现代英语基础,英国,英国人
The social condition and religious beliefs of the Anglo Saxons
A transition from tribal society to feudalism
Old mythology of Northern Eourpe
Were christianized in the 7th century
Beowulf700-900
Anglo-Saxon Poetry
English literature begin with its settlement in England 5th A D
Minstrels sang heroic deeds
Four are short fragments of long poems
Beowulf over 3000 lines
National-epic
Content
Denmark故事
Character
伟大英雄、人民救星
抗争自然
智,力,勇
领导者与追随者相互忠诚
Feature
Folk legends of primitive northerner tribes
The fights with monsters
头相传6th 数百年,十世纪被写下
Brought by Anglos -Saxons from continental homes
A picture of the tribal society in British Island
在混乱的世界中寻找秩序
Feudal England
The Danish invasion787
king Alfred the Great
The Anglo-Saxon chronicle
促进古英语时散文发展
A-monument of Old English prose
Danes occupied the country in 1013 for 30 years
The Norman conquest
French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066
High hand
Language
14th Normans and English intermingled
封建制度建立
Social feature
landbods and peasants.……
The miseries of the peasants
Black Death
A statute of laborers
The war between England and France1337-1377
A poll-tax
The rising of 1381
Wat Tyler and John ball
Had shaken the feudal system in England to the root
Romance中世纪
Content
Cycles
The Death of King Arthur
Verse, metrical form
Class nature
Chaucer
Works translated from French: the Romaunt of the Rose
adapted from the Italian:Troilus and Criseyde
完整长诗最伟大作品
Longest complete poem over 8000 Lines.
Taken from a poem by Boccaccio
A full and finished romance
Medieval romance lacked :人物与事件的有趣
Purely English: The Canterbury Tales
最终的诗歌成就
总序与24个故事
每人讲2个故事
讲了什么
Masterpiece
The whole poem is a collection of stories strung together with a simple plan
Spring evening, London bridge,
30人 pilgrims Beguile the journey by story-telling
巴斯夫人
contains all major types of medieval literature
称号
The founder of English poetry
The poets' corner : Westminster abbey
人文主义使者
A forerunner of humanism
第一个现实主义作家
The founder of English realism
英语语言大师
中世纪英语
从法国引进押韵诗节
Heroic couplet
The first great poet who wrote in the English language
Made the dialect of London the foundation for modern English speech
立场
反教会反贵族反神职
人文主义
时代背景
古英语时期450到1066
罗马
英国
中世纪英语1066-1510
丹麦
诺曼
英语语言的特点
文学特点
古
诗歌,英雄事迹
头韵、隐喻,保守陈述
中
基督教义
封建等级
骑士精神
传奇文学
民谣
农民的文学
Part two the English Renaissance
Old England in transition
The New monarchy
The Hundred year's War with France1337-1453
The war of Roses1455-1485
Tudor dynasty a centralized monarchy
The reformation
A political movement in a religious guise
The English Bible
The enclosure movement
The commercial expansion
The war with spam
The Renaissance and humanism
William Caxton
The first English printer
The beginning of the English Renaissance
Thomas more
Utopia
book 1 society
Book 2 an ideal communist society
英国最伟大的人文主义学者
The flowering of English literature 16 th 上半期
Edmund Spenser
The shepherd's calendar
The faerie Queen
称号
The poet's poet
Spenserian stanza ababbcbc
A model of poetical art among the Renaissance English poets
Francis bacon
Advancement of learning
New instrument
Inductive method of reasoning
Essays
称号
The founder of English materialist philosophy
The founder of modern science in England
The first English essayist
Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard
Sonnet from Italy to England
首创韵脚ababcdcdefefgg
翻译埃涅伊德用了无韵诗
Sir Philip Sidney
Critical essay :Apology for poetry
Sonnet sequence:Astrophel and Stella
Prose romance:Arcadia
Drama
类型
mistery,miracle, morality, Interludes, classical plays
观众
剧场
剧作家
Christopher Marlowe
Tamburlaine
野心
The Jew of Malta
财富贪欲:Barabas— Shylock
Doctor Faustus
知识道德教训 悲剧
马洛戏剧的社会意义
新兴资产阶级精神
知识、自尊、权力、反传统教条
歌颂个性人类解放从中世纪
个人主义带来破坏
文学成就
第一次用无韵诗
称号
The most gifted of the University wits
The greatest of pioneers of English drama
Who first made blank verse rhymeless iambic pentameter the principal instrument of English drama
Paved the way for theplays of the greatest English dramatist shakespeare
William Shakespeare
Ben Jonson
Every man in his humor
人占主导地位的激情讽刺
Volpone
The alchemist
Bartholomew-fair
下层人写照
称号
In his later years became the literary king
A forerunner of classicism in English literature
1616年成第一位桂冠诗人 poet-laureate
时代背景
封建贵族向新兴资产阶级时过渡
享七都铎亨八宗改
强化资产阶级
伊丽莎白统治时期
工业发展 贸易扩张
1588打败西班牙无敌舰队
经济和国际影响力
文艺复兴运动14c到17c中期和人文主义
反叛封建制度和教会
人文活动与古典文学
拉丁
希腊
中世纪到现代社会过渡
14c后半期乔叟
印刷术
圣经与戏剧
Part three the period of the English bourgeois revolution
The English Revolution and the restoration
The weakening of the tie between monarchy and bourgeoisie
The clashes between the king and parliament
The outburst of the English Revolution
The split within the revolutionary camp
The bourgeois dictatorship and the restoration
The religious cloak of the English Revolution
Puritanism
Literature of the revolution-period
统一精神与爱国主义
John Milton
作品
Paradise lost
A long epic divided into 12 books
Satan
Taken from Bible: the old testament—The tragedy of Adam and Eve Theme—The Fall of man
Adam and Eve— good and evil
Paradise Regained
基督教的美德战胜了邪恶
Samson Agonistes
A blank verse tragedy
Lycidas
Pastoral elegy
Areopagitica
…………
生平
地位
The greatest poet and pamphleteer in middle 17th century England
The greatest English revolutionary poet of the 17th
Political in both his life and art
Wrote the greatest epic in English literature
A master of blank verse
A great stylist
Grand style
has been admired for his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression
Two patterns of English verse,with Shakespeare
Metaphysical poets
John Donne
The founder of the physical school of poetry
The youthful love lyrics
Songs and sonnets
Scared verses
Devotions upon Emergent Occasions
Use of conceit— elaborated metaphor
George Herbert
Wrote his poems by drawing comparisons from the Bible and the liturgy
His poems has a deep religious devotion, linguistic precision, metrical agility and ingenious use of conceit
The Temple宗教诗集
The Altar祭坛
Virtue, poem
Andrew Marvell
To His Coy Mistress
The seizing of erotic pleasure before the onsetinevitable death
Henry Vaughan
Richard crashaw
Mysticism in content and fantasticality in form
Cavalier poets
John Dryden
Advocated and carried outin practice the literary theories of neo-classicism
All for love
An Essay of Dramatic Poesy
Poet, critic, playwright
时代背景
1642-1649资产阶级革命,内战结束建立共和政体
1660查理二世复辟
1688光荣革命,荷兰威廉,封建制度结束
文学
深奧晦涩学问领域
诗歌主导,最著名弥尔顿
小说散文以班扬的《天路历程》Bunyan Puritan write,The Pilgrim’s Progress , allegory 为代表
写作技巧religious allegory
Christian人物
The novel Vanity Fair,its subtitle is a novel without a hero
简单,清晰,规则
约翰德莱顿成为最重要的诗人和评论家
The 18th century启蒙主义时期
The enlightenment and 18th century England
Classicism
Richard Steele
Joseph Addison
Alexander pope
The finest mock epic poem in English仿英雄体讽喻诗
The Rape of the lock
enlightenener and the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18th century
Master in the art of poetry and was the greatest of his age
Jonathan swift
Gulviver's Travels
A Tale of a Tub
The Battle of the Books
A Modest Proposal
Daniel Defoe
English novelist
Pamphleteer
Journalist
作品
Robinson Crusoe
Capital singletion
Moll Flanders
Captain Jack
Samuel Richardson
Pamela, or virtue rewarded书信体
Henry fielding
Writer,playwright,journalist
Founder of the English Realistic school with Sameul Johnson
Comic epic poems散文体的滑稽史诗
The History of Tom Tones, A foundling
Adventures and misadventures of a roguish hero
The picaresque tradition流浪汉冒险题材
Expose the hypocrisy and depravity of the ruling class, the poverty of working class
18th century England— social conditions
Samuel Johnson
poet,essayist, critic, journalist, lexicographer, conversationalist
Sentimentalism
Thomas gray
George grabbe
William Cowper
William Blake
British poet, paint, visionary mystic, engraver
proclamied the supremacy of the imagination over the rationalism and materialism of the 18th century
First book of poems, Poetical sketches.
Songs of innocence
Songs of experiences
The Tiger, poem
用儿童视角看世界寓意成人经验
prophetic books
Robert burns
first poem
主题:Scotch and women
My luve is Like a Red Red Rose
Famous love song
Auld Lang Syne往昔时光
时代背景
议会成为领导者
海上霸主
资产阶级权力与欲望
科技发展
文学
启蒙主义思想,理性主义,说教道德,大众教育
理性、知识,教育,道德,社会秩序.公正以及人类尊严
新古典主义
感伤主义
Part five romanticism
湖畔派诗人 Lake poets, lived in the Lake District in the northwestern part of England较早的浪主诗人, conservatives
Wordsworth
生平
The orphan was taken in charge by relatives
Cherished a love of nature
He joined the moderate republicans in France
Revolt against social iniquities
A sympathy for the poor
His sister Dorothy induced him to transform his observation of the landscape into the revelation of the beauty of nature in poetry
With the establishment of the Jacobin dictatorship and the rise of Napolenon in France———give up his former political enthusiasm
地位
Poet laureate桂冠诗人,a great poet of nature
The representative poet of the early romanticism
A masterhand in searching and revealing the feelings of the common people
写作特点
things of everyday,the lower classes in the English countryside
Searching and revealing the feelings of the common people
Poem—rural life and the lower classes in English countryside,His poetry is simplicit and the purity of language,Back to nature and the patriarchal system of the old time宗法制度
思想日趋保守 decline and fall
The Recluse, long poem
The Prelude序曲,masterpiece,growth of pot’s mind
Autobiographical poem in 14books
Show the development of his own sentiment and thought
1798Lyrical Ballads with Coleridge
The Preface序言
诗歌创作前提-表达人情感 individual sensations ——all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling
浪漫主义诗歌宣言 the manifesto of the English Romantic Movement in poetry
The beginning of the Romantic revival in England,Marked the break with classicism
热爱自然
Lines written in the Early spring 早春遣句
To the cuckoo 致杜鹃
I wandered lonely as a cloud, The Daffodils
The harmony between nature and the poet himself
Written in iambic tetrameter,ababcc
My heart leaps up我心雀跃
Intimations of immortality 永生颂
Lines Composed a few miles above Tinter Abbey 丁登寺杂咏
Short poem
lyrical hymn of thanks to nature
农村
The solitary reaper
We are seven
Michael
The ruined cottage
Simon Lee
The old Cumberland beggar
Lucy
A series of short pathetic lyrics
Harmony between humanity and nature
受资产阶级剥削,将大自然作为精神避难所,要求回到封建主义,反对工业革命,消极逃避现实的浪漫主义者
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
写作特点
supernatural, Romantic
地位
Poet and critic
A literary critic, good at giving lectures
Notes and lectures on Shakespeare
The first critic of the Romantic school
A highly gifted man and a great dreamer
日趋保守
作品
The fall of Robespierre
With Southey, a poetical drama in three acts
Set up a utopian agricultural community, the Pantisocracy,—They are dreamer
Lyrical Ballads,with Wordsworth
Frost at Midnight, conversation poem,literary criticism
Best poems
Kubla Khan
Dream poem,54 lines,or A vision in a Dream
christabel
Unfinished poems
A sorcerer casts a spell over a pure girl
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
Long poem in the form of ballads about sin and its expiation
One of the masterpieces of the romantic poetry
The poem introduces the reader to a supernatural realm, but it manages to create a sense of reality
Included in the lyrical Ballads
自然与超自然平凡与非凡的结合
Robert Southey
地位
The underdog— his poetry is hard to read
The Satanic撒旦派 school as Southey called Byron and Shelley
Poet laureate
Revolutionist to a Tory
Hard worker
his works A little old fashions but it reflects modern ideas
作品
Thalaba the Destoryer,epic
Inspired by the French Revolution
Joan of Arc, epic
Wat Taylor,drama
The Fall of Robespierre ,drama,with Coleridge
Tory Quarterly Review,a leading contributor
A Version of Judgement, a poem
诗人
The Inchcape Rock
The Battle of Blenheim
My days among the dead are passed
散文家
The Life of Nelson
浪漫诗歌, irregular rhmeless verse,liberate romantic prosody from 18th century restraints
Thalaba the Destoryer
Madoc
The Curse of keharma
Roderick, the last of Goths
年轻一代浪主诗人
George Gordon Byron
Hours of Idleness, lyrical verse
还是学生
First collection of poems
Childhood,friendship
English Bards and Scotch Reviewers,讽刺长诗
Caused great shock in the upper classes
Leave England
地位
A staunch champion of people's cause
Songs for the Luddites支持被镇压的工人
Spoke in defence of the English proletariat
romanticist and a realist
His leaving England for good marked his spilt with the reactionary British government and the hypocritical English high society—去了 Switzerland
1788法国大革命前一年出生,1824, died of fever in Greece
The first two cantos of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage,long poem
一夜成名
Oriental tales,the Byronic heroes
Giaour
The Bride of Abydos
The Corsair
Lara
Parisina
The Siege of Gorinth
Hebrew melodies, lyrical pieces
She Walks in Beauty, Chosen from Hebrew melodies
In Switzerland,the influence of Shelly
Prometheus
Sonnet on chillon
The prisoner of Chillon, a narrative poem
Manfred, philosophical poetic drama
In Italy
The third and forth cantos of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
Contains four cantos, long poem
The spenserian stanza,ababbcbcc
恰尔德年轻贵族周游欧洲
Don Juan,masterpiece in this age,poetical drama, in Italy
16000 lines long in 16 cantos written in ottava rima,八行诗 ,each stanza containing 8 iambic pentameter lines rhymed abababcc
Spanish youth of noble birth
Epic-satire,历史讽刺诗,a satire on abuses of the present state of society
Cain,poetic drama from biblical story
The prophecy of Dante
和中国
At the end of the Qing Dynasty,introduced
The May 4 Movement in 1919, translated
One of the best-known English poets in China
建立一个没有压迫和剥削的社会,年轻积极浪漫主义者,不满资本主义
Percy bysshe Shelley
Queen Mab,first important poem
An allegorical poem he attacks kings, priests, statesman and human institutions
Contains almost all his major social and political ideas
Written in the form of a fairy tale dream
生平
Glorified freedom, exposed tyranny and his sympathy for the oppressed
Gentle and kind by nature, can't stand any injustice
Influenced by the utopian-socialist doctrines of William Godwin
Scandal, leave England for Italy
The Necessity of Atheism, anti-religious pamphlet, expelled from the Oxford university
Religion was an instrument of oppression
Address to the Irish People
Struggle against British domination
Allegorical poem
The Mask of Anarchy, peterloo massacre
The Revolt of Islam
英统治阶级压迫、讽喻,his political and aesthetic ideas
Long poem,revolutionary epic
Lyrical dramas
Prometheus unbounded,masterpiece,Greek mythology
心灵高尚的革命者
The cenci
A historical tragedy on an Italian subject
Peter bell the third, dramatic satire
Hellas, lyrical drama
Adonais, an elegly on the death of Keats
A Defense of Poetry, an essay
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world
Lyrical poem
Ode to the West Wind
Death and rebirth
In the first 3 stanzas the dynamic force of the west wind is manifested in its power on the land, air, sea in deterrent seasons
West wind is the destroyer and preserve it destroys the old world and herald in a new one
In the fourth stanza Shelley wishes that he were a leaf, acbud and a wave so that he could feel the power of the west wind
aba, bcb, cdc,ded,ee
To a Skylark
a magniticient psalm of man's ideal of liberty
John Keats
Long poems 5
Endymion, long allegorical poem
The love between a Greek shepherd and the moon goddess
Love of beauty
Splendid apprentice work
Isabella
Based on Boccaccio's Decameron
The wealth of the rich was earned by the blood and sweat of the working people
The Eve of St.Agnes
Narrative poem written in Spenserian stanzas
Love for sensuous beauty and ability of painting exact word pictures
Lamia
A story from Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy
中国白娘子传奇a praise of faithful love—the appreciation of sensuous beauty
Hyperion
long epic unfinished, greatest poetry
The victory of life and youth over the forces of decay and retrogression, The passing of an old order of things and the coming of a new
Short poem
Create a beautiful world of imagination asopposed to the sordid reality of his day
Leading principle is Beauty in truth
The-most important are his sonnets and odes
Bright Star, sonnet
When I have fear
对其早亡的悲哀预见
Show personality in his odes
Ode to Autumn, Melancholy, a nightingale
Ode on a Grecian Urn
地位
Poor obscure, brutally attacked during his short lifetime, he became well known after death
Beauty in truth,truth in beauty
One of the great English poets
One of the brilliant trio of active romanticists in England英国积极浪漫主义杰出三斗士之一
Lamb
Walter Scott
The only great novelist in this period
Combined a romantic atomosphere with a realistic depiction of historical background and common people's life
He marked the transition from romanticism to realism
Ivanhoe,masterpiece
时代背景
18世纪未至19世纪30年代1798-1832 nature is our soul, advocate a return to nature
浪漫生义盛行的标志
Wordsworth and Coleridge published the Lyrical Ballads
浪漫主义时代的来临
1800 Wordsworth The Preface抒情歌谣集第二版序言
对浪漫主义诗人革命理想最重要的记述
结束
1832沃特 司各特的逝世
原因
工业革命导致社会问题激增Industrial Revolution-complicated contradictions
Old aristocracy was pushed to the background
Capitalists ruined the peasants
A new class, the proletariat came into existence
1775年美国独战争强调个人的平等权利和自立
1789法国大革命是对漠视平民的旧有社会秩序的反抗
Liberty, equality and fraternity
Political writings
Edmund Burke, the Whig Pubuicist
Reflections on the Revolution in France,pamphlet
Reconstruct society by revolution and lamented over the downfall of the royalty in France
Thomas Paine
The Right of Man
Politice were the business of the whole common people
William Cobbett
Weekly -Political Register
Voiced the woes of the dispossessed peasants in the countryside and denounced who robbed the poor
地位:A peasant, a master of clean English prose, the spokesman of the common people
Romanticism
The romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social-strata who were discontent with the capitalism
Two schools
The elder generation of romanticists or escapist romanticists
protest against capitalist development
Frightened by the industrialism
Turned to the feudal past
The younger generation of romanticists or active romanticists
Expressed the aspirations of classes-created by capitalism
Held out an idea, though a vague one,of a furture society free from oppression and exploitation
Writing feature
A dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society
Strong-willed heroes, formidable events, tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions and exotic pictures
Symbolic-methods
Pay great attention to spiritual and emotional life of man
The Romantic Periood was one of poetical revival
Romantic prose
Lamb
Hazlitt
De Quincey
Hunt
The only great novelist
Walter Scott
Combine romanticism with realism
He marked the transition from 浪漫-现实
本质
对人类的本能和感情的宣扬,对自然的敬仰和对于再造新世界的理想
反权威和传统
写作
对深入其心或创造想像的人景事进行描写
强调人的感情,想象,直觉—主观主义subjectivism
诗歌繁盛的时代
无韵体取代英雄双韵体
热爱大自然
赞扬独立自由
对社会、独裁、资主、建压迫不满
对已逝的,非凡的,陌生的,古怪和迷人的事物的浓厚兴趣
文学特点
哲学家和思想家
卢梭法
浪漫主义父
浪漫主义萌发的种子
1761《新爱洛伊斯》
1762《爱弥尔》
埃德蒙柏克
托马斯潘恩
1791《人权宣言》
Part six English critical realism
The rise of critical realism in England
Social background
维多利亚日时期19世纪大部分时间 1836-1901
封建和资产阶级冲突-劳动和资本
The struggle between the workers and capitalists became the fundamental contradiction in English social life
England became a typical capitalist country
社会问题-贫富差距,工人和资本家
An upsurge of labour movements
殖民扩张,国外矛盾
Strengthened it policy of colonial expansion in all parts of the world
Thomas Hood, show his sympathy for the workers and against the exploitation, but still cherished the illusion that the enlightened members of the ruling classes might do something to alleviate the sufferings of the poor
The song of the shirt
Voiced the great misery of the women workers
The Bridge of Sighs
Chartist movement
1836,工人阶级与资产阶级之间矛盾的必然结果,伦敦,1860失败 signified the first great political movement of the proletariat in English history
1834, the establishment of the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union marked a new stage of the English worker’s movement
英国工人阶级作为独立政治力量出现,第一次无产阶级政治运动
The struggle of the proletariat for its rights
The Chartist writers introduced a new theme into literature— the struggle of the proletariat for its rights
The greatest of the Chartist poets is Ernest Jones. 出生贵族支持无产阶级,革命浪漫主义followed the tradition of the revolutionaryromanticism of Byron and Shelley
The Revolt of Hincostan, the new world
An epic of class struggle
the last of the Chartists- Thomas Cooper, ordinary worker
Signified the first attempt to create the literature of the working class by the ordinary workers themselves
William James Linton, a well known agitator
Blade-time Will come, revolutionary lyrics
English critical realism
19th century 40/50, In the fifties and sixties the realistic novel entered a stage of decline
写作
The critical realists described with much vividness and great artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint
The greed and hypocrisy of the upper classes are contrasted with the lower classes,use humor and satire
作家
The greatest English realist of the time was Charles Dickens
Creates pictures of bourgeois civilization, the misery of the common people
William Makepeace Thackeray, critical realist
Satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society
以小说形式创作-(资产阶级社会的史诗)道德说教批判社会不公腐败和痛苦
用辛辣讽刺怪诞风格批判资产阶级,对普通大众的同情
缺点—-作品为改革不是革命,找不到消除社会罪恶的方法, they didn't find a way to eradicate social evils,The chief tendency in their works is not of revolution but rather of reformism
主要贡献—对小说的发展和完善perfection of the novel,showed the broad social conflicts over and above the fate of mere individuals.
The 19th century realistic novels become the epic of the bourgeois society 资产阶级社会的史诗
Women's problem
科技发展-意识形态和宗教信仰改变
1859《进化论》
Charles dickens
Thackeray
The book of snobs
vanity Fair名字来于天路历程班杨的, masterpiece,小标题a novel with out hero,satirical portrayal
Women novelists
Jane Austen
Pride and prejudice,first impression
The Brontë sisters
Mrs. Gaskell
George Eliot
名词解释
头韵
隐喻
保守陈述
史诗
传奇
骑土精神
无韵诗
人文主义
十四行诗
斯宾塞诗节
三一律
诗节
挽歌
清教主义
古典主义
浪漫主义
讽刺
拜伦式英雄