英语语法知识总结

本图为你讲述了有关英语语法的五大基本类型、并列句、名词性从句、形容词性从句、定语从句、副词性从句、状语从句、长难句、介词、四大句型、时态。相信学完后你对对英语语法有更好的掌握，加油！

语法

1.五大基本类型

主+谓

动词就是谓语

实意动词

系动词:is are was were

助动词:do does did be have/has will

情态动词:may should must can would

主+谓+宾

主+谓+宾+宾

主+谓+宾+宾补

判断宾补与宾宾方法:在第一个宾后面加be动词， 如果跟后面成分能组成一个完整句子就是宾补，否则是宾宾

主+系+表

be

=be的动词

2.并列句

and

or

but

3.名词性从句

that+陈述句 YM is tall

陈述句做主语:主语从句 that YM is tall is a fact

陈述句做宾语:宾语从句 i think that YM is tall

陈述句做表语:表语从句 My opinoin is that YM is tall

陈述句与前一组成分一致:同位语从句 the opinoin that YM is tall is right

if/whether+一般疑问句的陈述语句

if/whether+一般疑问句陈述句做主语:主语从句 Whether you will come to BJ tomorrow is important to me

if/whether+一般疑问句陈述句做宾语:宾语从句 I want to know Whether you will come to BJ tomorrow

if/whether+一般疑问句陈述句做表语:表语从句 My question is Whether you will come to BJ tomorrow

if/whether+一般疑问句陈述句与前一组成分一致:同位语从句 The question Whether you will come to BJ tomorrow bothers me

陈述语序的特殊疑问句

主语从句:why are you so clever is mystery

宾语从句:we dont know why you are so clever

表语从句:the question is why you are so clever

同位语从句:the question why you are so clever interests me

从句做名词属性

4.形容词性从句 定语从句

形容词

人

关系代词做主语:who this is the man who saved my life

关系代词做宾语:whom this is the man whom i saved

关系代词做“…的”:whose this is the man whose life was saved by me

物

that:this is the book that i read

which:this is the book which is very popular Ps:有介词出现用which,that不与“，”和介词出现

as:You always work hard ,as everybody know. Ps:as出现一般翻译为正如，当在句子出现such /the some 时，用as

另类形容词

when:i can never fotget the day when i met her

where:i can never forget the place where i met her

why:i can never forget the reason why she dumped me

when where why 在从句子中不做成分

从句做形容词属性

5.副词性从句 状语从句

一个句子做了副词功能就叫副词性从句 完整句子1+连词+完整句子2

时间:After i finish my homework ,I will play game with you

地点:you should have put the book where you found it

原因:i didnt come to work because i was ill

目的:He looked down so that she could not see his eyes

条件:If plastics are burned , they give off poisonous gases.

结果:Ididnt sleep well last night,so i feel sleepy this morning.

比较:You look younger than you are.

让步:Although he studied hard,he didnt pass the examination.

方式:You must try to hold the tool as i do.

长难句

左二右六

形容词

限定词

核心名词

不定式:to do 表将来

分词

过去分词:done表被动

现在分词:doing 表主动

介词短语

定语从句

形容词短语

同位语从句

人为创造的形容词成分，放在句子后面

悬挂结构

表现形式: X,SVO或 SVO,X

X

n.

adj.

to do.

doing/when doing/by doing/after doing/before doing

done.

having done.

子主题

介词

in(在…里面)

on(紧紧的接触_连着)

at(在…点上)

of(的-从属关系)

for(为了/时间/因为/对…而言/支持，赞成)

by(通过…交通工具/在…附近/截止到…时间/被)

with(伴随)

from(远离)

to(指向)

as作为

about(在…附近)

off(脱离，分开)

thought(内部穿过去)

over(在上面，垮过去)

四大句型

强调句

it is/was +强调部分+that/who+句子其余部分

倒装句

完全倒装(谓语动词+主语)

tbere be 句型

分词前置 Standing beside the desk was a teacher

介词或介词短语前置 out rushed the boy out he rushed

形容词短语前置 present at the meeting were Mr White and many other guests

部分倒装(情态动词/助动词+主语+谓语)

only 短语前置 only in this way can you learn English well

否定词前置 seldom do i go to the cineme

虚拟语气

对现在的虚拟 if+didn/were…+would+do

对将来的虚拟 if+were to do/should do …+would+do

对过去的虚拟 if had+done…+would have done

独立主格

结构与悬挂结构一致 但独立主格结构中有自己的独立的逻辑主语 逻辑主语+doing表主动 逻辑主语+done表被动

时态

1.一般现在时 (is/do)

2.一般过去时(was/did)

3.一般将来时(will+do/be going to do)

4.现在进行时(is+doing)

5.过去进行时(was/were+doing)

6.将来进行时(will+be+doing)

侧重时间

7.现在完成时(have/has +done)

8.过去完成时(had+done)

9.将来完成时(will have+done)

10.现在完成进行时(have/has+been+doing)

11.过去完成进行时(had+been+doing)

12.将来完成进行时(will+have+been+doing)

侧重状态

13.过去将来时(would do)

14.过去将来进行时(would+be doing)

15.过去将来完成时(would have+done)

16.过去将来完成进行时(would have been+doing)

关于同位语1:常跟抽象名词有idea problem news fact conclusion belief decision thought explanation 2:同位语从句充当主语过长时，同位语从句与它所修饰的名词常常隔开