英语语法知识总结

本图为你讲述了有关英语语法的五大基本类型、并列句、名词性从句、形容词性从句、定语从句、副词性从句、状语从句、长难句、介词、四大句型、时态。相信学完后你对对英语语法有更好的掌握，加油！

语法

• 1.五大基本类型
  • 主+谓
    • 动词就是谓语
      • 实意动词
      • 系动词:is are was were
      • 助动词:do does did be have/has will
      • 情态动词:may should must can would
  • 主+谓+宾
  • 主+谓+宾+宾
  • 主+谓+宾+宾补
  • 判断宾补与宾宾方法:在第一个宾后面加be动词， 如果跟后面成分能组成一个完整句子就是宾补，否则是宾宾
  • 主+系+表
    • be
    • =be的动词
• 2.并列句
  • and
  • or
  • but
• 3.名词性从句
  • that+陈述句 YM is tall
    • 陈述句做主语:主语从句 that YM is tall is a fact
    • 陈述句做宾语:宾语从句 i think that YM is tall
    • 陈述句做表语:表语从句 My opinoin is that YM is tall
    • 陈述句与前一组成分一致:同位语从句 the opinoin that YM is tall is right
  • if/whether+一般疑问句的陈述语句
    • if/whether+一般疑问句陈述句做主语:主语从句 Whether you will come to BJ tomorrow is important to me
    • if/whether+一般疑问句陈述句做宾语:宾语从句 I want to know Whether you will come to BJ tomorrow
    • if/whether+一般疑问句陈述句做表语:表语从句 My question is Whether you will come to BJ tomorrow
    • if/whether+一般疑问句陈述句与前一组成分一致:同位语从句 The question Whether you will come to BJ tomorrow bothers me
  • 陈述语序的特殊疑问句
    • 主语从句:why are you so clever is mystery
    • 宾语从句:we dont know why you are so clever
    • 表语从句:the question is why you are so clever
    • 同位语从句:the question why you are so clever interests me
  • 从句做名词属性
• 4.形容词性从句 定语从句
  • 形容词
    • 人
      • 关系代词做主语:who this is the man who saved my life
      • 关系代词做宾语:whom this is the man whom i saved
      • 关系代词做“…的”:whose this is the man whose life was saved by me
    • 物
      • that:this is the book that i read
      • which:this is the book which is very popular Ps:有介词出现用which,that不与“，”和介词出现
      • as:You always work hard ,as everybody know. Ps:as出现一般翻译为正如，当在句子出现such /the some 时，用as
  • 另类形容词
    • when:i can never fotget the day when i met her
    • where:i can never forget the place where i met her
    • why:i can never forget the reason why she dumped me
    • when where why 在从句子中不做成分
  • 从句做形容词属性
• 5.副词性从句 状语从句
  • 一个句子做了副词功能就叫副词性从句 完整句子1+连词+完整句子2
    • 时间:After i finish my homework ,I will play game with you
    • 地点:you should have put the book where you found it
    • 原因:i didnt come to work because i was ill
    • 目的:He looked down so that she could not see his eyes
    • 条件:If plastics are burned , they give off poisonous gases.
    • 结果:Ididnt sleep well last night,so i feel sleepy this morning.
    • 比较:You look younger than you are.
    • 让步:Although he studied hard,he didnt pass the examination.
    • 方式:You must try to hold the tool as i do.
• 长难句
  • 左二右六
    • 形容词
    • 限定词
    • 核心名词
      • 不定式:to do 表将来
      • 分词
        • 过去分词:done表被动
        • 现在分词:doing 表主动
      • 介词短语
      • 定语从句
      • 形容词短语
      • 同位语从句
      • 人为创造的形容词成分，放在句子后面
  • 悬挂结构
    • 表现形式: X,SVO或 SVO,X
      • X
        • n.
        • adj.
        • to do.
        • doing/when doing/by doing/after doing/before doing
        • done.
        • having done.
  • 子主题
• 介词
  • in(在…里面)
  • on(紧紧的接触_连着)
  • at(在…点上)
  • of(的-从属关系)
  • for(为了/时间/因为/对…而言/支持，赞成)
  • by(通过…交通工具/在…附近/截止到…时间/被)
  • with(伴随)
  • from(远离)
  • to(指向)
  • as作为
  • about(在…附近)
  • off(脱离，分开)
  • thought(内部穿过去)
  • over(在上面，垮过去)
• 四大句型
  • 强调句
    • it is/was +强调部分+that/who+句子其余部分
  • 倒装句
    • 完全倒装(谓语动词+主语)
      • tbere be 句型
      • 分词前置 Standing beside the desk was a teacher
      • 介词或介词短语前置 out rushed the boy out he rushed
      • 形容词短语前置 present at the meeting were Mr White and many other guests
    • 部分倒装(情态动词/助动词+主语+谓语)
      • only 短语前置 only in this way can you learn English well
      • 否定词前置 seldom do i go to the cineme
  • 虚拟语气
    • 对现在的虚拟 if+didn/were…+would+do
    • 对将来的虚拟 if+were to do/should do …+would+do
    • 对过去的虚拟 if had+done…+would have done
  • 独立主格
    • 结构与悬挂结构一致 但独立主格结构中有自己的独立的逻辑主语 逻辑主语+doing表主动 逻辑主语+done表被动
• 时态
  • 1.一般现在时 (is/do)
  • 2.一般过去时(was/did)
  • 3.一般将来时(will+do/be going to do)
  • 4.现在进行时(is+doing)
  • 5.过去进行时(was/were+doing)
  • 6.将来进行时(will+be+doing)
  • 侧重时间
  • 7.现在完成时(have/has +done)
  • 8.过去完成时(had+done)
  • 9.将来完成时(will have+done)
  • 10.现在完成进行时(have/has+been+doing)
  • 11.过去完成进行时(had+been+doing)
  • 12.将来完成进行时(will+have+been+doing)
  • 侧重状态
  • 13.过去将来时(would do)
  • 14.过去将来进行时(would+be doing)
  • 15.过去将来完成时(would have+done)
  • 16.过去将来完成进行时(would have been+doing)
• 关于同位语1:常跟抽象名词有idea problem news fact conclusion belief decision thought explanation 2:同位语从句充当主语过长时，同位语从句与它所修饰的名词常常隔开