导图社区 大学英语第三课TheAtlantic Ocean
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编辑于2022-08-14 17:25:32这是一篇关于古代阶级的思维导图,主要内容包括:贼人,三教九流,贱民,四民,民,氓,流。在古代中国社会中各自承载着特定的含义和指向,反映了当时社会的阶层结构、职业分工和价值取向。
自考本科C 言说学习,进入“C++语言基础”部分,介绍了C++编程的基础要素,包括“基本的语法”和“三大程序结构”。这张思维导图全面而详细地介绍了C++编程语言的基础知识和核心概念,对于初学者来说是一份非常宝贵的学习资料。
将成人高考数据前三章内容进行详细整理,涵盖了考试的基础知识点、重要概念和关键信息。通过思维导图的形式,这些内容可以更加清晰、直观地展现出来,便于考生理解和记忆。结合图形一目了然。内容实用,有需要的赶紧收藏下来吧!
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这是一篇关于古代阶级的思维导图,主要内容包括:贼人,三教九流,贱民,四民,民,氓,流。在古代中国社会中各自承载着特定的含义和指向,反映了当时社会的阶层结构、职业分工和价值取向。
自考本科C 言说学习,进入“C++语言基础”部分,介绍了C++编程的基础要素,包括“基本的语法”和“三大程序结构”。这张思维导图全面而详细地介绍了C++编程语言的基础知识和核心概念,对于初学者来说是一份非常宝贵的学习资料。
将成人高考数据前三章内容进行详细整理,涵盖了考试的基础知识点、重要概念和关键信息。通过思维导图的形式,这些内容可以更加清晰、直观地展现出来,便于考生理解和记忆。结合图形一目了然。内容实用,有需要的赶紧收藏下来吧!
The Atlantic Ocean
课文
TheAtlantic Ocean 大西洋
The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.
大西洋是把亚、欧、非这个旧世界与南北美洲这个新发现的世界相隔开的一片大沣。若干世纪以来由于有大西洋相隔,使欧洲人一直没能发现南北美洲。
Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it. One idea was that it reached out to "the edge of the world. " "Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth. Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.
有关大西洋的很多错误想法使得古时的水手们不愿把帆船开到大西洋中心的海面上去。一种错误想法就是大西洋已经延伸到"世界的边缘"上了。水手们怕帆船会从地球上掉下去。另一种错误想法就是认为位于赤道的大西洋里的海水会像开了锅似的滚烫的。
The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific, but it is still very large. It is more than 4,000 miles (6,000 km) wide where Columbus crossed it. Even at its narrowest it is about 2,000miles (3,200 km) wide. This narrowest place is between the bulge of south America and the bulge of Africa.
虽然大西洋的面积只有太平洋的一半大,不过这也已经是很大的了。在哥伦布横渡大西洋的地方,洋面宽达 4000 多英里(6000 公里)。即使在洋面最窄的地方宽度也约有 2000 英里(3200 公里)。这洋面最窄的地方就是介于南美洲的突出点和非洲的突出点之间。
Two things make the Atlantic Ocean rather unusual. For so large an ocean it has very fewislands. Also, it is the world's saltiest ocean.
有两点使大西洋非同一般。一是,这么大的一片汪洋,里面几乎没有岛屿。二是,这里是世界上海水最咸的大洋。
There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers. It would take theocean about 4,000 years to dry up. On the average the water is a little more than two miles (3.2 km)deep, but in places it is much deeper. The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico. This "deep" measures 30,246 feet-almost six miles (9.6 km).
大西洋里有很多很多的海水,以致很难让人想像出来到底有多少海水。倡假如现在就不再有雨水落进大西洋,假如一切河流的水现在也都不往大西洋里面流,那么大西洋大约再过4000 年就会干涸。大西洋平均水深稍微超过两英里(合 3.2 公里),不过有些地方却更深得多,最深的地方是在波多黎各附近。这里水深达 30246 英尺--,几乎是 6 英里(9。6 公里)。
One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic. This mountain range runs north and south down the middle of the ocean. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make islands. The Azores are the tops of peaks in the mid-Atlantic mountain range.
世界上最长的山脉之一就是从大西洋的洋底升起来的。这条山脉在大洋中间,是南北走向的。山脉的几处顶峰向上突出了海平面就形成了岛屿。亚速尔群岛就是中部大西洋山脉的几座山峰的尖端。
Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea. Here the water is quiet, for there is little wind. In the days of sailing vessels the crew wereafraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.
从佛罗里达半岛往东几百英里,大洋的那一小部分水域被称为马尾藻海。这里海面平静,因为几乎没有风。在使用帆船的那些年代里,船员们都害怕船走到那里就会原地不能动了。有时也真的是这样。
Ocean currents are sometimes called "rivers in the sea." One of these "rivers" in the Atlantic is called the Gulf Stream. It is a current of warm water. Another is at he Labrador Current - cold water coming down from the Arctic. Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
大洋里的海水流动有时被称为"海洋中的洋流"。大西洋中这些潮流之一称为墨西哥湾流。这是一股暖水流。另一股是拉布拉多湾流--从北冰洋下来的一股寒水流。这些海洋潮流影响着所流经过的附近的陆地的气候。
The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores. One of its most famous fishing regions, the Grand Banks, is near New-foundland.
大西洋为岸边的居民提供了丰富的食物。可是,它并不总是平稳安全的航道。暴风雨会横扫过大西洋向上掀起层层巨浪。像冰山一样巨型浮冰块会从北冰洋向南漂浮下来横着阻挡住海船的条条航道。
Today the Atlantic is a great highway. It is not, however, always a smooth and safe one.Stormssweep across it and pile up great waves. Icebergs float down from the Far North across the paths of ships.
现在我们有很多非常快速的方法到国外旅行,以致这个大西洋使我们觉得比以前小多了。哥伦布用了两个多月才横渡了大西洋。现在用现代的快轮用不了四天就能完成这段航程。飞机从纽约飞到伦敦只用八个小时,而从南美洲飞到非洲只用四个小时就行了。
there are four oceans
the pacific ocean
the Atlantic ocean
the Indian ocean
the Arctic ocean.
New Words
航行
sail
[seɪl]
v. 航行,起航; 驾驶(帆船); 飘过;
He has sailed for New York.
n. 帆; 乘船航行; 翼板;
How many days’ sail is it from Tianjin to Dalian?
古英语 segl(帘子,帆布,帆)衍化而来。衍生自“切, 砍”。同源词saw,segment
sailor
[ˈseɪlə(r)]
n. 水手,海员; 驾船人;
He is a good sailor and seldom gets sick during storms at sea.
愿意
will
[wɪl]
v. 将,会; 想要; 将…遗赠;
n. 意志,决心; 遗嘱;
拉丁语动词volo, velle, volui(愿意,想要)。 -vol-自愿,意愿 → will
willing
[ˈwɪlɪŋ]
adj. 愿意的,乐意的; 自愿的; 积极肯干的;
be willing to do…
He is happy with the price and willing to pay.
willingly
['wɪlɪŋlɪ]
adv. 乐意地,愿意地; 积极肯干地;
unwilling
[ʌnˈwɪlɪŋ] 美 [ʌnˈwɪlɪŋ]
adj. 不愿意的,不情愿的; 勉强的; 厌恶的; 不甘;
They got some unwilling assistance from the local government. (地方政府勉强给了他们一些协助。)
be unwilling to do…
She is ill and unwilling to go out with us.
Selfish as she is, she is unwilling to share anything with others.
(她很自私,不愿意与他人分享任何东西。)
He was unwilling to give up halfway even though there might be more difficulties ahead.
(尽管前面可能有许多困难,但他不愿意中途放弃。)
unwillingly
[ʌn'wɪlɪŋlɪ]
adv. 不情愿地,勉强地; 勉勉强强;
The child always does his homework unwillingly, so he hasn’t made much progress.
赤道
equal
[ˈiːkwəl]
adj. 同样的; 平等的; 均等的; 胜任的;
n. 同样的人;
v. 等于; 比得上; 结果为;
来自拉丁文aequus,平衡,相等。
equator
[ɪˈkweɪtə(r)]
n. 赤道;
Ecuador is near the equator.
(厄瓜多尔靠近赤道。)
People used to believe that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.
(人们过去认为,在赤道处海水是滚烫的。)
-equ-均,等 + -ator名词词尾,物 → 赤道到南北极的距离相等
膨胀
bulge
[bʌldʒ]
n. 膨胀; 凸出部分; 暴涨,突增;
Between the bulge of South America and the bulge of Africa lies the narrowest place ofthe Atlantic Ocean.
(大西洋的最狭窄处位于南美洲的突起处和非洲的突起处之间。)
The graph shows a bulge in the birth rate in the year of dragon.
(图表显示龙年出生率的暴增。)
v. 膨胀; 凸出; 急增
His schoolbag was bulging with apples when he came back from his uncle's orchard.
(他从叔叔的果园回来时书包里鼓鼓囊囊装满了苹果。)
原意:吹、膨胀,词源同ball, 膨胀,鼓起,球。
通常
use
[juːs]
n. (使)用; 用法; 用途,功能; 使用权; 使用价值;
来自拉丁语 uti,使用,利用。-us-用 + -e
usual
[ˈjuːʒuəl]
adj. 通常的,常有的,常见的; 平常的,普通的; 平时的,平日的; 一向的,老是那一套的;
He went to town as usual with his father.
use,使用,引申词义平常的。 usurious 放高利贷的
usually
[ˈjuːʒuəli]
adv. 通常,经常,平常,惯常地; 一直,向来; 动不动,一般; 素;
A classified advertisement is usually a few lines long.
unusual
[ʌnˈjuːʒuəl]
adj. 特别的,不寻常的; 独特的,别致的;
This young man has an unusual talent for organization.
(这个年轻人有非凡的组织才能)
It is unusual to see snow in this region.
(这个地区难得下雪。)
He has an unusual name.
(他有一个不寻常的名字。)
It was not unusual for him to work very late every night.
(每天工作到深夜对他来说是很平常的事。)
Young people should not wear unusual clothes.
盐
salt
[sɔːlt]
n.
盐; 药用盐,泻盐;
He added a bit more salt to the soup(汤,羹) to make it tastier(较美味的).
(为了使汤的味道更好,他又加了一点盐。)
风趣;机智
His wit added salt to the discussion.
(他的妙语使讨论增添了风趣。)
讽刺
vt. 撒盐; 用盐渍; 加盐以调味; 为…增加趣味;
Have you salted the potato?
(你往土豆里加了盐了吗?)
It took them a long time to salt the main roads.
(他们花了好长时间才在主要公路上撒上盐。)
adj. 含盐的; 有咸味的; 盐渍的;
短语
grind(磨碎) salt in sb.'s wounds (创伤)在某人伤口上撒盐,使某人痛上加痛
with a grain(谷物) of salt 半信半疑地
Salt Lake City 盐湖城(美国尤他州州府)
salt mine 盐矿
salt shaker(振动器) (瓶盖上有细孔用于匀撒的)盐瓶
salt spreader(撒布机) 撒盐车
a salt water lake 咸水湖
salt water fish 海产
a salted egg 咸蛋
salty
[ˈsɔːlti]
adj. 含盐的; 咸的; 辛辣的;
The sea water is salty.
He didn't have much for dinner as the dishes(菜肴) were too salty.
(他晚餐吃的不多,因为菜太咸了。)
It might be a good idea to wash these in salty water.
(把这些放在盐水里洗一洗也许是个好主意。)
salted
['sɔ:ltɪd]
adj. 盐腌的; 盐味的; 有经验的; (动物)有免疫力的;
The salted beef is delicious.
咸牛肉很好吃。
v. (撒盐似的)散布( salt的过去式和过去分词 ); 使更有趣; 加盐于…以调味; 把盐撒在路面上(以使冰雪融化);
平均
average
[ˈævərɪdʒ]
adj. 平均的; 正常的,一般的;
He is an average student in his class.
(他是班上的一般学生。)
A man of average height came to see you today.
(今天有一位中等身材的人来看你。)
The average temperature yesterday was below zero.
(昨天的平均气温在零度以下。)
The average age of the students in this class is eighteen.
n. 平均数; 平均水平;
on the average
The average of 5,7 and 9 is 7.
(5,7,9 的平均数是 7。)
He receives an average of 50 calls a day.
(他平均每天接到 50 个电话。)
Mr. Brown could hardly believe that his son's work at school is below the average.
(布朗先生几乎无法相信他儿子的学习成绩低于一般水平。)
v. 平均为; 算出…的平均数;
He averages one pack of cigarettes a day.
(他平均每天抽一包香烟。)
The annual rainfall here averages 700mm.
(这里的年降雨量平均为 700 毫米。)
They averaged 20 miles a day during their last journey.
(在最后一次旅行中,他们平均每天走20英里。
average原意“海损”(所谓海损是指海上财产(船舶或所载货物)因遇海难或其他意外事故而遭受的损失)由有关各方平均分担引申为“平均分担”
点
spot
[spɒt]
n.
地点
She told us the exact spot where the accident happened.
(她把事故发生的准确地点告诉了我们。)
She toured(旅行) many scenic spots during the holiday.
(假日里她游览了许多风景胜地。)
斑点
She decided on a blue tie(领带) with white spot for her husband.
(她给丈夫选了一条蓝底白点的领带。)
There is a spot of ink on the white wall.
(白墙上有墨水渍。)
He didn't want to leave a spot on his reputation.
(他不想在名誉上留下污点。)
丘疹
少量
v. 点缀;认出;准确定位
The night sky is spotted with twinkling stars.
(闪烁的星星点缀着夜空。)
His shoes are spotted with mud.
(他的鞋子上有泥渍。)
She is so special, you can spot her in the crowd easily.
(她很特别,你在人群中能一眼认出她来。)
He was sent to spot the battery position of the enemy.
(他被派去测定敌炮阵地。)
adj. 立即支付的
She was urged to make a spot decision.
(她被催促当场做决定。)
短语
on the spot 当场,在现场
in a spot 在困境中,在窘境中
put sb. on the spot 使某人处于难堪地位
put one's finger on sb.'s weak spot 指出某人性格上的弱点
spot check 抽样检查
spot survey 抽样调查
spotlight 聚光灯;汽车上的反光灯;公众注意中心
spot news 现场报道的新闻
spot price 现货价
排列
range
[reɪndʒ]
n. 一系列; 区间,范围; 射程,射击场; 类,种; 山脉; 牧区; 炉灶; 音域;
The tiger-sharks range in length from nine feet to fourteen feet.
(虎鲸的体长从 9 英尺到 14 英尺不等。)
The question you asked is out of my range.
(你问的问题我不懂。)
He is not very clear about his range of responsibility.
(他对自己的责任范围并不清楚。)
The age range is from 45 to 65.
(年龄幅度在 45 岁至 65 岁之间。)
One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.
(世界最长的山脉从大西洋洋底耸起。)
She has a wide range of interests.她兴趣广泛。
v. 变化,变动; 包括…之间的各类事物; 排列; 漫步,徘徊;
The puddings are neatly ranged on the shelf.
(布丁整齐地排列在架子上。)
Prices of gasoline range from one dollar to one dollar and twenty a gallon.
(汽油的价格从 1 美元至 1 美元 20 美分 1 加仑不等。)
He ranged the books by size.
短语
medium-range missile 中程导弹
wide range of interests 兴趣广泛
at close range 接近地
in/within range 在射程内
古法语 range,排列,布置,成排,来自 reng,排,行,线,词源同 rank.
峰
peak
[piːk]
n. 山峰; 最高点; 尖端; 帽檐;
The mountain peak is covered with snow all the year.
(山峰终年积雪。)
His career is at its peak now, no wonder he will make greater achievement.
(他的事业正处于鼎盛时期,毫无疑问,他会取得更大的成就。)
v. 达到高峰; 达到最高值;
adj. 最高度的; 巅峰状态的;
pike变体,由长矛引申词义山峰,山顶,顶锋,峰值等。
短语
off-peak
[ˈɔ:fˈpi:k, ˈɔf-]
adj. 非高峰的;
peak hour=rush hour 交通拥挤时间
pike
[paɪk]
n.通行费;矛;梭子鱼;尖头;收费道路
vt.用矛刺穿
古法语pique,长矛,矛兵
容器
vessel
[ˈvesl]
n. 容器; 船,飞船; 血管,管束; …的化身;
an ocean-going vessel 远洋轮
an escort vessel 护卫舰
a fishing vessel 渔船
a drinking vessel 饮具
拉丁语 vas,容器,词源同 vase,vascular.引申词义船只,轮船。
方向
ward
[wɔːd]
n. 病房; 选区; 〈法〉被监护人;
eastward
[ˈiːstwəd]
adj. 向东方的; 朝东的;
adv. 朝东方; 向东;
n. 东方,东部;
westward
[ˈwɛstwəd]
adj. 向西的;
n. 西部,西方;
adv. 向西方;
northward
['nɔ:θwəd]
adv. 向北方;
southward
['saʊθwəd]
adv.& adj. 向南方(的);
成员
crew
[kruː]
n. (飞机、轮船等上的)全体工作人员; 技术团队; 一组人; 划船队; 赛船运动;
The crew was (were) annoyed at the captain's decision.
(船员们对船长的决定感到恼火。)
All 312 passengers and 6 crew members died in the plane crash.
(312 名乘客和 6 名机组人员在飞机失事中丧生。)
The aircraft has a crew of 6.
(这架飞机有 6 名机组人员。)
v. 当船员;
create, 生长,创造。即还在成长中的员工。
create
[kriˈeɪt]
v. 创造; 创建; 引起; 产生; 授予;
-cre-创造 + -ate动词词尾
平静
becalm
[bɪ'kɑ:m]
vt. 使(船等)停住;
In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.
(在使用帆船的时代,船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上航行。)
He was becalmed for a whole week north of the island.
(他在海岛北面因无风而停泊了整整一周
be- + calm.
calm
[kɑːm]
adj. 镇静的; 稳定的; 风平浪静的,无风的;
v. 使平静; 镇痛,止痒;
n. 平静,宁静;
please keep calm.
词源同calorie. 原指酷暑下的安静,后指人心静,类似汉语心静自然凉的意味。
海湾
gulf
[ɡʌlf]
n. 海湾; 分歧; 波斯湾; (地面的)裂口;
Can you tell me for sure who was the real winner of the Gulf War?
(你能确定地告诉我谁是海湾战争的真正赢家吗?)
The quarrel left a gulf between the two close friends.
(那场争吵在两位好友间造成了隔阂。)
短语
the Persian Gulf 波斯湾
the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥湾
Gulf Stream 湾流,墨西哥湾流
词源同whelm, 淹没。用来指海湾。
流
current
[ˈkʌrənt]
adj. 当前的; 流通的;
Give me a current issue of Reader's Digest.
(给我一本最近一期的读者文摘。)
A long time ago, it was a current belief that the earth was flat.
(很久以前,人们普遍相信地球是扁平。)
of all her dresses, only one is still current.
n. (河、湖或海的)水流; 电流; 趋向;
The current is the strongest in the middle of the river.
Mass(大量) media influence the current of public opinion.
(大众传媒影响舆论的倾向。)
There was a powerful electric current running through the wires.
(一股强大的电流流过电线。)
A steady(平稳的) current of heated(加热) air rose from the mountain top.
(一股热气从山顶源源不断升起。)
The child had been swept away by the current.
(孩子被水流卷走了。)
Turn off the current while making repairs.
短语
the main current 主流
a warm current 暖流
an alternating current 交流电
a direct current 直流电
current events 时事
current situation 当前形势
-curr-流,跑 + -ent形容词词尾
stream
[striːm]
n. 小溪; 气流; 一连串; 班;
They had a walk along the bank of the stream.
(他们沿着河岸散步。)
Lots of tree leaves are floating along with the stream.
(许多树叶正随着水流漂浮。)
Tourists came into the cave in a steady stream.
(游客们源源不断地进入山洞。)
Tears streamed down her cheeks when she heard the news.
(当她听到那个消息时,泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。)
He didn't even frown when blood streamed from his wound.
(血从伤口涌出时,他连眉头都没皱一下。)
v. 按能力分班; 飘动; 流出;
短语
a stream of cold air 一股冷空气
a stream of people 一股人流
a stream of lies 一串谎言
a stream of good ideas 一系列好主意
a stream of light 一道光线
stream of consciousness 意识流
go against the stream 逆潮流而动
go with the stream 随波逐流
stream-lined cars 流线型汽车
float
[fləʊt]
v. 使漂浮; 飘荡; 优雅地走动; 提出; 使上市; 货币自由浮动;
Colorful flags are floating in the morning breeze.
(彩旗在晨风中飘荡。)
When winter comes yellow leaves float down.
(冬天到来时,黄叶飘落。)
It will be much easier for you to float the logs down the river.
(你们把木材顺流下漂将会容易得多。)
n. 浮体; 鱼漂浮子; 彩车; 备用零钱; 加冰激凌的饮料;
flow
[fləʊ]
vi. 流; 垂; 流出; (谈话、文体等)流畅;
Heavy rains brought mud flows down the mountain.
(暴雨把泥流冲下了山。)
The river flows east into the sea.
(这条河向东流入大海。)
n. 流动; 滔滔不绝; 涨潮; 连贯;
The doctor stopped the flow of blood.
(医生把血止住了。)
vt. 使泛滥; 淹没; 排出;
浮动,流动,日耳曼语中为flo-,词源同float, fleet, pluvial.
flow 侧重水继续不断地往前流,不关心其流量的大小和速度的快慢。
run 指液体向任何方向流动,暗示比flow快而有力。
stream 指水或其它液体从源头流出,不断地朝某一方向流动,可用作引申。
pour 通常指从高向低或从上向下的急剧流动。也可作引申用。
current 指向某一方面发展或在趋向中行动。
影响
affect
[əˈfekt]
v. 影响; 使感动; (疾病)感染; 假装;
Music can affect some people very strongly.
His mood was greatly affected by the sad news.
(那个悲痛的消息使他的心绪大受影响。)
Computers affect our life in many ways.
(计算机在许多方面影响我们的生活。)
Reading in dim light constantly will surely affect the eyes.
(经常在昏暗的光线下看书肯定会对眼睛有影响。)
The child was affected with high fever.
(孩子发高烧了。)
前缀af-同ad-, 去,往。词根fect, 同fact, 做。
effect
[ɪˈfekt]
n. 影响; 效果; 所有物; 特效;
The law is no longer effective.
Violent TV programs have a bad effect on the children.
The wonderful sky effect on the festival night impressed everybody.
(绚丽的节日夜空给每一个人都留下了深刻印象。)
I just hope this medicine won't have serious side-effect.
(我只希望这种药没有严重的副作用。)
The color gives the effect of being warm.
(这颜色给人以暖感。)
v. 使发生,引起;
短语
sound effect 音响效果
three-dimensional effect 立体感
lighting effect 灯光效果
cause and effect 因果
no effects 无存款(银行在空头支票上的批语)
be of no effect 无效
bring sth. to effect 实行,实施
in effect 实际上
take effect 见效;生效
ef-, 向外。-fect, 做,词源同fact, affect. 即做出来的效果。
气候
climate
[ˈklaɪmət]
n. 气候; 氛围; 形势;
The change in climate might be one of the causes for the extinction of dinosaurs.
(气候的变化也许是恐龙灭绝的一个原因。)
In cold climates, some of the livestock have to be kept indoors all winter.
(在寒冷的气候区,一些牲畜得在室内一冬。)
In the present economic climate we can make greater achievement.
(在目前的经济气候下,我们能够取得更大的成就。)
古希腊人将世界划分成7个气候带,每个带被认为是倾斜角度不同的区域,这个“斜坡”叫klima,所演变成英语的climate
weather
[ˈweðə(r)]
n. 天气(预报);
The football match had to be put off because of bad weather.
(由于天气不好,足球比赛被推迟了。)
What's the weather like in Hangzhou? I hope it is not as hot there.
(杭州的天气怎么样?希望那儿不那么热。)
v. 变色/形; 渡过(难关等);
吹,词源同 wind,风,引申为天气
climate 指某一地区常年的气候情况,包括气温、降雨量。还可用作比喻。
weather 指某地区具体的短时间内的天气,包括晴雨寒暖等情况。
提供
furnish
[ˈfɜːnɪʃ]
vt. 陈设,布置; 提供,供应; 装修(房屋);
The school has decided to furnish the library with some new books.
(学校决定给图书馆提供一些新书。)
They furnished all the passengers with life jackets.
(他们为所有的乘客提供救生衣。)
向前,准备,词源同forth, from, frame. 引申词义供应,提供。
furniture
[ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)]
n. 家具;
She wants to furnish her new house with modern furniture.
(她想用时新家具布置新家。)
来自furnish, 供应,提供。后词义用于家具设施等。
公路
highway
[ˈhaɪweɪ]
n. 公路; 公用通道;
The canal was the only highway for commerce.
(这条远河是唯一的商业路线。)
You can find many motels along the highways.
(在高速公路沿线你会看到许多汽车旅馆。)
Intensive reading
TheAtlantic ocean is one of the oceans that separate the old world from the new.
只能用 that的定语从句
当先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时。
He is the best person that always helps others
当先行词是序数词,或前面有一个序数词时
He is the last person that I want to see.
当主语已有疑问词 who 或 which 时
Which is the bike that you lost?
当先行词是 all, much, something, anything, everything, little, etc 等词时
We should hand in all that you have found.
当先行词前有 only, any, few, one of, the same, no etc 等词时
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is one of the studentsthat want to be teacher in our class.
separate sth from sth 把…与…分开
England is separated from France by the English channel.=The English Channel separates England from France.
(英吉利海峡把英法两国隔开。)
Theory should not be separated from practice.
(理论不应该脱离实际。)
one of
one of +复数名词
She is one of the most hardworking students in our class.
(她是我们班学习最刻苦的学生之一。)
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.
(上海是世界最大的城市之一。)
India is one of the countries with the largest population in the world. )
(印度是世界上人口最多的国家之一。
Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.
(尼罗河是世界上最长的河流之一。)
在one of +复数名词+定语从句的结构中,定语从句一般被看作修饰复数名词,因此该从句中的谓语要用复数形式。
This is one of the best novels that have been published this year.
(这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。)
Mr. Smith is one of those men who always think they are right.
(史密斯先生属于那些总是认为自己正确的人。)
He is not one of those who bow before difficulties.
(他不是那种在困难面前低头的人。)
在 the only one of +复数名词+定语从句的结构中,定语从句应该被看成修饰单数名词。
He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the teacher.
(他是男孩中唯一受到老师表扬的。)
Helen is the only one of those girls who doesn't wear make-up.
(海伦是那些女孩中唯一不化妆的。)
the Old world 指欧,亚,非三洲,有时仅指欧洲。the New (World) 指哥伦布发现的美洲大陆。
For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.
keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth:阻止某人做谋事
The bad weather can’t keep us from going to school/
It is really not easy to keep Father from smoking.
(要使父亲不抽烟真不容易。)
Heavy fog kept the ships from being discovered by the enemy.
(大雾使得船只未被敌人发现。)
We had no way to keep him from getting involved in the matter.
(我们没有办法使他不卷入那事件中去。)
The medicine keeps his cough from getting more serious.
(那种药使他的咳嗽不再加剧。)
The local people's conservative mind keeps that place from developing rapidly.
(当地人的保守思想使得那个地方不能快速发展。)
for centuries 意为“许多世纪”。
I haven't seen you for days. How is everything?
(多日不见,一切都好吗?)
I haven't seen him for years, I am sure he has changed a lot.
(我多年没见到他了,他一定变了不少。)
It seems I have been waiting for you for centuries. Where have you been?
(我似乎等了你几个世纪了,你去哪儿了?)
Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic ocean made the early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.
主语+动词+宾语+补语
主语:many wrong ideas 谓语:made 宾语:the early sailors宾补:unwilling tosail far out into it。
His behavior at the dinner party made the host annoyed.
(他在晚宴上的行为使主人很恼火。)
That film made him famous.
(那部影片使他出了名。)
What he said just now made Mary very sad.
(他刚才的一番话使玛丽很伤心。)
The teacher's comment on his composition made him disappointed.
(老师对他作文的评价令他失望。)
What he had done made his friends hesitant to accept the invitation.
(他的所为使得他的朋友们对接受邀请犹豫不决。)
His unthriftiness made his parents unwilling to give him any more money.
(他的挥霍浪费使得他的父母不愿意再给他钱。)
短语:
be unwilling to do sth
make sb do sth
make sb. unwilling to do sth
His indifference to work made everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.
(他对工作的冷漠态度使得所有的人都不愿与他合作。)
one idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world.”Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.
名词从句
主语从句
关系词不充当成分,不可省略关系词
That the earth is round is true.
表语从句
关系词不充当成分,不可省略关系词
Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.
宾语从句
关系词充当成分,可省略that
All of us know that we must study hard.
同位语从句
关系词不充当成分,不可省略关系词
The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.
主语+系动词+表语
My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.
(我的想法是我们应该尽快跟他联系。)
My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting.
(我的建议是我们应该把会议延期。)
One advantage of solar energy is that it will never be used up.
(太阳能的一个优点是用之不竭。)
The problem is who will take care of the children while you are away.
(问题是你不在时谁照管孩子。)
It looks that it is going to rain.
(看起来天要下雨。)
another+单数名词表示不定的“另一个”,the other+单数可数名词表示特指的“另一个”
This idea is not very practical, will you think of another one?
(这个主意不太实际,你能另想一个吗?)
This book is too difficult. Show me another one.
(这本书太难了,给我看另外一本。)
Of the three books in my bag, two are published in China, the other is published in the United States.
(我包里的三本书中,两本是中国出版的,另一本是美国出版的。)
Tom is here, but where are the other boys?
(汤姆在这儿,其他的男孩在哪儿呢?)
I like this coat better than the other one.
(两件上衣中,我更喜欢这一件。)
This camera is more expensive than the other one.
(这架照相机比另一架贵。)
boiling hot 意思是“滚热的,酷热的”。此处的 boiling 不是形容词而是副词,表示热的程度,修饰 hot。
Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth.
be + 形容词 + that 引起的从句做状语或宾语(根据逻辑意义)
I am afraid that I can not finish the article in two hours.
(我担心我两小时内写不完这篇文章。)
He was afraid that he couldn't give you a definite answer.
(他担心他不能给你一个明确的答复。)
I am afraid that I have made a mistake.
(我担心自己犯了一个错误。)
We are confident that we can over come all the difficulties.
(我们相信自己能克服所有的困难。)
I'm sorry that you failed the exam again.
that 从句起状语作用,相当于“…because you failed the exam again.”
TheAtlantic ocean is only half as big as the pacific, but it was still very large.
倍数的比较:倍数 + as + adj/adv + as
My hair is twice as long as yours.
My classroom is only one third as big as theirs.
This book is not half as interesting as that one.
(这本书还不如那本书一半有趣。)
My monthly income is only half as much as his.
(我的月收入只有他的一半多。)
This year our university will enroll three times as many students as it did the year before last.
(我们学校今年的招生人数将是前年的三倍。)
My spoken English is not half as fluent as yours.
(我的英语口语还不及你的一半流利。)
This suitcase is not half as heavy as that one.
(这只手提箱还没有那只手提箱一半重。)
This room is twice as large as that one.
(这个房间是那个房间的两倍。)
It’s more than 4000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it
基数词 + 形容词→作度量状语。
He is only five years old.
The river is three meters deep.
The classroom is five meters long.
For so large an ocean, it has very few islands. Also, it is the world’s saltiest ocean.
There is so much water in the Atlantic ocean that it is hard to imagine how much there is.
So…that 引导结果状语从句。(so + adj / adv)
It’s so hot these days that we can’t go out.
But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.
suppose(也可以用 supposing),连词,意思是“假设(= if);假使…结果会怎么样”
Suppose he is ill, what shall we do?
(假如他病了,我们怎么办?)
Suppose a tiger should come out of the cage?
(如果一只老虎从笼子中跑出来怎么办?)
Suppose something should go wrong?
(如果出了什么问题会怎么样?)
suppose做动词,意思是“假定;猜想;认为”
Let's suppose it to be true.
(让我们假定这是真的。)
I suppose he is very nervous.
(我猜想他很紧张。)
I supposed him to be an honest man, but he often tells lies.
(我以为他很诚实,他却经常说谎。)
It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.
it takes / took sb some time to do sth 花某人多少时间作某事
Every day it takes me an hour to go to work.
It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.
(我骑自行车到学校要花半小时。)
It took him two weeks to finish reading that book.
(他花了两个星期时间才看完那本书。)
It took the boy three hours to finish his homework.
(那个男孩花了 3 小时才写完作业。)
It takes less than 4 hours to get to Shanghai by train from Nanjing.
(从南京乘火车到上海只要不到 4 小时。)
It took him 4 days to go out of the forest.
(他花了 4 天时间才走出密林。)
It will take a great deal of time to look after a sick old man.
(照顾一个生病的老人要花许多时间。)
On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep, but in places it is much deeper.
on the average “平均而言”。
On the average, they drove 70 miles an hour.
(他们平均每小时行驶 70 英里。)
On the average, they spend 20 yuan on food every day.
(他们平均每天花 20 块钱吃饭。)
a little 在句子中修饰 more,表示程度,意思是“一点儿,稍许”。much 在句子中修饰 deeper,也表示程度,加强形容词比较级,意思是“…多”。
I feel a little cold.
(我觉得有点冷。)
He spent a little more than 20 yuan yesterday.
(昨天他花了 20 块多一点儿。)
I feel much better now.
(我现在感觉好多了。)
She is much more careful this time.
(她这一次细心多了。)
I feel a little tired after a day's work.
(干了一天的工作,我觉得有点累。)
She is a little unfriendly to her classmates.
(她对她的同学有点不友好。)
He was much happier after hearing that news.
(听了那个消息他开心多了。)
This“deep”measures 30,246 feet——almost 6 miles(9.6km).
本句中的 deep 做名词用,意思是“深处”,“海渊”(水深超过 3000 英里)。
measure 在句子中做动词用,意思是“测量”,“有…深”。
This room measures 10 metres across.
(这个房间宽 10 米。)
The bridge measures 17 kilometres long.
(这座桥长 17 公里。)
The water tank only measures 2 metres deep.
(这只水箱只有 2 米深。)
One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.
单音节词或是以元音结尾的双音节词,最高级的构成是在词尾加-est。
narrowest,saltiest,deepest 一样,都是形
两个音节以上的形容词,最高级的构成是在形容词前面加 most。
He wants to make everybody believe that he is the happiest person in the world.
(他想使每一个人相信他是世界上最幸福的人。)
This is the strongest horse I have ever seen.
(这是我所见过的最强壮的马。)
The boss wanted to find the most careful employees.
(老板想找最细心的雇工。)
Yellow Mountain is one of the most beautiful mountains I have ever known.
(黄山是我所知道的最美的山之一。)
This express way is one of the longest in China.
(这条高速公路是中国最长的。)
This book is the most interesting of the three.
(这本书是三本书中最有意思的。)
rise 是一个不及物动词,“升起;隆起”。
The sun rises in the east.
(太阳在东方升起。)
Give the child some medicine, his temperature is rising.
(给孩子服药,他的体温在升高。)
The mountain peak rises above the clouds.
(山峰高耸入云。)
请注意区别以下动词:
rise 不及物动词 (起立;上升,高耸;浮现)
The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell.
The tower rises to a height of 70 feet.
An idea rises in my mind.
raise 及物动词 (举起;养育;提高;召集)
If you have any questions, please raise your hands.
When Father was in the army, Mother had a hard time raising three children.
The management promised to raise the workers' salary after the negotiation.
(资方答应在谈判后提高工人的工资。)
He failed to raise the money for his father's heart operation.
(他没能为他父亲的心脏手术筹到钱。)
arise 不及物动词 (升起;出现;由…引起)
Heavy smoke arose be yond the mountain.
(山那边升起了浓烟。)
New problems arise when old ones are solved.
His illness arose from malnutrition.
(他的病因营养不良而引起。)
arouse 及物动词 (唤醒;激起,引起)
The noise outside aroused him from sleep.
(外面的喧闹声把他从睡梦中惊醒。)
The music aroused a feeling of homesickness in him.
(这音乐唤起了他的思乡之情。)
floor “海底”
He lives on the seventh floor.
(他住在 7 楼。)
The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter.
(冬天时,木地板给我温暖的感觉。)
He was given the floor at the meeting.
(他在会上得到了发言权。)
He decided to floor the kitchen with plastic tiles.
(他决定用塑料砖铺厨房地面。)
The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make island
top
[tɒp]
adj. (位置、级别或程度)最高的; 极棒的;
He is the top student in the class.
(他是班上的尖子学生。)
This is the top news of the week.
(这是本周的头条新闻。
His father is a top diplomatic advisor.
(他父亲是高级外交顾问。)
n. 顶(端),表面; 最高地位/职位; 首位,第一; 尽头; 帽,盖,塞; 上衣; 茎叶; 陀螺;
She needs a new skirt to match her top.
(她需要一条新裙子配她的上衣。)
When we stand on the top of the mountain, the whole city is in sight.
(我们站在山顶时,整个城市尽收眼底)
He wasthe first to climb to the top of the hill.
(他第一个爬上山顶。)
He shouted at the top of his voice.
(他放声高叫。)
He is running at the top of his speed.
(他正以最快的速度奔跑。)
v. 超过; 胜过; 居…之首; 覆盖;
Mother is going to top the cake with cream.
(妈妈准备在蛋糕上浇奶油。)
He tops his father by half a head.
(他比父亲高出半个头。)
词源同 tip
词组:
come out top(名列前茅)
come out on top(出人头地)
from top to bottom(从上到下,彻底地)
from top to toe(从头到脚;完全)
on top of the world(非常幸福;心满意足)
Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea.
called the Sargasso Sea 是修饰 ocean 的定语从句,在其前省去了 which is。
Opportunities are often thing (that) you have not noticed the first time around.
(机会常常是第一次出现时没有被人们注意到的东西。)
There is much (that) the little boy can do.
(有许多是那小男孩能做。)
He is the right person (that) I want to discuss the problem with.
(他正是我想与其讨论这个问题的人。)
In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here.Sometimesthey were.
days 常常指“时期,时代”,有时也表示“一生;生命”。
In his boyhood days, he often went swimming and fishing with his friends.
(在他的童年时代,他常常和伙伴们一起游泳,钓鱼。)
In the days of Queen Victoria, the British colony expanded rapidly.
(在维多利亚女王时代,英国殖民地迅速扩张。)
He has experienced a lot of hard ships in his days.
(他一生中吃了许多苦。)
crew 是一个集合名词,指“全体船员”,后面的谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数,此句中谓语动词用的是复数 were,因为从句子中可以推断出是许多 vessels(船)上的船员。
Sometimes they were.句子中省略 becalmed。
The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores.
furnish sth. to sb.= furnish sb. with sth.“为…提供”
They furnished blankets and food to the refugees.
(他们为难民供应毯子和食物。)
No one expected that he would furnish the information to the opponent.
(谁也没有料到他会把消息提供给对手。)
Luckily, they have furnished us with a car and all the necessary maps.
(幸运的是他们为我们提供了一辆汽车和所有必要的地图。)
One of its famous fishing regions, the Grand Banks, is near Newfoundland.
the Grand Banks 在句子中做同位语
This theory was advanced by Einstein, a famous scientist.
(这个理论是由著名科学家爱因斯坦提出的。)
This is Mr. Benjamin, dean of our department.
(这是我们系主任本杰明先生。)
Qinghai Lake, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3,198 metres above sea-level.
(中国最大的内陆咸水湖青海湖海拔 3,198 米。)
We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.
such + n + that 引导结果状语从句,注意和 so…that…比较。
She’s such a lovely girl that everyone likes her very much.
She’s so lovely a girl that everyone likes her very much.
Seem to 仿佛、好像
构词法
Affixation (词缀法)
反意词前缀 un-
unusual,unwilling
形容词后缀-y
salty
名词后缀-or
sailor
Compounding (合词法)
复合名词 highway,steamship,airplane
复合形容词 mid-Atlantic,eastward
句型:
定语从句:
TheAtlantic is one of the oceans that separate the Old World fromthe New.
Ocean currents affect the climates of the land near which they flow.
表语从句:
One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”.
Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.
结果状语从句:
There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is.
We now have such fast ways of travelling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.
形容词的比较级和最高级:
TheAtlantic is only half as big as the Pacific, but still it is very large.
It is more than 4,000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it.
Even at its narrowest it is about 2,000 miles wide.
Also, it is the world's saltiest ocean.
The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico.
be one of+复数名词
The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.
it takessb. some time to do sth.
It would take the ocean about 4,000 years to dry up.
地理名称
大洲
Asia (亚洲)
Europe(欧洲)
Africa(非洲)
NorthAmerica(北美洲)
SouthAmerica(南美洲)
Oceania (大洋洲)
the Antarctic(南极洲)
大洋
The Atlantic(大西洋)
the Pacific(太平洋)
the Indian(印度洋)
the Arctic(北冰洋)
常用词
continent (大陆)
continental shelf(大陆架)
subcontinent(次大陆)
iceberg(冰山)
mountain range(山脉)
volcano(火山)
delta (三角洲)
waterfall(瀑布)
gulf(海湾)
straits; channel(海峡)
coast line (海岸线)
beach(海滩)
大西洋之最
TheAtlantic is the second largest ocean in the world
TheAtlantic is the saltiest ocean in the world
Puerto Rico Trench is the deepest in the Atlantic Ocean.
Gulf Stream is the strongest warm water current in the Atlantic Ocean.
The Grand Banks near Newfoundland is the most prosperous fishing region in theworld.
The drainage area of the Atlantic is four times that of the Pacific or the Indian.
主要属海和岛屿
the Mississippi 密西西比河
the Hudson 哈得逊河
the Amazon 亚马逊河
the Congo 刚果河
Baffin Bay 巴芬湾
the Nigeria 尼日利亚河
the Rhine 莱茵河
the Caribbean Sea 加勒比海
the MexicanGulf 墨西哥湾
the Hudson Bay 哈得逊湾
the Mediterranean Sea 地中海
the Black Sea 黑海
the North Sea 北海
the Baltic Sea 波罗的 克海
Iceland 冰岛
Greenland 格陵兰岛
Faeroe Islands 法罗群岛
Shetland Islands 设得兰岛
Bermudas 百慕大群岛
Azores 亚速尔群岛
Grenada 格陵纳达岛
Antilles 安的列斯群岛
Trinidad Islands 特里尼达群岛
Malvinas Islands 马尔维纳斯群岛
Bahamas 巴哈马群岛
定冠词的用法
形式
英语的定冠词the没有单、复数和性的变化:
the boy这/那个男孩
the boys这/那些男孩
the girl这/那个女孩
the girls这/那些女孩
the day这/那一天
the days这/那些天
定冠词的用法
独一无二的事物
the sea大海
the earth地球
the sky天空
the equator赤道
the stars星辰
特指的人或物
第二次提到的人或物
His car struck a tree;you can still see the mark on the tree.他的车撞了一棵树,你还能看到那棵树被撞的痕迹。
用定语(从句)限定的人
the girl in blue穿蓝衣服的女孩
the man with the banner举旗的那个男人
the boy that I met我遇见的那个男孩
the place where I met him我遇见他的地方
Ann is in the garden.安在花园里。(可指这所房子的花园)
Please pass the wine.请把酒递给我。(可指餐桌上的酒)
一类人或物
代表一类动物或事物(the+单数名词)
The whale is in danger of becoming extinct.鲸类有灭绝的危险。
The deep-freeze has made life easier for housewives.有了冷冻柜,家庭主妇的日子好过多了。
代表某一群体
The small shopkeeper is finding life increasingly difficult.小店主发现日子越来越不好过了。
上例中,the+单数名词后边跟动词的单数形式。其代词形式是he,she或it:
The first-class traveller pays more so he expects some comfort.买头等票的旅客钱花得多,当然想要舒服一点。
代表一类人(the+形容词)
the old=old people in general老年人
the rich, the poor, the dead, the young
the+姓氏的复数形式意为“……一家”
the Smiths=Mr and Mrs Smith(and children)史密斯夫妇(及孩子们)
The Greens are watching TV.
the+姓名的单数形式+从句/短语可用来区别具有同一姓名的人:
We have two Mr Smiths.Which do you want?我们这里有两位姓史密斯的先生。你要找哪一位?
I want the Mr Smith who signed this letter.我要找在这封信上签名的那位史密斯先生。
形容词或副词的最高级(first,second,only用为形容词时也用)
the first(week)第一(周)
the best day最好的一天
the only way唯一的办法
专有名词
(海洋、河流、群岛、山脉、沙漠、地区等以及本身为复数形式的国名之前)
the+名词
the City伦敦金融区
the Mall英国伦敦圣詹姆斯公园林阴道
the Sudan苏丹
The Hague海牙
the Strand(伦敦)河滨路
the Yemen也门
the Atlantic大西洋
the Netherlands荷兰
the Thames泰晤士河
the Sahara撒哈拉沙漠
the Azores亚速尔群岛
the Crimea克里米亚半岛
the Alps阿尔卑斯山
the Riviera里维埃拉
the+名词+of+名词
the Bay of Biscay比斯开湾
the Cape of Good Hope好望角
the Gulf of Mexico墨西哥湾
the United States of America美利坚合众国
the+形容词+名词
the National Gallery国家美术馆
the Tower of London伦敦塔
the也用于合唱团、管弦乐队、流行音乐团体等名称之前:
the Bach Choir巴赫合唱团
the Philadelphia Orchestra费城管弦乐队
the Beatles披头士乐队(或称甲壳虫乐队)
the Arabian Gulf阿拉伯湾
the New Forest新森林(位于英格兰南岸的部分森林地区)
the High Street正街,主街
the+east/west+名词构成的特定名称之前:
on the left. Right, by the way,in the middle of
the East/West End伦敦东/西区
the East/West Indies东/西印度群岛
the North/South Pole北/南极
比较Go north(north在这里是副词,指向北的方向)和 He lives in the north(north在这里是名词,指北方的一个地区)。
east/west等词用做名词时
the north of Spain西班牙北部,the Middle East中东,the West(geographical)西部(地理上的),the West(political)西方(政治上的)
报纸\轮船名称之前:
the Times 《泰晤士报》,the Great Britain“大不列颠”号
公用事业名称
I will go to the post office/ the museum/ the cinema.
习惯用法
常用在乐器前:
I want to play the piano/ the violin.
时间名词
in the morning/afternoon/evening
不用定冠词
但man用来表示全人类时
If oil supplies run out,man may have to fall back on the horse.如果石油资源枯竭,人类可能又得靠骑马了。
但在下列情况下一般不用the:
South Africa南非
North America北美洲
West Germany西德
所有格名词或所有格形容词
the boy’s uncle= the uncle of the boy这个男孩的叔叔
It is my(blue) book.=The(blue)book is mine.这(蓝皮)书是我的。
身体各部位或服装的各部(通常用其所有格形式)
Raise your right hand.举起你的右手。
He took off his coat.他脱掉了大衣。
注意
She seized the child’s collar.=She seized the child by the collar.她抓住孩子的衣领。
I patted his shoulder.=I patted him on the shoulder.我轻轻地拍了拍他的肩膀。
The brick hit John’s face.=The brick hit John in the face.砖头打在约翰的脸上。
He was hit on the head.他被击中头部。
He was cut in the hand.他的手割破了。
三餐名称之前
The Scots have porridge for breakfast.苏格兰人早餐吃麦片粥。
The wedding breakfast was held in her father’s house.婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行的。
体育项目
He plays golf.他打高尔夫球。
泛指一类人或物
Women are expected to like babies.妇女被当成是该喜欢小孩的。(指一般妇女)
Big hotels all over the world are very much the same.世界各地的大饭店都很相像。
nature指自然界(动植物等的世界)的创造之灵和原动力
If you interfere with nature you will suffer for it.谁干扰大自然,就要承受恶果。
在表示某一座山,岛屿或某一个湖时不用定冠词
Yellow Mountain(黄山),Lake Erie(伊利湖),Hainan Island(海南岛)