动词不定式

这是一篇关于动词不定式的思维导图，主要内容有一般形式、充当成分、不定式的省略形式(即不带to的动词原形)、不定式，动名词作宾语区别。

动词不定式

• 一般形式
  • 肯定o do
  • 否定not to do
  • 否定
    • too …. to …
      • She was too excited to say a word. (=She was so excited that she could not say a word)
• 充当成分
  • 作主语
    • To learn a foreign is not easy.
    • it作形式主语
      • It is...for sb. to do sth.
        • It is not difficult to work out the problem.
      • It is...of sb. to do sth.
        • It is very nice of you to help me.
      • It takes sb.+time to do sth
        • lt takes us an hour to get there by bus.
  • 作宾语
    • 一般情况下，由动词短语作宾语，表将来
      • I have decided to study well.
    • 宾语太长时，用形式宾语 it 代替，将真正的宾语后置
      • I find it easy to read English every day.
    • 动词后接不带to的动词不定式结构
      • why not do sth./ Why don't you do sth./
        • I would rather stay in the room.
      • had better do sth. /would rather do sth. /Would you please do sth.?
    • 动词不定式作宾语及物动词
      • ask,agree,beg,care,choose.decide,expect,force,fail,hesitate,claim,hope, learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,plan,prepare,promise,refuse，want,wish
    • it作形式宾语
      • It's important to learn English well.
    • 作动词宾语
      • I happen to know the answer to the question.
    • 作介词宾语(有do没to)
      • You can do nothing but give up.
  • 作宾补
    • 不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有
      • see，hear，watch,notice, observe, listen to, look at. feel,let，have，make
      • 一感二听三让四看
    • 这类句子变为被动语态时，不定式符号to仍保留
      • The boss made them work the whole night =They were made to work the whole night
    • 当宾语是不定式(短语)时，如果其后有宾语补足语 则须用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在补语之后
      • 主语+谓语+it+宾补+不定式(短语)
      • 常用于此结构的谓语动词有 think， make，feel，find
      • He found it important to study the situation in Russia.
  • 作表语
    • 不定时可以放在be后
      • My work is to clean the room every day.
  • 作定语
    • 放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作
      • I have a lot of work to do.
  • 作状语
    • 不定式通常在句子里可作目的、条件、原因和结果状语。
      • 作目的状语
        • to do，only to do(不料却………，in order to do, so as to do, so (such). as to…(如此……以便……)
        • He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
      • 作结果状语 可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违
        • I awoke to find my trunk gone.
      • 表示原因
        • I'm glad to see you.
      • 表示理由和条件
        • He must be a fool to say so.
• 不定式的省略形式 (即不带to的动词原形 ）
  • 情态动词(除ought外)后
  • [注意]被动语态中不能省去to
    • would rather,had better结构后
    • Why…? /Whynot…? 句型后
    • help后可带to 也可不带to
• 不定式，动名词作宾语区别
  • 动词不定式作宾语
    • decide hope want wish choose...
  • 动名词作宾语
    • finish enjoy worth imagine excuse miss...
  • 均可
    • prefer hate begin start...
• 王一然