导图社区 高考语法全景图
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高考语法全景图
你真的了解英语语法吗?你掌握了正确的学习英语方法了吗?本思维导图适应于初学者或需要系统学习英语、英语框架构建者及于高中的考试。堪称史上最全，千货满满，赶快收藏学起来吧!高中英语语法背着一张图就够了！
编辑于2019-12-15 14:21:02
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语法考点汇总
三大从句
什么地方用
从【充当的成分】
当名词用名词性从句主、宾、表、同
来看 当形容伺用 定语从句
当副词用 状语从句
从【主句完整性】角度来看
如果主句缺名词
主从 (That Tom is ugly) is true.
宾从 We all know (that Tom is ugly).
表从 The fact is (that Tom is ugly).
如果主句不缺名词
同从
I know the fact (that Tom is ugly). 同位语从句也叫“内容从句”
用来解释先行词的“内容” 先行词：从句前面的那个名词！ ！
同从的先行词是“抽象名词” news; fact; Idea; report; answer； question; opinion
定从
I know the fact (that Tom said).
用来对先行词“修饰限定”
定从的先行词是任意名词
状从
明确给出主句的时间/地点/原因/结果/方式 /目的/条件/让步/比较等，把主句变“壮大” 状从用来修饰主句这件"事儿”
I read English
when I am free.
本来没说时间,现在加上了时间
where others play.
本来没说地点，现在加上了地点
because I want to study abroad.
本来没说原因，现在加上原因
从句考什么
特殊关系词
as
“ 正如”
As we all know, Tom is ugly. As is known to all, Tom Is ugly. Tom is ugly, which Is known to all.
as和which一样，可以指代整个主句
as引导的定从可以放在主句之前
whose
"ta的、tafl的"
I have a house whose windows face the sea.
根据意思，选引导词 1、 有哪些引导词 2、 分别是暗意思 3、 有啥特殊萎求
名词性从句
【连词】 从句本身不缺名词
that
不翻译
"说”
I know (that Tom is ugly).
...那件事
if
是否/与否
只能用于
vt的宾从
I wonder If Tom Is ugly.
带形式主语it 的主从
It puzzles me if Tom Is ugly.
whether
是否/与否
到处都能用，特别爱跟or not搭配，而if不能跟or no潴配
eg: The question is whether Tom is ugly.
【连接副词】 从句本身不缺名词 “问我的外号”
when
...的那个时间
I forgot (when I should be back),
where
...的那个地方
I forgot (where I met her).
why
...的那个原因
I forgot (why he left).
how
...的那个方式
I wonder (how I can go home).
怎么
I wonder (how I can go home).
多么
I am surprised (at) (how ugly Tom is).
【连接代词】 从句一般缺名词 “俩人俩物”
who
...的那个人
(Who kiled Tom) is still a mystery.
who能做主语和宾语
whom
...的那个人
I wonder (whom Tom killed).
whom只能做宾语
which
那个
There are three apples. I don't know (which you like).
有选择范围
what
...的那个东西
I don't know (what I can do).
没有选择范图
什么
I don't know (what I can do).
我不知道我能做什么。
例外
which和what修饰名词
I don't know (which student broke the glass),
I don't know (what fruit you like).
定语从句 （主句中有一个名词，然后 用从句对它进一步做解释）
特殊关系词
as
"正如"
As we all know, Tom is ugly. As Is known to all, Tom is ugly. Tom is ugly, which is known to all.
as和which一样,可以指代整个主句
as引导的定从可以放在主句之前
whose
"ta的、ta们的 ”
I have a house whose windows face the sea.
关系代词 从句缺名伺
“他/它/他们"
who
LiHui is a teacher (who teaches English).
whom
Tom is the teacher (whom we beat everyday).
which
Tom never wears a thing which makes him different. Tom从来不穿让他与众不同的东西。
which可译为“它"
限制性定语从句只能修饰名词。
Tom never wears a thing, which makes him different. Tom从来不穿东西，这件事让他与众不同。
which可译为"这件事”
非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词， 也可以修饰整个主句。 （把整个主句当作一个名词来用）
that
Li Hui is a teacher that teaches English.
that的用法口诀：“人物绝不避人物”
关代判断法则 （语法填空）
空格前无逗号无介司，直接填 that;否则不填that
Tom is a teacher______teaches maths. 答：that
Tom has a car Is stolen. 答:that
逗号号后，人用who, 物用which
Tom is a teacher,______is ugly. 答:who
Tom has a car,is ugly. 答:which
介词后，人用whom, 物用which
Tom has a girlfriend with______he often quarrels. 答:whom
Tom has a car in______he often quarrels with his girlfriend. 答：which
关系副词 从句不缺名词 （非时间即地点）
when
那会儿
I still remember the days (when we were young).
where
在哪儿
I still remember the farm (where we played together).
why
之所以/为什么
公式：The reason (why…)is (that....)
某人之所以做某事的原因就是说....
The reason (why Jerry cried) was (that Tom was too ugly).
关副解题技巧
why引导的定从只修饰名词reason: when 和where则满足“非时间即地点"
I have reached a point in my career____I have to decide what to do next. 答案:where
注意：在定语从句的世界里，没有what和how。
状语从句
状语从句的主句和从句一般都是完整的句子，因此，没有什么结构规律 值得分析，只需要记住常见引导词的意思。
从句知识大总结
1、 如果主句不完整，则从句是主从/宾从/表从
2、 如果主句完整，则从句是同从/定从/状从
3、 如果从句不完整，则引导词是代词
4、 如果从句完整，则引导词是连词或副词
高考英语短文改错五大难点
单数还是复数？
谓语还是非谓？
现在还是过去？
现在还是过去？
真实还是虚拟？
代词
什么地方用
I，me,mine,myself 有的地方，拿代词当名词用
my有的地方，拿代词当形容词用
代词考什么
考翻译
I 我（主语）
my 我的（形容词）
me我（宾语）
mine我的（名词）
myself 我自己（名词）
反身代词：主语返回去说
自己
eg:Tom is looking for(he)mother.答案：his
冠词用法
翻译法
翻译成“一，个，一个 ”，用a/an
元音音素前面用an 辅音音素前面用a
an hour an apple a university
翻译成“那，那个”，用the
It is long distance from here to restaurant.
特指泛指分析法
特指：明确知道说的是哪个
泛指：随便哪个都行，或一类中的一个
有the表具体 无the表抽象
in hospital 在住院 in the hospital 在医院里
in bed在睡觉 in the bed在床上
play basketball/chess
play the piano
play pipa
in space在无限的太空中
in the universe 在宇宙中
In the space在某一具体空间中
in front of the bus在外部的前边
in the front of the bus在内部的前边
介词用法
背：介词的搭配
介伺搭配其实可以根据介伺的蓦本含义推断出来
懂：介词的含义
in
”范围里“
arrive in +大地方
in the evening
on
“吸附“
特定某一天/特定的上午下午晩上
a lecture (on science)
at
“点”
arrive at +小地点
at night
look at
stare at
shoot at
laugh at
knock at
aim at
to
“终点”
go to school
look forward to XXX
for
”为”（因为/为了）
look for
leave (for Beijing)
花”（花钱/花时间）
I bought this book for 10 dollars.
for a long time
or
”修饰"
a book (of stories)
be made of (能看到原材料)
“所属”
one (of us)
from
“离开”
come (from Shandong)
be made from (看不到原材料)
over
“正上方/越过”
through
“介质中/穿过”
across
“平面上/经过”
cross “十字架”
under
“正下方”
above
上方（不一定正上方）
below
下方（不一定正下方）
beneath
下方贴着
beyond
超越
beyond my Immagination
with
伴随着
with+简单工具，表示”简单使用”
by
倚靠
交通工具 by +夏杂工具，表示“复杂使用”
against
对着；怼
warn sb. against
guarantee sb. against sth 保证某人免于…
into
往里（动态）
进入
change into 成为
out of
往外（动态）
Get out of here!
在外面（静态）
out of control
about
在周围
They fl'about the bushes.
关于
Let's talk about books.
around
在周围
形容词
什么地方用
定语
修饰名词
—般放在名词前
I want to tell you an interesting story.
如果跟其它东西搭配，共同修饰一个名伺，则需放在名词后。
This is a story (interesting for me).
修饰不定代词
放在不定代词之后
I want to tell you something interesting.
不定代词：something, somebody, anything, anybody, nothing…
表语
表语就是“主语的表现"：The story is interesting
常见的”表语形容词"（只能做表语的形容词）
alike aloud asleep alive alone...
补语
I will make the child happy.
补语是主干结构
形容词考什么
名词如何变adj.
-ful
-less
同根词
动词如何便adj.
doing
令人…
exciting
done
感到...
excited
-able
eg：eatable
adj.的比较级最高级
碰到as选原级
Li Hui is as handsome as WuYanzu.
碰到than选比较级
Li Hui is more handsome than Wu Yanzu.
in/of/among最高级
LiHui is the most handsome man (among/of all human beings) (in the world).
副词
什么地方用
修饰动词
be后
Tom is really ugly.
实前
Tom really likes bananas.
助实间
Tom should really stop smoking.
修饰整句
Unfortunately, Tom died.
修饰 adj./adv.
Tom is really ugly.
Tom runs really fast.
副词考什么
adj.+ly=adv.
LiHui is ______(surprise) handsome.
副词的比较级/最高级
碰到as选原级
碰到than选比较级
in/of/among 最高级
并列
A=B 结构相同 含义相似
A and B
肯定句
I like Tom and Jerry.
A or B
否定句
I don't like Tom or Jerry.
A as well as B
I like Tom as well as Jerry.
not only A but (also) B
I like not only singing but also dancing.
Tom not only teaches Chinese but also eats rats.
LiHui is not only handsome but also clever.
Tom runs not only fast but also steady.
Tom works not only in Beijing but also in Tianjin.
名词
什么地方用
主语一定是名伺
The story is true.
eg: “名词性从句”也相当于名词。 (That LiHui teaches English) is true.
宾语一定是名词
1 want some food.
eg:非谓语动词也可以当作名词 I want (to go home).
表语可以是名伺
LiHui is a teacher.
LiHui is handsome.
LiHui is in Beijing.
介词+名词
介词后面的动词都要写成动名伺!
I am looking forward to meeting you.
限定词+名词
冠词(a/an/the) +名词
形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/your/their) + 名词
指示代词(this/that/these/those) + 名词
（形容词/介词短语/定从/非谓语）修饰名词
a handsome teacher
the teacher (in my heart)
the teacher (who teaches English)
the teacher (teaching English)
名词考什么
可数不可数、单复数
可数：能数岀一个不可再分的“1 ”，就算可以数！
论份卖的都可数，如：蛋糕、咖啡、报纸。
不可数：纸撕开还是纸，头发剪断还是头发，钱破开了还是钱，无法定义出“1 ”
常见的不可数名词
furniture家具 / luggage行李 / baggage行李 information信息 / news新闻 / advice建议 / knowledge知识 homework作业/ progress进步/ work工作，活儿 papers / equipment设备 / money钱 / change零钱 food食物/ water水/ music音乐/ joy快乐/ hair头发/ traffic交通
所有格
LiHui's photo
表所属：照片归李辉
难题：I can't remember all____(student) names.
答：students'
动词如何名词
同根词/加后缀
introduce —> introduction
东西、不能加宾语
I am reading the introduction of the book.
doing/动名词
introduce —> introducing
动作、可以加宾语
I am looking forward to introducing the new movie to you.
to do
这里的to study Japanese是做want的宾语 I want （to study Japanese）.
the+ don。
The_______________（wound） should be taken good care of.
答案；wounded （the wounded表示“那些受伤的人”）
v-er v-ee
employer, Interviewer, trainer （施动者） employee, interviewee, trainee （受动者）
谓语动词
什么时候用
一句一主谓
当某个单句中没有谓语动词的时候，就要加上谓语动词
谓语考什么
时态（先判断意思，在选择相应的时态形式）
一般现在
“常态”
“吃/喝/拉/睡”
“经常/真的/是...的/老”
LI Hui teaches English.
李辉是个教英语的。
一般过去
“讲故事”
“动作发生在过去，句子也在描述过去”
“曾经/当时/刚刚”
现在完成
“吹牛逼”
“动作发生在过去，句子却在描述现在”
“已经”
过去完成
“发生在did之前”
I told you I had written a book,
“之前/之前已经”
过去将来
“发生在did的将来"
l told you l would write a book.
“会”
过去将来时一般用于tdd/heard/ said/asked/thought 的后面
or ESMJ
一般将来时
will do
“无计划、无预谋
be going to do
“ 有计划 有预谋”
be to do/be about to do
“立刻、马上”
威逼利诱句型 ”
祈使句+and/or+sb will do sth. Come here, and 1 will kiss you. Come here, or 1 will kill you.
and"那么"
or"否则"
“主将从现/主情从现/主祈 从现”
if/unless/as long as/when/ as soon as
I will do it if you want me to.
I can do it if you want me to.
Kiss me, if you bve me.
“时间表”用一般时表将来
火车，飞机， 上学放学， 商店开门关门 电影上映
A: When --- the next train come? 答案：will B： It usually --- (come) at 9:00, but today it 答案：comes -------- (come) 20 minutes later because of the heavy rain. 答案：will come
“点动作”用进行时表将来
come, go, arrive, leave, enter, die, end, start, begin
The old man is dying.
各种进行时
在某一时间点上“正在做”
I will be flying to Shanghai at this time tomorrow afternoon.
完成进行时 "一直做一直做一直做一直做， 巳经做了很长时间了还在做"
have been doing
到现在为止一直做
had been doing
到过去某时间点为止一直做
被动
be/get + done
谓语动词的被动是be done/get done;
非谓语动词的被动是done/being done/to be done/
having been done
虚拟 "didi"
常见句型
对现在的虚拟：I wish that sb. did sth.
I wish I were a bird, (am + did = were)
对过去的虚拟:I wish that sb. had done sth.
I wish I had been to Turkey, (have been + did = had been)
对将来的虚拟：I wish that sb. would do sth.
I wish I would go to the moom. (will go + did = would go)
If I were you, I would do sth. 如果我是你，我会做某事。 It Is hlgh/about time that sb. did sth. 真的到了某人做某事的时间了。
Without you,...如果没有你，....
Without you, I would feel lonely.
没有你，我会...
Without you, I would have died.
没有你，我本来会..・
But for you, sb would do sth. 如果没有你，某人就会做某事（将来） But for you, sb would have done sth. 如果没有你，某人就会已经做某事（过去）
But for you,...要不是因为你,...
Otherwise, sb. would do sth 否则，某人就会做某事(将来). Otherwise, sb. would have done sth. 否则，某人就会已经做某事(过去)
otherwise,...否则，.“
You saved me. Otherwise, I would have died.
—坚持/二命令/三建议/四要求+(that) + sb. (should) do. eg: I suggested (that) you (should) go home.
insist, order, command, suggest, advise, recommend, ask, require, request, demand
urge催促
would rather 表“宁愿 ”
would rather + sb. did sth,对现在/将来的虚拟 would rather + sb had done sth.对过去的虚拟
虚拟条件句 "如果...就..."
三大口诀
主过将I从过
I would go, if I were you,
现在时间平台上的虚拟
主过将完I从过完
I would have come, if I had known about the party
过去时间平台上的虚拟
主过将|从should/were to
I would buy you a gift, if I should travel to America.
将来时间平台上的虚拟
错综时间虚拟语
主句从句不在一个时间平台上
如果我之前学习更勤奋（过去），我现在就是个科学家（现在）。 I would be a scientist now, if I had studied harder.主过将|从过完
如果你将来要去法国读书（将来），你十年前就该开始学法语（过去）。 If you were to study in France, you should have started to learn French ten years ago. 主过将完I从should/were to
含蓄条件句
不带if,但是依然表示“条件”
Without XXX,... But for XXX,... Otherwise,...
条件句的省略形式
规则:把if去掉，把助系情提前,
I would go, if I were you.
Were I you, I would go.
I would have come, if I had known about the party.
Had I known about the party, I would have come.
I would buy you a gift, if I should travel to America.
Should I travel to America, I would buy you a gift.
I would be a scientist now, if I had studied harder.
Had I studied harder, I would be a scientist now.
非谓语动词
什么时候用
一句一主谓
当某个单句中巳有谓语动词的时候，就需要加上非谓语动词
非谓考什么
七大最常考形式 （形式不一样，意思就不一样； 我们要学会根据意思判断形式）
主动：doing
(Smiling), Tom walked in.
被动：done
(Beaten), Tom walked in.
長做/去做/未做：to do
(To finish his homework), Tom turned to Jerry for help.
关注to do的固定用法
want/desi re/expect to do
sb is said/reported/expected to do
形容词+ to do
I am happy to do sth.
喜怒哀乐惊好坏和难易
英语难学结构
English is hard （for us） to study.
作业要做结构
I have homework to do.（自己做作业） I have homework to be done.（谁做都行）
only + to do
衰示令人惊讶的结果：“结果却...”
He went home, only to find everything stolen.
要被做：to be done
Everyone wants (to be praised).每个人都想要被表扬。
正在被做：being done
(Being scolded)(by his father), Tom felt sad.
之前做:having done
(Having eaten) (in this restaurant before), Tom refused (to come again).
之前被做：having been done
(Having been beaten badly), Tom refused (to come again).
注意：只能作状语，不能作定语